Finally

FIELD STUDY 2
Observation of Teaching in Actual School Environment
LEARNING EPISODE 1
The Teacher we remember
OCAMPO, MARIA JESUSA S.

BPE IV MAJOR IN SCHOOL SPORTS
Ma’am EMELITA S. GALSIM

(Field Study 2 Adviser)
1
LEARNING EPISODE
THE TEACHER WE
1 REMEMBER
Analyze:
1. From the PPSTs the Southeast Asia Teachers Competency Standards and the TEDx
videos that you viewed, what competencies does a great teacher possess?
Answer: Following my viewing of the two movies, I've come up with a list of eight
characteristics of an excellent teacher. Interpersonal and communication skills, planning, and
organizing. Classroom management, engagement and facilitation, coaching and evaluation,
cooperation and teamwork, inclusivity and compassion, flexibility, and adaptability are the
qualities that make a great teacher.
2. Are these competencies limited only to professional competencies?

Answer: These abilities, in my opinion, are not limited to professional abilities only. Certain
people, like teachers, can use some of the competencies to position themselves as appropriate
individuals. Teachers help students become successful adults by acting as role models for them.
Since pupils held professors in high regard, others may want to emulate some of their
characteristics and abilities.
3. For a teacher to be great, which is more important – personal qualities or professional

competencies.
Answer: No. To be an excellent teacher, one must have empathy for each and every pupil.
Maintaining students' interest and improving their learning also requires treating each student
as an individual and demonstrating empathy and care for whatever may be going on in their
life. A teacher should take a moment to think, reflect, and speculate about this student's
possible circumstances. It is vital to consistently have an optimistic mindset and to possess
keen awareness, empathy, and perception. In addition to fostering a stronger bond between
them, a teacher's empathy and compassion for a student directly impacts that kid's learning in
the classroom.
4. For a teacher to be great, which is more important – personal qualities or professional
competencies.
Answer: Teachers must possess personal attributes such as patience because they will face
challenges in their line of work. Regardless of the grade level you teach, being a teacher will
test your patience. Patience is one of the most important skills that educators may have. This
characteristic is useful for managing rowdy pupils, working with coworkers who have diverse
viewpoints, and keeping parents informed about their children's whereabouts. Generally
speaking, you have to be more patient with parents than you are with students.
5.Who are the teachers we remember use?

Answer : My fifth-grade teacher is the one I can still clearly recall. She advised me to
exercise patience with my kids when I eventually become a teacher and gave me advice on
what to do and what not to do in the classroom.
Reflect:
2
Which personal traits do I possess? Not Possess? Where do I need Improvement in?
• Effective teaching requires good communication abilities, which is one of my personal
qualities. This is largely what I'm utilizing for observation. There is still a limit, despite
my best efforts to make my kids feel at ease around me. I just allow them to freely share
their thoughts and feelings so that we may have an interesting class conversation.
Which professional competencies am I strongly capable of demonstrating?

The professional abilities of communication, flexibility, and adaptation are strengths of
mine. In senior high school, I put these skills into practice to become a better person. That's
why I'm happy to be able to exhibit these competencies.
In which competencies do I need to develop more?
• I have to put in a lot of effort to strengthen my professional time management and

organizing skills. I have a terrible sense of organization, and I occasionally struggle with time
management.
Who are the teachers we remember most?
Write Action Research Prompts:

1. OBSERVE In assisting my Resource Teacher, I observe that personal traits such as
Empathy, patience, and professional competencies like understanding and clear instructions
were least/not displayed and as a result , students were/class was lack of understanding,
unfocused, because when their teacher is talking in front some of the students are talking, so
that they are losing respect for their teacher and also collaboration and curiosity driven by an
engaging content was also limited because less activities and learning materials was
displayed.
2. REFLECT The lack of these personal traits and professional competencies

(mentioned in #1 maybe caused by students is lack of respect because when I observed some
of the students is using airpods when the teacher is discussing and even when the teacher
remained them to behave they aren’t listening on what the teacher said.
3. PLAN I would like to address this problem (mentioned in #2) by conducting an action
research on Improving Students' Respect Towards Teachers
4. ACT
a. The main objective of my action research is to foster and enhance students' respect
towards their teachers by identifying underlying causes and implementing strategies that
promote respectful behavior in the classroom.
b. My specific research questions are:
1. What are the primary reasons for the disrespect students display towards teachers?
2. What is the effect of a positive relationship between teacher and student on classroom
behavior and learning outcomes?
3. What techniques can be utilized to enhance student respect for teachers, and what is their
level of effectiveness?
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c. To answer my specific research questions, I will:
-Conduct surveys and interviews with both students and teachers to gather insights on the
perceived causes of disrespectful behavior.
-Observe classroom interactions to identify patterns of disrespect and their triggers.
-Implement and evaluate interventions such as respect-building workshops, clear classroom
rules, and positive reinforcement, then assess their effectiveness through feedback and
behavior tracking.
CHECK FOR MASTERY
Direction. Read the questions and choose the letter of the correct answer.
1.Which behavior does a great teacher who can empathize with his/her students. Display?
a)Feels what students feel
b)Expects students to understand his/her feelings.
c)Gives no assignment
d)Makes test easy
2.According to students, a great teacher is “chill”. What does this mean? Teacher is
I.Cool
II. Calm
III. Doesn’t get overwhelmed
a) I, II and III
b) I and II
c) I only
d) I and II
3.Which professional competency refers to content knowledge and pedagogy?

I.Apply developmentally appropriate and meaningful pedagogy grounded on content
knowledge and current research.
II. Display proficiency in Mother Tongue, Filipino and English in the teaching and learning
process.
III. Demonstrate skills in the use of communication strategies, teaching strategies, and
technologies to promote high quality learning.
a)I only
b) il only
c)I and II
d) I, II, and III
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4.To address the diversity of learners, which professional competency must teacher display?
a)Apply interactive teachign
b) Do differentiated teaching
c)Use Problem-based learning
d) Employ Project-based learning
5.In the south east asian teachers competency framework,who is at the center with whom the
professional teacher relates?
a)The professional teacher
b)The school heads
c)The joyful learner

d)The parent/guardian
WORK ON MY ARTEFACTS
Professional and personal attributes were imparted to me.I discovered that utilizing professional
competencies in the classroom fosters a more supportive learning environment for students and
expands their knowledge base, giving them confidence in the knowledge they acquire from the
instructor. Another thing I discovered is that in order to offer or treat your kids appropriately for
their issues, you, as a professional teacher, must identify and attend to all of their needs. I also
discovered that, as aspiring teachers, one of the most crucial parts of our job is always putting the
needs of our children first. It also helps me understand how these two attributes benefit you.
I came to understand that in order to reach the standards of a great teacher, you need to exhibit
specific competencies. It dawned on me as well that possessing these two attributes will make
me a more effective teacher going forward. Additionally, since we will soon be practicing
teaching, it would be excellent if I had these two attributes. They would be very helpful to me. It
will be very helpful to me to develop these abilities, or attributes, through the course I'm now
doing. I'm prepared to put in a lot of effort to strengthen these skills through the course I'm
presently enrolled in, even though I know it won't be simple.
And i will make every effort to develop each competency because, in my opinion, they are all
still in need of improvement and because I want to be a better teacher for my pupils if I can
succeed in each competency. At this point in my prospective career, halfway through, I also want
to possess these attributes. Perhaps not now, but I aspire to possess those attributes soon. To
acquire such attributes, one need just be eager and accepting. I'm willing to try it even if it might
be challenging and see how it goes.
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FIELD STUDY 2
LEARNING EPISODE 2
Embedding Action Research for Reflective Teaching
OCAMPO,MARIA JESUSA S.
6
LEARNING EPISODE Embedding Action
2 Research for Reflective

