PSAD – CELE November 2022

Problems F G H
Situation 1 – Classify the structure shown as stable, unstable,
determinate or indeterminate. If indeterminate state the
degree of indeterminacy. h
1. Figure a.
A. Determinate A E
B. Unstable
C. Indeterminate to the first degree B C D
D. Indeterminate to the third degree s s s s
2. Figure b.
A. Unstable
B. Statically determinate Situation 3 – The homogenous boom AC in the figure weighs 35
C. Indeterminate to the second degree kN and is supported by a ball and socket joint at C and two
D. Indeterminate to the third degree cables AD and AB.
3. Figure c. 7. What is the tension (kN) in cable AB?
A. Unstable A. 30.54 C. 26.13
B. Indeterminate to the first degree B. 11.32 D. 12.58
C. Indeterminate to the second degree 8. What is the tension (kN) in cable AD?
D. Indeterminate to the fifth degree A. 30.54 C. 26.13
B. 11.32 D. 12.58
9. What is the reaction (kN) at C?
A. 68.57 C. 70.48
Figure a B. 73.58 D. 69.51

Figure b
B

D C
Figure c

Situation 4 – Refer to the figure below.

Situation 2 – It is required to compute the axial force in member Given:
FG of the bridge truss shown. Column Loads
Given: P1 = 1200 kN
Dimensions, s = 5 m; h = 6 m P2 = 800 kN
Ordinates of the influence line for the force FG: Dimensions
Joint A = 0 b=6m
Joint B = 0.625 c=3m
Joint C = 0.417
Joint D = 0.208 a b c
Joint E = 0
4. Compute the maximum compressive force (kN) in member P1 P2
FG due to a uniform load of w = 10.35 kN/m.
A. 46.9 C. 73.2
B. 64.7 D. 58.4
5. Compute the maximum compressive force (kN) in member
FG due to two standard H-loading with front wheel load of
17.5 kN and rear wheel load of 71.2 kN which are 4.3 m 10. Calculate the value of “a” (m) such that the pressure at the
apart. base of the footing will be uniform.
A. 47.8 C. 52.4 A. 3.0 m C. 3.6 m
B. 89.3 D. 63.8 B. 3.2 m D. 4.2 m
6. Compute the maximum compressive force (kN) in member 11. If P1 = P2 = 1200 kN and a = 3 m, what is the maximum shear
FG due to a concentrated load of 136 kN and a uniform load (kN)in the footing?
of w = 10.35 kN/m acting on CD and DE only. A. 10,000 C. 8,000
A. 106.6 C. 149.7 B. 4,000 D. 6,000
B. 78.3 D. 121.4
1

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PSAD – CELE November 2022
12. If P1 = P2 = 1200 kN and a = 3 m, find the location (m) of the A. 360 C. 560
point of inflection from the left end of the footing. B. 640 D. 480
A. 6.0 C. 4.5 18. Calculate the moment (N-m) at D.
B. 3.0 D. 9.0 A. 480 C. 640
B. 360 D. 560
Situation 5 – Refer to the figure below.
A 600 mm square column is centrally located on a pile cap Situation 7 – Refer to the truss shown.
supported by 9 of 350 mm square precast concrete piles. Given:
Given: s=3m
Dimensions h = 1.5 m
a = 0.6 m Solve for the force (kN) on member DE based on the
b = 1.2 m following loading conditions:
c = 0.6 m 19. P = 105 kN. Neglect the wind loads H1, H2 and H3
d = 1.0 m A. 157.5 (C) C. 200.5 (C)
Effective depth of pile cap = 400 mm B. 157.5 (T) D. 200.5 (T)
Net Ultimate Axial Load = 3,060 kN 20. P = 0
Net ultimate Moment About the Y-axis = 180 kN-m H1 = 16 kN
Concrete Compressive Strength, fc’ = 20.7 MPa H2 = 27 kN
Reinforcing Steel Yield Strength, fy = 413 MPa H3 = 11 kN
Strength Reduction Factors A. 43 (T) C. 34 (C)
0.75 for Shear B. 43 (C) D. 34 (T)
0.90 for Moment 21. P = 105 kN
13. Determine the maximum beam shear stress (MPa) in the pile H1 = 16 kN
cap. H2 = 27 kN
A. 0.86 C. 0.38 H3 = 11 kN
B. 1.14 D. 1.06 A. 157.5 (C) C. 200.5 (C)
14. Determine the punching shear stress (MPa) on the most B. 157.5 (T) D. 200.5 (T)
heavily loaded pile.
A. 0.30 C. 0.40 P
B. 0.38 D. 0.28 H3
15. Determine the required spacing (mm) of 20 mm diameter H2 C
bars for the critical moment.
A. 155 C. 238 B F
H1
B. 163 D. 124 h
A G
Y
s D s E s
a b b a
Situation 8 – The column of a non-sway frame is shown in the
c figure. Concrete strength fc’ = 28 MPa and steel fy = 415 MPa.
Tie diameter is 10 mm with clear cover of 40 mm. Consider
column bending parallel to line 1 and neglect the concrete area
pile d displaced by steel.
X Given:
h1 = 250 mm
d
h2 = 450 mm
b1 = 200 mm
c b2 = 300 mm
Y h1 h2