Teaching
Participate and Assist

Inventory of Sample Action Research Conducted by Teachers
List of Completed Action Research Titles Author/Authors
Ex. Differentiated Instruction in Teaching Mary joy Olicia!
English for Grade 4 classes
Promoting Critical Thinking Skills in Science Karen Lewis and David Harris,2021
Classes Through Inquiry -Based Learning
Improving Student Engagement Through Jane Smith,2020
Collaborative Learning in a High School
Classroom
Improving Reading Comprehension in Low- Jessica Morgan,2018
Performing Students Using Graphic
Organizers
Notice
Based on your activity on Making a List of Completed Action Research Titles, lets find out
what you have noticed by answering the following questions.
Questions My Answer
1. What have you noticed about the action 1. Identified problem to be solved in title
research titles? Do the action research (AR) no. 1
title imply problems to be solved? answer:Student'sreading comprehension.
2. Identified problem to be solved in title
Yes or No no. 2
answer:Level of reading comprehension of
grade 9 students
If Yes, Identify the problems from the title you 3. Identified problem to be solved in title
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have given. Answer in the space provided. no. 3
answer: Knowledge and skills that will
assist students in growing as individuals
while preparing them for the next level in
their academics lives.
2. What interpretation about action Title of the Action Research:
research can you make out oy your answer in - Increasing Reading Comprehension of
question No. 1? Grade ng Students.
By use of interventions based on fluency is a
study that demonstrates how pupils read at
3. Write the Title and your interpretation their reading level. Enhancing oral reading
of the study from the title. fluency was the aim of this action research
project in order to enhance reading
comprehension. Students struggle with both
prosody and reading comprehension accuracy
when it comes to one or more of the three
aspects of oral reading fluency: accuracy,
fluency, and automation.
From the title, I think, the study

Aims to determine how quickly children can
spell words that the teacher tests them on. The
study reveals how many kids have reading
difficulties.
4. What do you think did the author/s do with I think the author/s
the identified problem as presented in their When the problem arises, the authors will
problems? investigate it further and formulate questions.
The researcher will then utilize questionnaires
to collect data from students and compile the
results in order to produce a response.
Analyze:
Action Research seems easy and familiar. Since teaching seems to be full of problematic
situation and that the teacher has responsibility of finding solution for everyday problems in
school, hence teachers should do action research. This is an exciting part of being a teacher, a
problem solver!
Let us continue to examine and analyze what you have noticed and interpreted in the previous
activity.
Key Questions My Answer
Choose from the options given. You may
check more than one answer
1. From what source do you think, did the Choices:
authors identify the problems of their action _______ Copied from research books
research? ✓ From daily observation of their
Teaching Practice
✓ From difficulties they observe of their
learners
_________From their own personal
experience _______ From the told
experiences of their co-teachers
2. What do you think is the teacher’s intention Choices:
in conducting the action research? ✓ To find a solution to a problematic
situation
_______ To comply with the requirement of
the principal
✓ To improve teaching practice
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______ To try out something, if it works
______ To prove oneself as a better than the
others
3. What benefit you get as a student in FS 2 in Choices:

understanding and doing action research? ✓ Prepare me for my future job
______ Get good grades in the course
✓ Improve my teaching practice
✓ Exposure to the realities in the teaching
profession
______ Become a better teacher everyday
4. In what ways, can you assist your mentor in Choices:

his/her Action Research Activity? ✓ By co-researching with my mentor
______ By assisting in the design of the
intervention
✓ By assisting in the implementation of the
AR
______ By just watching what is being done
Reflect:
Based on the readings you made and the previous activities you have done,
1. What significant ideas or concepts have you learned about action research?
Answer:I learned that action research is a cyclical process that helps teachers tackle specific
classroom challenges and enhance their professional practices. It highlights the significance
of reflection and allows educators to connect theory with practice by examining issues as they
arise in their own classrooms. This approach serves as a valuable tool for educators looking
to make meaningful changes in their teaching methods and improve student learning
experiences.
2. Have you realized that there is a need to be an action researcher as a future teacher?
Yes ✓ No ___. If yes, complete the sentence below.
I realized that engaging in Action Research is essential for my development as a future teacher
because it allows me to systematically reflect on my teaching practices, address specific
challenges in the classroom, and adapt my strategies to enhance student learning outcomes
effectively. By committing to this ongoing inquiry process, I can not only improve my own
pedagogical skills but also contribute to creating a supportive and dynamic learning environment
for my students. Additionally, Action Research fosters a culture of continuous improvement and
collaboration, enabling me to learn from colleagues and share valuable insights that can benefit
the educational community as a whole.
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Write Action Research Prompts
OBSERVE
From what teaching principles of theories can this problem be anchored?
I have observed and noticed that Action Research begins with a problem or a problematic
situation.
Answer: The problematic situation that i observed is the lack of respect of the students on
their teacher.
Write an example of a problematic situation that you have observed and noticed.
Answer:
Based on my observations, some students in Sir Janis Palaganas' class do not show proper
respect towards their teacher during discussions, and some of them fail to follow the
instructions given by Sir Janis. Another issue with the students is not having their name tags
on in the classroom, where wearing them is necessary for identification purposes.
REFLECT
What have I realized? What do I hope to achieve?
Answer:What have I realized?
I have realized that a lack of respect from students towards their teacher not only disrupts the
learning environment but also affects the teacher's ability to effectively manage the class and
deliver lessons. It can lead to a negative classroom atmosphere where both learning and
teacher-student relationships are compromised. This issue requires addressing the root causes,
such as communication gaps, behavioral influences, or unclear expectations, to restore mutual
respect.
What do I hope to achieve?

I aim to create a classroom atmosphere that promotes positive communication and successful
learning by maintaining mutual respect between students and the teacher. My goal is to foster
a disciplined, supportive, and engaging environment where students recognize the importance
of respect towards both authority figures and their fellow classmates by confronting
disrespect.
Write a probable solution to the problematic situation above
Answer:
In order to deal with the lack of respect students are showing towards Sir Janis, he can begin
by establishing explicit guidelines for respectful conduct in the classroom. Conducting a
group discussion in class will enable students to share their emotions and learn about the
significance of respect. Sir Janis needs to demonstrate respectful behavior by being kind to
students and paying attention to their concerns. Furthermore, she has the ability to incentivize
students who exhibit respect, establishing positive reinforcement. Ultimately, implementing
appropriate repercussions for rude behavior will assist students in comprehending the gravity
of their actions. Through the utilization of these tactics, Sir Janis can cultivate a classroom
atmosphere that is both respectful and positive.
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PLAN
What strategic activities, innovations can I employ to improve the situation or solve the
problem?
Answer: Several strategic activities can be put into place to enhance the lack of respect that
students show towards their teacher. Initially, conduct frequent classroom gatherings to talk
about emotions and worries, promoting open dialogue. Developing a "Respect Agreement"
with students can help establish anticipated behaviors. Role-playing activities are effective in
aiding students to comprehend the consequences of their choices. Furthermore, the
introduction of social-emotional learning programs can also educate individuals on empathy
and conflict resolution.
In my role as a prospective Action Researcher, I can prepare for a suitable intervention by

introducing a classroom respect program that involves establishing clear guidelines, hosting
open conversations on respect, and incorporating social-emotional learning exercises. This
program will engage students in building a culture of respect in the classroom and equip them
with the necessary skills to show respect towards their teacher and classmates.
ACT
If I conduct or implement my plan, what can be its title?

Answer: Understanding the behavior of students in educational settings
CHECK FOR MASTERY

Direction: Choose the best answer.
1. Every future teacher should do action research because

A. it is a requirement for teachers in the field
B. it will improve teaching practice
C. it will add points to teacher's performance
D. it is part of the teacher's standard
2. Spotting a problematic situation in teaching and learning will

A. spark an idea of doing Teacher Action Research
B. give more confusion to the teacher
C. create complexity in everyday teaching
D. add burden to teacher's daily routine
3. Which of the following statements motivates a teacher to do action research?

A. Any problem that occurs in my class will soon pass.
B. For every teaching-learning problem, there is always a solution.
C. Leave the problematic situation for other teachers to solve.
D. There are more important classroom routines than finding solutions
4. "Every teacher, should be an action researcher." This statement is

A. applicable only for teachers in big schools.
B. not doable and very idealistic.
C. the call for teachers in the current times.
D. appropriate for honor graduates.
5. Which of the following statement is TRUE?

A. Action research problem is created by the teacher.
B. Noticing helps a teacher spot problematic situation.
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C. Much of the teaching time should be spent in action research.
D. Astion research is an optional teacher activity.
Enhancing Academic Performance Through Active Participation in Class among Grade 10

Students in MAPEH at Dagupan City National High School
Abstract
This action research investigates the impact of active participation in class on the academic
performance of Grade 10 students in MAPEH at Dagupan City National High School. The study
aims to determine if increased student engagement through active participation strategies leads
to improved academic outcomes in the subject. The research will utilize a mixed-methods
approach, employing pre- and post-tests to assess academic performance and qualitative data
collection through observations and student surveys to analyze the impact of active participation
strategies. The findings of this research will provide valuable insights for educators on effective
teaching practices to enhance student learning and academic performance in MAPEH.
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FIELD STUDY 2
LEARNING EPISODE 3
Understanding AR, Concept and Models


13
LEARNING EPISODE Understanding AR,
3 Concepts and Models
Notice:
What concepts have been emphasized in the task and infographics? Give at least four.
Since all the three models are all for action research, what are the common elements of the
three?
Analyze:
Choose the AR sample Abstract that you submitted in Episode 2.

• Analyze the components vis-à-vis only model out of the 3 presented.
• If you choose to compare with Model A-McNiff & White head, 2006 , here are the components
Title and Author of the Action Research: Enhancing Academic Performance Through Active
Participation in Classes among Grade 10 Students in
MAPEH at Dagupan City National High School
Key Components Entry from your Sample AR

OBSERVE The Problem:The abstract clearly states the problem: "enhancing the
academic performance of Grade 10 students in MAPEH." It also
mentions the specific context: "Dagupan City National High School."
However, it lacks detail about the specific observed challenges that
prompted the research.
REFLECT Reflection: .The abstract mentions a participatory approach, suggesting

reflection on the part of both students and the researcher. However, it
doesn't explicitly state the researcher's reflections on the observed
problem.
PLAN Plan of Action: The abstract mentions the use of data collection
methods (observations, interviews, and student reflections), which
suggests a plan for gathering information. It also alludes to the
development and implementation of interventions based on the
findings. However, the specific plan of action is not detailed.
ACT Implementation: The abstract mentions the implementation of
interventions, but the specific actions taken are not described.
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Or if you choose the Deped Model, 2017, here are the components.
Title and Author of the Action Research: ‘’ Enhancing Academic Performance Through Active
Participation in Classes among Grade 10 Students in

MAPEH at Dagupan City National High School’’
Key Components Action Research Process
I. Context and Rationale The abstract provides the context (Grade 10