Situation 6 – A semi-circular arc is being pulled by tension T as b1

shown. Given T = 800 N.

D - - b2
X

b1
T T
1

16. Determine the shear (N) at D. 22. Determine the location (mm) of the geometric centroid from
A. 640 C. 360 line 1.
B. 480 D. 560 A. 286 C. 0
17. Calculate the axial force (N) at D. B. 277 D. 299

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PSAD – CELE November 2022
23. Determine the location (mm) of the plastic centroid from Situation 11 – The shaft is loaded as shown in the figure.
line 1. Given:
A. 286 C. 0 Diameter of shaft = 76 mm
B. 277 D. 299 L1 = 2 m
24. Determine the resulting moment (kN-m) if a load Pu = 4155 L2 = 0.4 m
kN acting at 420 mm from line 1 along the x-axis. w = 1.5 kN/m
A. 530.4 C. 556.4 Allowable bending stress = 148 MPa
B. 543.4 D. 565.5 Allowable shear stress = 99 MPa
Allowable torsional shear stress = 75 MPa
Situation 9 – The section of a double tee (DT) prestress concrete 31. Determine the maximum value of P (kN) based on bending.
joist is shown in the figure. The joist are simply supported on A. 333.83 C. 16.16
a span of 7.5 m and are pre-tensioned with total initial force B. 1.69 D. 100.12
of 1100 kN from low-relaxation strands. The joist supports a 32. Determine the maximum value of P (kN) based on shear.
total dead load of 2.3 kPa (including beam weight) and live A. 333.83 C. 16.16
load of 6.2 kPa. There is a loss of prestress of 20% at service B. 1.69 D. 100.12
loads. Unit weight of concrete is 24 kN/m3. 33. Determine the maximum value of P (kN) based on torsion.
A. 333.83 C. 16.16
B. 1.69 D. 100.12
N.A.

Properties of the Section:

Area, A = 200,000 mm2
INA = 1.880×109 mm4
25. Calculate the stress (MPa) at the top fibers of the DT at the
end span due to initial prestressing force only.
A. 4.39 (T) C. 5.21 (C)
B. 3.65 (T) D. 2.85 (C) Situation 12 – A beam 12 m long is fixed at the ends. It carries a
26. Calculate the compressive stress (MPa) at the bottom fibers uniformly distributed load of 30 kN/m throughout its length.
of the DT at midspan due to initial prestressing force only. To prevent excessive deflection, a support is added at the
A. 38.65 (T) C. 8.04 (T) midspan.
B. 28.65b (C) D. 35.49 (C) 34. Determine the reaction (kN) at the additional support.
27. Calculate the additional load (kPa) such that the stress at the A. 90 C. 110
bottom fiber of the DT at midspan (due to service loads and B. 180 D. 80
prestress force) will be zero. 35. Determine the maximum shear (kN) in the beam.
A. 8.04 C. 4.86 A. 90 C. 110
B. 5.65 D. 3.35 B. 180 D. 80
36. Determine the maximum bending moment (kN-m) in the
Situation 10 – A gusset plate is bolted to larger plate by four 16- beam.
mm-diameter bolts in single shear as shown. A. 90 C. 110
Given: B. 180 D. 80
P = 37.5 kN
s1 = s2 = s3 = 75 mm Situation 13 – A wooden log is to be used as a foot bridge to span
s4 = 100 mm a 2-meter gap. It will support a 40-kN concentrated load.
Given:
Allowable stress
s1 s2 s3
Shear = 1.2 MPa
Bending = 6.3 MPa
37. What is the required minimum diameter (mm) of the log
based on shear?
s4
A. 235 C. 245
P B. 230 D. 240
38. What is the required minimum diameter (mm) of the log
based on bending?
28. How much is the maximum shearing stress (MPa) in the A. 310 C. 315
bolt? B. 320 D. 325
A. 88 C. 78 39. A 150-mm wide rectangular log is to be sued instead. What
B. 156 D. 67 is the required minimum depth of the log based on bending?
29. How much is the minimum shearing stress (MPa) in the bolt? A. 300 C. 355
A. 59 C. 53 B. 295 D. 360
B. 68 D. 86
30. If the allowable shearing stress in the bolt is 50 MPa, which Situation 14 – Refer to the figure shown.
of the following gives the minimum required bolt diameter Given:
(mm)? D = 2.0 m
A. 25 C. 16 H1 = 2.4 m
B. 20 D. 22 H2 = 3.0 m
Weight of the cylinder = 3.2 kN

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PSAD – CELE November 2022
The coefficient of friction between the cylinder and the Web Thickness, tf = 12 mm
surface is 0.20. The cylinder is filled with water to a depth of Moment of Inertia, Ix = 67×106 mm4
2,4 m. Find the maximum force P (kN) that will satisfy the Moment of Inertia, Iy = 2.1×106 mm4
following conditions: Distance from the back of the channel to the centroidal y-
40. Translation of the cylinder is prevented. axis, x̅ =17 mm
A. 15.4 C. 32.17 46. Due to load P = 1000 kN, solve for the resulting compressive
B. 14.5 D. 13.17 stress (MPa).
41. Tipping of the cylinder is prevented. A. 157.57 C. 87.87
A. 15.4 C. 32.17 B. 78.78 D. 175.75
B. 14.5 D. 13.17 47. The column is subjected to a moment of 270 kN-m about the
42. The cylinder remains in equilibrium. x-axis, compute the maximum resulting flexural stress (MPa)
A. 15.4 C. 32.17 A. 161.19 C. 437.54
B. 14.5 D. 13.17 B. 820.38 D. 302.24
D 48. Solve for the critical slenderness ratio of the built-up column.
Use K = 1.0.
A. 91.1 C. 55.29
B. 312.3 D. 39.1
P
y

H2
H1

Situation 15 – A wide flange with cover is being used as a beam

as shown.
Given
Properties of the Wide Flange: Situation 17 – A 12-mm thick tire has an inside diameter of 800
Area, A = 12031 mm2 mm and is 110 mm wide. It is heated to fit into a steel wheel
Depth, d = 465 mm of with a diameter of 800.5 mm. E = 200 GPa. Neglect the
Flange Width, bf = 193 mm deformation of the wheel.
Flange Thickness, tf = 19 mm 49. What is the resulting tensile stress (MPa) in the tire?
Web Thickness, tw = 11 mm A. 130 C. 125
Moment of inertia, Ix = 4.36×108 mm4 B. 151 D. 120
Yield Strength, Fy = 248 MPa 50. Calculate the contact pressure (MPa) between the tire and
Allowable flexural stress = 163 MPa the wheel.
43. Compute for the moment capacity (kN-m) of the beam A. 3.05 C. 4.50
without the cover plate. B. 3.75 D. 5.40
A. 427 C. 306 51. In the process, the resulting circumferential stress between
B. 247 D. 360 the tire and the wheel is 200 MPa. How much is the
44. To strengthen the beam, a 150 mm wide by 12 mm thick elongation (mm) of the tire?
cover plate is added both at the top and at the bottom of the A. 1.57 C. 0.25
flange. Compute for the moment capacity (kN-m) of the B. 0.16 D. 2.51
beam.
A. 427 C. 306 Situation 18 – The column at the warehouse are fixed at the base
B. 247 D. 360 and pin-connected at the top. About the y-axis, the columns
45. The beam is to carry a moment of 480 kN-m. What is are braced at mid-height. Sidesway is prevented and
minimum width (mm) of the cover plates if the thickness of effective length factor = 1.0. Along the x-axis, there is no
the plates is 10 mm? brace at mid-height. Sidesway uninhibited and effective
A. 250 C. 255 length factor = 1.2. Column length is 6 m.
B. 245 D. 240 Given:
Column Properties
Situation 16 – Two channels are welded at the top of their Area, A = 8550 mm2
flanges to form a box section. Depth, d = 255 mm
Given Flange Width, bf = 200 mm
Column Length = 6 m Flange Thickness, tf = 16 mm
Properties of each channel: Web Thickness, tw = 9 mm
Area, A = 5690 mm2 Modulus of Elasticity, E = 200,000 MPa
Depth, d = 300 mm Moment of Inertia, Ix = 103×106 mm4
Flange Width, bf = 80 mm Iy = 22×106 mm4
Flange Thickness, tf = 12 mm Radius of Gyration, rx = 110 mm