students in MAPEH at Dagupan City National
High School) and the rationale (enhancing
academic performance through active
participation). However, it lacks a detailed
explanation of the specific problem or the
need for this research.
II. Action Research Question The abstract doesn't explicitly state the
research question. It hints at it by mentioning
"identification of challenges" and
"development of strategies," but a clear
research question is missing.
III. Proposed Innovation, Intervention The abstract mentions the use of a
Strategy participatory approach and the development
of interventions based on the findings.
However, it doesn't specify the specific
innovation or intervention strategy.
IV. Action Research Methods o a. Participants/Other Sources of
a. Participants/Other Sources of Data Data: The abstract mentions
b. Data Gathering Methods "students" as participants, but doesn't
c. Data Analysis Plan specify the number or selection
criteria.
o b. Data Gathering Methods: The
abstract mentions observations,
interviews, and student reflections,
which are all relevant methods.
o c. Data Analysis Plan: The abstract
mentions using the findings to develop
interventions, but it doesn't provide a
detailed plan for data analysis.
V. Action Research Work Plan The abstract doesn't include a specific work
plan with timelines or milestones.
VI. Cost Estimate
VII. Plan for Dissemination and Utilization The abstract mentions "implementing
interventions," which suggests a plan for
utilization. However, it doesn't explicitly
mention dissemination plans.
VIII. References
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What have you understood about the concept of Action Research and how will
these be utilize in your practice?
This Action Research involves actively exploring an issue to improve practices, solve problems,
or enhance understanding through a participatory and reflective process. It involves a cyclical
process of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. Knowledge is created through active
participation in an ongoing process, leading to constant enhancements.
Reflect:
As a future teacher, is conducting an Action Research worth doing?
Engaging in Action Research is very advantageous for aspiring teachers. It promotes the
professional development of teachers and improves the educational experiences of both
teachers and students. Through participating in a systematic reflection process, educators can
gain fresh insights and techniques that have a noticeable influence on their teaching methods
and the overall educational outcomes of students. Furthermore, engaging in Action Research
is not just valuable for prospective educators; it is a crucial aspect of career growth. It boosts
critical thinking, encourages teamwork, and tackles genuine educational problems, all while
creating insights that can help both teachers and the broader education community.
Why?
By engaging in reflective practice, educators can develop insights into their instructional
approaches and make adjustments to improve student outcomes. Participating in Action
Research allows future educators to evaluate their performance in real time. How can AR be
useful for every classroom teacher?
Action Research (AR) is highly beneficial for each classroom instructor as it serves as a versatile
educational aid that can greatly help teachers by improving student involvement, promoting
teamwork, and catering to various learning requirements. Using it in the classroom brings new
possibilities for creative teaching methods and enhanced learning experiences.
Write Action Research Prompts:
OBSERVE
Remembering my classroom observation in FS 1, I noticed that there are many
questions that I raised in my mind. These include:
a.Which competencies do educators consistently employ? Is it still effective now days?
b.Poor performance of the students in their behavior
c.What are the strengths and weaknesses of that specific competency?
REFLECT
Thinking deeply about these problems, perhaps something must have done to solve
the problem or answer the questions, like:
a. Which aspect of the topic requires more attention?
b. Which skills require improvement?
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c. What procedures are followed to identify the issues?
PLAN
Note, that I am FS 2, I plan to make a plan for my solution to problem (choose from a, b,
c)
Answer: In order to tackle problem B, I propose addressing the inappropriate
conduct of students, particularly those who show disrespect towards their
teachers.
ACT
My action will come later, given enough time in FS 2 or during my Teaching Internship.
Answer: I intend to finish this behavior and provide solutions for this problem while observing.
CHECK FOR MASTERY
Direction: Check from the choices, what answer/s respond to the question correctly and put an X
if otherwise.
1. Action research requires a teacher to be:
✓observant of what is happening in the classroom.
✓asking one self of how to improve teaching.
Xfollowing the daily routine all the time.
✓finding ways on how children should learn better
Xblaming learners for their inability to learn.
2. There are many ways of doing action research which follow a cyclical process. The process
include:
✓Observe, Reflect, Plan, Act
XObserve, Plan, Act, Reflect
XReflect, Act, Plan, Observe
XPlan, Observe, Act, Reflect
XModify, Observe, Plan, Reflect
3. As an action researcher, I will be developing my skill as a person who is
✓Systematic
✓Reflective
✓Rigorous
✓Futuristic
✓Situational
4. On which of the following would you choose to conduct an Action Research. Why?
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✓Changes in the classroom practices. Why?
XEffects of curriculum restructuring. Why?
✓Understanding of self as a teacher. Why?
✓Teaching a new process to the students. Why?
5. Which of the following relates closely to what action research is?
✓Used to address practical problems in the classroom
✓Refers only to everyday life of the learners
✓Allows teachers to study their own classroom
✓Brings theories and practices together
• If you choose to compare with Model B-Nelson, O. 2014, here are the components
Title and Author of the Action Research:
Key Components Entry from your Sample AR

OBSERVE The Problem: The investigator discovered that a significant portion of my
tenth grade students can read fluently, yet struggle with responding to "how"
and "why" queries. I am aiming for my students to be able to apply higher
order thinking skills in order to make connections and relate to what they are
reading. This is crucial for a child to achieve success. I believe that by
teaching students reading strategies and guiding them in reflecting on their
reading, we can enhance their reading comprehension and help them become
lifelong learners.
REFLECT Reflection: My project's main focus is enhancing Reading Comprehension
by utilizing Higher Order Thinking Skill Activities. The researcher believes
that without a strong foundation in reading skills, children will face
difficulties during their schooling and adult life. The researcher aims to give
students a strong foundation for success by mastering effective
comprehension strategies and learning how to effectively teach them to
students.
PLAN Plan of Action: The research examined the PHIL-IRI evaluation outcome for
the academic year 2011-2012 through the post test and National
Achievement Test (NAT). The current study will examine various reading
strategies in order to enhance reading comprehension. This study
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demonstrates that predicting, forming connections, visualizing, inferring,
questioning, and summarizing can enhance reading comprehension.
ACT Implementation: The Metacomprehension Strategy Index consisted of 25
questions separated into three sections inquiring about the techniques
students utilized to enhance their comprehension of the narrative. MSI's first
part involves strategies used before reading a story, the second part involves
strategies used during reading, and the third part involves strategies used
after reading.
Or if you choose the Deped Model, 2017, here are the components.
Title and Author of the Action Research: (the same entry in Model A)
Key Components Action Research Process
I. Context and Rationale Dagupan City National High School

(DCNHS) is a public high school with a
diverse student population. The MAPEH
(Music, Arts, Physical Education, and Health)
subject is crucial for holistic development, but
student engagement and academic
performance in this area have been a concern.
Research suggests that active participation in

class is a powerful tool for enhancing student
learning and academic performance. This
action research aims to address the challenge
of low student engagement in MAPEH at
DCNHS by exploring the impact of active
participation strategies.
II. Action Research Question 1. What are the specific active participation
strategies that can be implemented in
MAPEH classes?
2. How do these strategies affect student

engagement and motivation?
3. What are the perceptions of students and

teachers regarding the effectiveness of these
strategies?
III. Proposed Innovation, Intervention o Group Work and Collaborative

Strategy Learning: Students will work in small
groups on projects, discussions, and
problem-solving activities related to
MAPEH concepts.
o Interactive Games and
Activities: Engaging games and
activities will be incorporated into
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lessons to make learning more
interactive and fun.
o Student Presentations and
Demonstrations: Students will be
encouraged to present their learning
and demonstrate their skills in front of
the class.
o Peer Teaching and
Feedback: Students will have
opportunities to teach and provide
feedback to their peers, fostering a
collaborative learning environment.
o Real-World Application: Lessons
will be linked to real-world scenarios
and experiences to make learning
more relevant and engaging.
IV. Action Research Methods Participants/Other Sources of Data:

d. Participants/Other Sources of Data
e. Data Gathering Methods Participants: Grade 10 students enrolled in
f. Data Analysis Plan MAPEH at DCNHS.
Other Sources of Data: Teacher

observations, student surveys, and pre- and
post-tests.
Data Gathering Methods:
Pre- and Post-Tests: Standardized tests will

be administered before and after the
implementation of active participation
strategies to measure academic performance.
Observations: Teachers will observe student

behavior and participation in class during the
intervention period.
Student Surveys: Questionnaires will be

used to gather student feedback on their
perceptions of the active participation
strategies and their learning experience.
Data Analysis Plan:
Quantitative Data: Pre- and post-test scores

will be compared using statistical analysis to
determine the impact of the intervention.
Qualitative Data: Observations and survey

responses will be analyzed thematically to
identify patterns and insights into student
engagement and perceptions.
V. Action Research Work Plan . In what ways can interactive teaching methods
enhance student involvement in theoretical
MAPEH classes, specifically in Music and
Health?
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VI. Cost Estimate The total cost of the project accounts for
buying music composition software and
educational apps ($50), purchasing materials
for Health role-playing scenarios ($20), and
allocating a budget for PE game equipment
($30). The approximate total cost is around
$100.
VII. Plan for Dissemination and Utilization The findings from this action research will be
presented to other MAPEH teachers at a
department meeting. I will create a report that
showcases how interactive learning strategies
are effective in MAPEH classrooms, and this
report will be passed on to the school
administration. In addition, I intend to
develop a presentation for fellow teachers at
the school to encourage them to implement
similar strategies in different subjects.
VIII. References References will include:
- Smith, J. (2015). Active Learning Strategies
in Music Education. Journal of Music
Education.
- Johnson, L. (2017). Engaging Students in
Health Education: Role Play as a
Pedagogical Tool. Health Education Review.
- Phelps, T. (2016). The Benefits of Game-
Based Learning in Physical Education.
Journal of PE and Sports Science.
21
FIELD STUDY 2
Observation of Teaching in Actual school Environment
LEARNING EPISODE 4
Matching Problematic Learning Situation with Probable Action
Ma’am EMILITA S. GALSIM