Prepared by: Engr. Jobert S. De la Cruz, CE

PSAD – CELE November 2022
ry = 51 mm 56. If the tension reinforcement are to be placed on one layer
Steel Yield Strength, Fy = 248 MPa only. Which of the following is most suitable? Assume as
52. Solve for the axial compressive stress, Fa (MPa) that would singly reinforced beam.
be permitted if axial force does exist. Refer to the table A. 3-25 mmϕ C. 7-16 mmϕ
below. B. 2-28 mmϕ D. 4-20 mmϕ
A. 121.0 C. 151.6 57. The beam is reinforced only with two legs of ties spaced at
B. 116.5 D. 112.1 100 mm on centers. Determine its nominal shear capacity
53. If an axial load P = 160 kN applied 250 mm from the (kN).
centroidal x-axis, Solve for the maximum flexural stress A. 83 C. 182
(MPa). B. 159 D. 243
A. 181.8 C. 118.1
B. 94.5 D. 49.5 Situation 20 – Beam supporting the slab panels are 300 mm
f f wide and 400 mm depth. The columns supporting the beam
54. Using the interaction equation a + b ≤1.0, find the maximum
Fa Fb are 400 mm square.
P that can be applied at an eccentricity of 250 mm about the Givens:
centroidal x-axis. Use Fa = 75 MPa and Fb = 148 MPa. Dimensions
A. 88.1 C. 273.9 l=8m
B. 81.1 D. 293.7 S1 = 2.5 m
ALLOWABLE STRESS S2 = 2.5 m
FOR COMPRESSION MEMBERS OF 248 MPA SPECIFIED YIELD S3 = 2.5 m
STRESS Loads
Total Dead load, DL = 5.8 kPa
Live load, LL = 4.8 kPa
For maximum stresses, apply the following:
1. Pattern loading for live load
2. Load combination, U = 1.2D + 1.6L
Given in the figure below are the possible load patterns and
corresponding reactions, shears and moments. Use Figure
RC1.
58. Determine the maximum factored reaction (kN) at N.
A. 260.2 C. 181.8
B. 239.2 D. 119.3
59. Determine the maximum factored moment (kN-m) at L.
A. 1411 C. 160.4
B. 150.4 D. 156.1
60. Determine the maximum factored shear (kN) at L of the
beam KL.
A. 136.2 C. 132.8
B. 133.3 D. 134.8
A B C D E

S1 F G H I J

S2 K L M N O

S3 P Q R S T

l l l l

Situation 19 – A 3-meter long cantilever beam is 250 mm wide

by 440 mm deep. It will be subjected to the following loads:
Given h
Dead Load (including beam weight) = 15 kN/m
Live Load (at the free end) = 18 kN
Concrete Strength, fc’ = 28 MPa
Steel Yield Strength, fy = 414 MPa; fyv = 275 MPa b
Cover to centroid of reinforcement = 70 mm
Load Factor, U = 1.2DL + 1.6LL
Strength Reduction Factor: Situation 21 – A plane concrete beam has the following
0.90 for Moment dimensions: b = 350 mm, h = 600 mm
0.75 for Shear Concrete compressive strength, fc’ = 34 MPa
Diameter of Lateral Ties = 10 mm Allowable tensile stress, ft = 0.10fc’
55. Determine the maximum shear stress (MPa) in the cantilever 61. Determine the bending moment (kN-m) that will cause the
beam. concrete beam to crack.
A. 1.10 C. 0.90 A. 71.35 C. 71.91
B. 1.19 D. 0.82 B. 71.75 D. 71.40
5

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PSAD – CELE November 2022
62. If the beam is cast with a 185 mm diameter pipe located 67. If P = 300 kN, compute the required length (mm) of weld L1.
concentrically, how much is the resulting cracking moment? A. 254 C. 96
A. 71.35 C. 71.91 B. 88 D. 229
B. 70.75 D. 71.40 68. If P = 300 kN, compute the required length (mm) of weld L2.
63. If the beam is cast with square duct 85 mm by 85 mm located A. 254 C. 96
concentrically, how much is the resulting cracking moment? B. 88 D. 229
A. 71.35 C. 71.91 69. Find the value of P (kN) based on the tensile strength of the
B. 70.75 D. 71.40 angle.
A. 197 C. 394
Situation 22 – A combined footing is shown supports two 400 B. 253 D. 327
mm by 400 mm column, with its shear diagram as shown.
Given:
Net soil pressure at ultimate conditions = 130 kPa
Dimensions
a = 0.4 m
b = 3.5 m
c = 0.4 m
Effective depth, d = 500 mm
Shear forces (kN) Gusset
V1 = 156
V2 = -602
V3 = 763
V4 = -507
a c b c x

Situation 24 – The basic proportioning trial batches for normal

weight concrete with an average compressive strength of 35
A B MPa at 28 days are as follows:
slump = 7 mm to 100 mm
Water-cement ratio = 0.45
Specific gravity of cement = 3.15
Specific gravity of coarse aggregates = 2.68
Specific gravity of fine aggregates = 2.64
V3 Water (net mixing) = 180 kg/m³
Coarse aggregate = 10.5 kN/m³
Entrapped air = 1%
V1
70. What is the weight (kg) in trial batch of cement, water, and
fine aggregate?
A. 1329 C. 1650
V4
V2 B. 1296 D. 1478
Concrete compressive strength, fc’ = 27.5 MPa 71. Compute the number of bags of cement for a 50 cubic meters
Steel yield strength, fy = 413 MPa of concrete. Weight of one bag of cement is 40 kg.
Reduction factor for shear = 0.75 A. 300 C. 500
Reduction factor for moment = 0.9 B. 400 D. 600
64. Determine the critical wide beam shear stress (MPa) along 72. How much water (kg) is needed if the moisture content of
the long side of the footing. coarse aggregate is 1.5% and of the fine aggregate is 3.5%
A. 0.21 C. 0.28 A. 138 C. 115
B. 0.15 D. 0.11 B. 158 D. 124
65. Determine the critical wide beam shear stress (MPa) along
the short side of the footing. Situation 25 – Identify the following:
A. 0.34 C. 0.43 73. The stress of the material at failure is called:
B. 0.15 D. 0.51 A. Yield stress C. Ultimate stress
66. Determine the critical punching shear stress (MPa) at the B. Rupture stress D. Allowable stress
column B. 74. The maximum ordinate at the stress diagram is called:
A. 0.89 C. 0.98 A. Yield stress C. Ultimate stress
B. 0.37 D. 0.73 B. Rupture stress D. Allowable stress
75. The point in the stress-strain curve where a material will
Situation 23 – The diagonal member to the left consisting 2 undergo an appreciable elongation or yielding without
angles are welded to the gusset plate as shown. corresponding increase in load.
Given: A. Yield point C. Ultimate stress
Properties of the angle B. Proportional limit D. Elastic limit
Area of one angle = 1360 mm²
Location of N.A. , 𝑥̅ = 25 mm
Thickness of weld, tw = 6 mm
Allowable tensile stress on gross area of angle = 145 MPa
Allowable weld shear stress = 112 MPa

Prepared by: Engr. Jobert S. De la Cruz, CE

PSAD – CELE November 2022

Figure RC1

CONTINUOUS BEAM – FOUR EQUAL SPANS – THIRD-SPAN UNLOADED

wl wl wl

A B C D E
l l l

SHEAR

MOMENT

CONTINUOUS BEAM – FOUR EQUAL SPANS – LOAD FIRST & THIRD SPAN

wl wl

A B C D E
l l l

SHEAR

MOMENT

CONTINUOUS BEAM – FOUR EQUAL SPANS – ALL SPAN LOADED

wl wl wl wl

A B C D E
l l l

SHEAR

MOMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Jobert S. De la Cruz, CE