22
LEARNING EPISODE Matching Problematic
4 Learning Situation with

Probable Action
What five problems have you identifies from the words that you have encircled? Make a
statement. Write in the space below.
The problems I identified are:
1. Absenteeism: Frequent absenteeism makes it hard for students to keep up with

lessons.
2. Financial: Some students struggle with their studies because of financial difficulties.
3. Lack of comprehension: Many learners have trouble understanding complex

concepts in class.
4. Wi-Fi: Poor Wi-Fi connection can disrupt online learning and make it difficult to
complete assignments.
5. Bullying: Bullying affects students' emotional well-being and can impact their
academic performance.
How can you assist your mentor, after knowing that the learners have difficulty in
comprehension? In order to help my mentor address students' difficulties in understanding
the material, I would start by providing additional resources and assistance to those who have
missed class due to absences, making sure they catch up on any missed lessons. I will seek
out no-cost or low-cost educational materials to help individuals dealing with financial
challenges. In order to tackle common understanding difficulties, I would collaborate with
my mentor to simplify complicated ideas by utilizing visual aids and interactive techniques.
For students who have limited Wi-Fi access, I recommend offering offline options like
printed materials or downloadable resources. Finally, I would assist in cultivating a
supportive atmosphere by advocating for anti-bullying tactics, promoting kindness, and
promptly addressing bullying concerns to protect students' emotional health and enhance their
academic concentration.
Make a choice for your ACTION.
A. Conduct a tutorial lesson
B. Show video lessons to help enhance comprehension.
C. Make a learning task to develop comprehension.
23
Suppose you choose letter A. Conduct a Tutorial. So you have identified the SOLUTION
that matches the PROBLEM which is Difficulty in Comprehension.
The problem is: The Action is:
Difficulty in Conduct a Tutorial

Comprehension Of
Reading
The Action of Difficulty in Compression of Reading

1. Target all comprehesnsion of language
2. Teach Vocabulary
3. Teach thingking Strategies
4. Have student’s practice reciprocal teaching
5. Directly teach comprehension skills
Can you also choose letter B: Show video lesson as a SOLUTION for the same
PROBLEM? Explain: You can also give them another option which is providing videos
regarding tips and techniques about reading with understanding.
Difficulty in
Show video lessons
Comprehension
Here is the link to be use https://youtu.be/i8oDLO7GPsk?si=DZ0zU1KX1FnQTiY1
What about letter C as a SOLUTION to the same PROBLEM? Why?
Difficulty in Make learning task to

Comprehension Improve comprehension
To help struggling students makes the critical reading gains they need, consider incorporating this tips
into everday instructional plan
1. Offer the right level of scaffolding at the right time
2. Provide systematic and cumulative instruction
3. Engage in multisensory activities
4. Supplies at-home resources for parents
5. Motivate and reward succes
Notice
24
What have you noticed of the problem identified above? Can be there be more than one
solution to the problem?
Explain: I have observed that issues such as skipping classes, poor understanding, internet
connectivity problems, harassment, and money troubles can create challenges for students in
their learning journey. These issues frequently impact one another, such as how absenteeism
from school can result in difficulty grasping academic material, or financial hardships can restrict
the ability to connect to Wi-Fi for virtual education. Bullying can also damage a student's self-
esteem and concentration. Indeed, it is possible to have multiple solutions for these issues. For
instance, schools can provide make-up lessons or online alternatives in order to decrease
absenteeism. Teachers can provide easier explanations or additional practice to aid in
understanding. For problems with Wi-Fi, we can offer offline resources and tackle bullying
through anti-bullying initiatives and assistance. Assistance with finances may be provided
through scholarships or complimentary school materials. Various methods can assist in
addressing these challenges more effectively.
Analyze
Let us try to look into following scenarios in the daily life of a teacher. This scenario
might also be similar to the class you have observed and noticed.
Scenario A: Miss Fely is employed as a fourth grade teacher in a standard elementary school.
Her classroom has a total of forty students. Half of them cannot differentiate between vertebrate
and invertebrate animals. She has been reviewing the same science lesson for two weeks, yet no
progress has been observed. Miss Fely has been bothered by this circumstance.
Can you identify, Miss Fely’s problem? Miss Fely is facing an issue where even after
spending two weeks teaching the same science lesson about categorizing animals as either
vertebrates or invertebrates, half of her class still does not understand the concept. This
shows that her current teaching strategy is not working for those students, and she is having
difficulty in discovering a method that helps all of her students in their learning journey..
Can you find a solution to solve her problem? Give your two suggestions.
Here are two simple solutions for Miss Fely's problem:
1. Use Animal Pictures or Models:

Miss Fely might give students pictures or small models of different animals to physically
sort them into groups as vertebrates or invertebrates. This engaging activity can assist in
providing more clarity and engaging participants to a greater extent.
2. Group Work with Peer Learning:

She can match students who grasp the material with those who are having difficulty,
enabling them to gain knowledge from each other through conversations and tasks.
What solution can solve Miss Fely’s problem?

Miss Fely's problem can be solved by changing the teaching approach to incorporate
hands-on activities.
Instead of repeating the lesson, Miss Fely can integrate interactive activities like sorting
images or models of animals into vertebrates and invertebrates. She possessed the skill to
create a simple game or quiz to promote student involvement in the learning process.How?
Visual and kinesthetic learners can gain by observing and interacting with animals (via
images or replicas), making the intangible idea more tangible.
Are they matched with the problem? Indeed, this solution specifically targets the issue of
students failing to grasp the lesson even after it has been repeated. Miss Fely can
25
accommodate various learning styles and involve students who struggle with traditional
teaching methods by implementing a more interactive approach.
Scenario B:
Sir Ryan instructs students in a low-income city area. The majority of his students arrive.from
families that are in disarray, whether due to having only one parent or guardians stepping in as
parental figures. They lack the essential requirements of food, clothing, and shelter.
Can you identify the most probable teaching-learning problem/s in the class of Sir Ryan?
Potential problems in Sir Ryan's class may involve insufficient attention and participation, low
academic achievement, along with students struggling with motivation and experiencing
behavioral and emotional challenges..
Can you propose a solution to solve one of the problems that you have identified?
Here are three simple solutions to address Lack of Focus and Engagement in Sir Ryan's
class:
1. Incorporate Short, Interactive Activities:

Sir Ryan has the ability to divide lessons into smaller segments and incorporate
enjoyable, interactive components such as group discussions, games, or practical
activities to maintain students' engagement and concentration..
2. Establish a Consistent Routine:
Maintaining a regular daily routine can provide structure, enhancing students' feelings of
security and focus. Establishing a routine can reduce stress and distractions, resulting in
improved concentration during class.
3. Use Positive Reinforcement:
Sir Ryan encourages students by acknowledging minor achievements and providing simple
rewards, like stickers or additional recess time. This may boost their confidence and inspire
them to stay engaged in their academic pursuits.
Reflect
After reading the two scenarios given above, how would identifying problematic
situations and finding solutions to these problems help you to become a better teacher?
Answer Recognizing challenging circumstances, like those faced by Miss Fely and Sir Ryan,
is essential for teacher development since it allows educators to effectively meet the varied
needs of their students. Miss Fely's struggle with half of her students failing to grasp animal
classification underscores the necessity of adjusting teaching techniques to accommodate
various learning preferences. At the same time, Sir Ryan's interactions with students from
challenging family backgrounds emphasize the importance of recognizing socio-economic
obstacles that influence education. Teachers can cultivate inclusive settings that enhance
student involvement and enthusiasm by identifying and tackling these challenges with
specific strategies. In the end, adopting this proactive strategy improves student academic
success and boosts their emotional and social health, leading to educators who are more
skilled and understanding.
Using any one example of problems in this activity, answer the AR prompts that follow:
OBSERVE
OBSERVE
26
What problematic situation prevails in the classroom?
Answer : Students struggle to focus on their studies because of a lack of educational resources.
REFLECT
What changes do you want to achieve?

Answer: I hope for my students to enhance their productivity and passion for learning while
pursuing new experiences.
PLAN
What strategies will you use to improve the situation?

Answer: Maybe I could develop more educational materials, like using creative design to inspire
students to participate more actively in their learning.
ACT
What would be the title of your Action Research should you conduct on the study?
Answer: Insufficient educational materials resulting in students' low academic achievement.
Add: Solutions / Actions:
Answer: To address the students' inadequate academic results due to insufficient educational
resources, schools must implement targeted interventions. Initially, it is essential to identify the
lacking materials by gathering feedback from both students and teachers. After schools grasp the
needs, they can assess the resources they possess at present. They ought to request assistance
from local businesses and organizations to collect funds or contributions for essential materials.
Check for Mastery
Here are some problematic situations in the teaching-learning environment as

observed and experienced by the teachers. Match the problems listed in Column A in
corresponding probable solutions in Column B. You may use the letter once, more than once,
or not at all.
Problematic Situations Probable Solutions/ Actions

F1. Connectivity for Online learning A. Rearrange classroom setting
A2. Disruptive Classroom Behavior B. Maximized use of varied instructional

materials
D3. Poor interest and motivation C. Regular parent-teachers circles
C4. Parental non-involvement D. Use of rewards
G5. At risk-students E. Group studies and Study Buddies
F. Use of Flexible Learning
G. Silent Reading Exercises
27
I. Title of Action Research " The Influence of Reading Aloud on Students'
Comprehension and Engagement’’
II. Author 's
Maria Jesusa S. Ocampo
This research examines the impact of reading out loud on students' comprehension and reading
engagement levels. The study was conducted in a middle school classroom where students
showed a lack of interest and had difficulty understanding difficult reading materials. The goal
was to determine if frequent oral reading can improve understanding and engagement. Data
was collected by observing, giving comprehension tests, and asking for feedback from
students. The findings showed that students' understanding of the material and enthusiasm for
reading tasks significantly increased when reading aloud. This research highlights the
effectiveness of reading aloud in improving comprehension and promoting a more interactive
learning environment.IV.Identify the Problem in the Study.
The issue discovered in this research was that students were having difficulties with
understanding what they read and were not actively participating in reading tasks. Numerous
students struggled with comprehending intricate texts, leading them to lose interest and lack
motivation in reading activities. Their overall performance in reading assignments and
classroom discussions was being negatively impacted by their lack of understanding and
engagement.
III.Abstract
This research examines the impact of reading out loud on students' comprehension and reading
engagement levels. The study was conducted in a middle school classroom where students
showed a lack of interest and had difficulty understanding difficult reading materials. The goal
was to determine if frequent oral reading can improve understanding and engagement. Data
was collected by observing, giving comprehension tests, and asking for feedback from
students. The findings showed that students' understanding of the material and enthusiasm for
reading tasks significantly increased when reading aloud. This research highlights the
effectiveness of reading aloud in improving comprehension and promoting a more interactive
learning environment.IV.Identify the Problem in the Study.
The issue discovered in this research was that students were having difficulties with
understanding what they read and were not actively participating in reading tasks. Numerous
students struggled with comprehending intricate texts, leading them to lose interest and lack
motivation in reading activities. Their overall performance in reading assignments and
classroom discussions was being negatively impacted by their lack of understanding and
engagement.
V.Identify the Action Taken in the Study
The study involved implementing regular reading aloud sessions in the classroom. In these
classes, the instructor would read out loud to the pupils with varying volume and tone in her
voice and would stop to clarify any challenging terms or ideas. Students were also urged to
take turns reading out loud in small groups to support peer learning and boost participation.
After every session, comprehension quizzes were administered, and engagement was
monitored through classroom observations and student feedback. These tactics were designed
to enhance students' comprehension of the text while also creating a more engaging and
interactive reading experience.
28
FIELD STUDY 2
LEARNING EPISODE 5
Preparing the learning environment: An overview

(Field Study 2 Adviser
29
LEARNING EPISODE Preparing the Learning
5 Environment: An
Overview
What will you do to assist your mentor in setting up a conducive learning

environment in the following conditions?
a) Bulletin Board Display –

 Topic
 Create a canvas for your bulletin board
 Pick engaging images to feature on the display
 Create a title
 Gather academic information to feature on the bulletin board
 Add elements
b) Small Group Discussion –

I would recommend having students break into small groups to collectively discuss a
prompt given by the instructor. Teams frequently select a member to share key points
from their conversation with the whole class. Organizing a well-structured small-
group discussion may require additional preparation but can offer a more meaningful
and inclusive experience for students.
c) Checking class attendance in virtual classroom (i.e. google meet or zoom) –
We can use now different methods on getting the attendance of the

students like Google form; Google Form is one of the best ways to track
student attendance during virtual classes. You can create an attendance
sheet in the google form and distribute it with the class. The class will self-
report the attendance sheet with the timestamp.
Notice
Learning Environment 1:
What have you noticed of the display in the class bulletin board? What message or theme
does it convey?
Its appeal is high; the colors and design match the wall color perfectly.I can assert that the
bulletin board fulfills its role as it effectively communicates its intention, which is to keep
students informed about the full list of students, cleaners, classroom officers, and much more.
30
What makes it attractive to the learners?
I believe the design and its color
Does it help in the learning process? How?

Indeed, they grow more inventive with each activity, which also assists them in being aware
and informed about what they should learn and recall that is showcased on the bulletin boards.
Learning Environment 2:
 If the teacher is using a distance delivery of learning through the modules, where
is most likely the learning space of the students?
Google Meet is most likely the learning space of the students
 Can you describe?

It is a type of software application that allows dozens of people like students.
businessman and other organizations to join the same virtual meeting in their most
convenient time. It is also cheaper than the other applications online.
 How can you as a teacher help to make such environment conducive for learning?
I think I can help the students to make such environment conducive for learning by
using virtual software applications, expanding their options and giving them
opportunity to learn either online class or face-to face. We are now in era where we
also consider the relevance of digital.
Analyze
The examples above describe two contrasting situations. The first shows that the learners are
in the same room or space while in the second, the learners maybe in different learning spaces
like homes, study hubs or in extreme cases parks or under the trees.
As a teacher, in which of the two situations would you prefer to manage for learning?
Choose between Learning Environment 1 or Environment 2. When I became a teacher, I
would be ready too verse learning. Why?
I believe my choice will be the learning Environment 1, which is the classroom setup, because I
now recognize the challenges faced by both students and teachers in teaching concepts that
require visual and experiential learning, similar to laboratory subjects and OJTs. It simplifies
things for both students and teachers since they can easily watch one another, making studying
less challenging.
Reflect
Based on my noticing and analysis, I realized that
a) The situation and the topics above are very now and it's relevant to know.
b) It affects not just the students but also the teachers.
c) We can expand the learning options of the students.

VE
31
What probable problem may result from the two situations of the learning environment?
I think the probable problem is that how sure the teacher that his/her students are learned using
this two learning environment.
REFLECT
What solutions can I think of to solve the problem?
Always observe the struggles and progress of every student. Make sure that every quarter, the
students should pass the activity shows that he/she did the task. And to be able to do that, you
need to inform students that they are also need to reflect on how well they are and they plans
to have a good and heathy environment.
PLAN
How should I do it?
How should I do it? First thing you should to be preparing a pre-test and post test to determine
the knowledge of the students before and after the school year or sem. always check their
activities and also provide options on what learnings they want. Always consider their choice
and respect it
CHECK FOR MASTERY
Choose the best answer from the options given.
1. Learning environment is only confined to a specific place called schools. This statement is
A. true
B. false
C. doubtful
D. cannot be determined
2. What kind of learning happens anytime, anyplace and anywhere?
A. Traditional learning
B. On-line learning
C. Hybrid learning
D. Face-to-Face learning
3. In which situation can learners learn with more physical presence and intervention of the
teacher?
A. Face-to-Face
B. Virtual
C. On-line
D. All of the above
4. Which of the two kinds of learning environment encourages independence and self-
management of the learners? Why?
A. Face-to-Face, because there is always the presence of the teacher who will give guidance to
the learner.
B. Virtual/On-line, because the learners are given time to learn on their own and progress at their
own rate.
C. Both, because they can always shift from one modality to another.
D. Face-to-Face because there is always the need of a teacher in a classroom all the time
5. If on-line or virtual learning environment is not applicable, the traditional face-to-face or in-
school will continue. How will you improve the physical learning environment?
32
A. Use tables with chairs to allow cooperative learning.
B. Provide learning spaces or corners for independent study.
C. Give credits to success than failures.
D. A, B and C
Work on my Artifacts
In not less than 300 words, write an essay in the topic: “My Supportive Learning
Atmosphere”
"My Supportive Learning Atmosphere" By: Maria Jesusa S. Ocampo
To begin with, the physical arrangement of my study space significantly influences my ability to
concentrate and absorb information effectively. The perfect study area for me is an interruption-
free zone and preferably a quiet section of my home. This space features a spacious workstation,
a cozy chair, and sufficient lighting to foster a soothing atmosphere that promotes focus. I take
the time to organize my materials so that my digital gadgets, notebooks, and textbooks are all
readily accessible and properly cared for. By maintaining a tidy environment, I can minimize
distractions and keep my mind alert, thereby boosting productivity.
When establishing a positive learning setting, the emotional climate holds equal significance to
the physical space. I recognize that my mindset significantly influences my learning results. I
incorporate mindfulness activities such as deep breathing and brief meditation practices into my
daily schedule to foster a positive emotional environment. I discover that these methods assist
me in maintaining concentration and minimizing stress during my study sessions. Furthermore, I
acknowledge small achievements and set achievable academic objectives to foster a feeling of
success that maintains my motivation. I can gain insights from failures by maintaining a growth
mindset, which enhances my determination and toughness. Ultimately, the social interactions
within my educational setting are invaluable. Engaging with mentors and classmates fosters
collaborative learning and offers a variety of perspectives on various topics. Group study
sessions and discussions allow me to share ideas, alleviate worries, and enhance my
understanding of complex topics. I actively pursue feedback from my teachers and peers, which
promotes a sense of unity and encouragement among us while also boosting my understanding.
In conclusion, I would characterize my ideal learning environment as a harmonious blend of

nurturing social relationships, emotional equilibrium, and organized physical space. I have
created a setting that promotes academic achievement, personal growth, and a lifelong passion
for learning through thoughtful selection of these elements. This comprehensive approach
provides me with the assurance and enthusiasm to tackle challenges, making my academic
experience rewarding and enjoyable.
33
FIELD STUDY 2
LEARNING EPISODE 6
Enhancing a Face-to-Face Learning Environment.

34
LEARNING EPISODE
Enhancing a Face-to-
6 Face Learning
Environment
Given the concepts and the infographic, how can you participate and assist in a face-to-
face learning environment?
Answer: To successfully take part in and support a face-to-face learning setting, it is crucial
to involve students both cognitively and emotionally, utilize interactive teaching methods,
and foster a vibrant classroom environment. Techniques like employing audience response
systems, integrating active learning, and promoting collaborative learning experiences can
greatly improve the learning atmosphere.
Notice
Having been exposed to the traditional classrooms in your basic education, it seems that
everything is familiar. However, as teaching-learning theories evolve over time there are
changes that are taking place.
What changes have you noticed in the face-to-face classroom spaces?
Classroom Environment Before Classroom Environment Now

Classrooms frequently had a more formal and Educators use a range of teaching strategies,
conventional setup, with desks lined up in such as teamwork, discussions, and project-
rows directed towards the teacher. oriented learning, facilitating greater student
involvement.
Instructors mainly relied on direct teaching, There is an increased emphasis on social-
offering few chances for teamwork or group emotional learning and building a positive
work. classroom environment, which involves
promoting respect and communication..
There was reduced attention on student well- Students enjoy increased chances for peer
being and social-emotional learning, with engagement, analytical thinking, and
greater emphasis placed on academic involvement in influencing the classroom
achievement. setting via discussions and cooperative tasks.
Desks are frequently organized in adaptable
The use of technology was scarce, typically group layouts, facilitating teamwork and
restricted to textbooks, whiteboards, and engaging learning experiences.
projectors.
Analyze
What do you think brought the changes in the face-to-face learning environment now?
35
Answer: These alterations indicate a movement towards greater student-focused education
and an emphasis on comprehensive growth, improving both the academic and emotional
health of learners.
From the changes that you identified, choose one that you can do. How will you do it?
Answer: In order to emphasize comprehensive development in the classroom, I will include

activities and teaching methods that cater to not only academic progress but also the emotional,
social, and physical health of students. Here’s how I will implement it:
1. Social-Emotional Learning (SEL):

I will incorporate SEL activities into the daily routine, including reflective journaling, group
talks on empathy, and mindfulness exercises to assist students in managing stress and emotions.
This will assist students in cultivating emotional intelligence and self-awareness.
2. Collaborative Learning:
I will encourage collaboration by giving group assignments and promoting peer reviews. This
encourages communication, collaboration, and problem-solving abilities, assisting students in
their social and intellectual development.
3. Physical Well-being:
Frequent brief pauses for movement, stretching, or quick exercises will be included to enhance
physical health and boost concentration during classes.
4. Creativity and Critical Thinking:
I will incorporate imaginative activities such as art assignments, problem-solving tasks, and
open-ended inquiries that encourage students to think critically and express their ideas.
5. Character Education:
I will highlight the significance of values like respect, responsibility, and kindness by addressing
them in class and acknowledging positive behavior. This will aid in the ethical and moral growth
of students.
Reflect
Do you think making the learning environment conducive for a face-to-face classroom
will enable learners to achieve better learning outcomes? _________ Explain your
answer.
-Improved learning outcomes in in-person classes rely on creating a nurturing educational
atmosphere. Students gain from more interactive and effective learning settings that promote
social development and emotional health while also enhancing academic achievement.
Additionally, creating a nurturing learning atmosphere is crucial for teachers aiming to
enhance learning results in conventional classroom environments, as it fosters not only
academic achievement but also the overall growth of students.
.

OBSERVE
What common problem have I noticed in a face-to-face learning environment?

Answer: I have observed that students frequently struggle with focus and engagement during
classes, impacting their participation and overall performance.
Can I translate this problem into a question?
Answer: What strategies can I use to enhance student participation and concentration during
in-person classes?
36
REFLECT
How would I solve the problem?
Answer: I would address the issue by including additional interactive elements like group
projects, practical learning, and utilizing technology to enhance lesson engagement. I will also
incorporate brief pauses for physical activity to assist students in regaining focus.
Will it improve my teaching? How?
Answer: Indeed, it will enhance my teaching by making my lessons more engaging and
interactive. Students who are involved are more inclined to engage, leading to a more dynamic
and productive educational atmosphere. Furthermore, it will assist me in addressing the varied
requirements of my students by integrating various instructional approaches..
PLAN
What will I do to solve the problem? Describe briefly how you will do it.
Answer: I will start by adjusting my lesson plans to incorporate diverse activities, including
group dialogues, project-oriented assignments, and tech-driven learning resources like engaging
quizzes and videos. I will additionally incorporate frequent brief breaks for physical activities or
mindfulness practices to support student concentration. Furthermore, I will gather input from
students to assess the success of these approaches and modify them if necessary.
CHECK FOR MASTERY
Choose the best answer from the options given.
1. In the face-to-face learning environment, the most critical elements is/are the
A. arrangement of chairs and tables.
B. physical, psychological and social considerations
C. teacher and student interactions
D. None of the above
2. The traditional classroom spaces are still considered valid and effective for as long as these
conditions exist. What are these conditions?
I. There should be one teacher to one student ratio.
II. Chairs should be fixed in such a way that they cannot be removed.
III. The presence of the teacher is needed in a given time to guide learning.
IV. All students should be heard in class discussion.
A. I & II
B. II & III
C. I & IV
D. III & IV
3. The best instructional material in the traditional classroom is the

A. blackboard
B. computer
C. teacher
D. bulletin board
4. Outdoor activities like group games, scavenger hunt and the like provide a positive
A. psychological environment
B. social environment
37
C. physical environment
D. cognitive development
5. It is observed that different classrooms have different arrangements of chairs, tables and
benches because of
A. school budget
B. different purposes
C. delivery of supply
D. donations received
Work on my artifacts
Visit a school, where the learning environment is face-to-face. Prepare a detailed report
describing the face-to-face learning environment in terms of the three components:
Physical Environment
• Is the space inside the room more than enough for learners to move about?
Answer: Indeed, I believe the area is sufficient.
Does the room arrangement match with teaching-learning principles? Are there
several room arrangements in the school?
Answer:Yes
• Are the visual displays attractive and so they stimulate learning?

Answer: Indeed, appealing visual presentations can significantly boost learning by
capturing students' attention and enhancing understanding.
• Are the school premises safe and is the classroom space free from hazards?
Answer: Yes, I believe DCNHS is quite secure and devoid of any dangers.
Are the learners comfortable in terms of light and ventilation?
Answer: Yes, I am quite certain that the light and airflow are pleasant.
Psychological Environment
•Are there sets of rules and procedures followed? What are these?
Answer: I think not, as the other students fail to follow the rules, like respecting teachers and
cleaning the room before departing, among other things.
•Are there sets of expectations that can motivate the learners to learn?
Answer: Indeed, there are groups of expectations that can inspire learners to engage in
learning.
•Are these observable in the classroom?
- Classroom atmosphere based on trust, cooperation and empathy

________-
- Modeling of positive attitude, respectful behavior, constructive actions
_______
- Avoidance of ridicule, sarcasm, superiority in the classroom

______
- Opportunities for learners to share their experiences and learning with each other
______
Answer: No , because not all of them is not observable.
Social Environment
• Are there opportunities for positive interaction inside the classroom?

Answer: No because they are lack of respect
• Are there outdoor activities that foster friendship, camaraderie and cooperation?
38
Answer: Yes, they have different camps that also build their social skills and
friendship to other.
• How are individual needs and differences considered?
Answer: The students is lack of respect and they are not listening to their teacher.
PORTFOLIO ENTRY
Title: The In-Person Learning Setting:
Describe the physical environment: The school's physical setting encompasses all the
concrete elements of the campus that enhance the educational experience. This generally
encompasses classrooms, corridors, libraries, and labs where students learn and participate in
scholarly activities. It also includes outdoor areas such as playgrounds, sports fields, and
gardens, which offer spaces for physical activities and leisure. The design, lighting,
cleanliness, and safety aspects of the school contribute to the physical environment, impacting
how comfortable and supportive the space is for learning. Moreover, the furniture, technology,
and materials present, like desks, computers, and books, significantly influence the overall
learning atmosphere.
Describe the psychological environment: The psychological climate of a school pertains to

the mental and emotional ambiance that students, teachers, and staff experience. It is
influenced by the connections, mindsets, and support networks in the school community. A
constructive psychological atmosphere encompasses feelings of safety, respect, and
inclusivity, where students sense that they are appreciated, comprehended, and motivated to
share their thoughts. It cultivates an environment of reciprocal support, understanding, and
encouragement, enabling students to trust in their skills and embrace intellectual challenges.
This setting fosters mental health, alleviates stress, and supports a growth mindset, viewing
mistakes as chances for learning. On the other hand, a detrimental psychological atmosphere
could be marked by anxiety, fear of not succeeding, harassment, or isolation, which can
obstruct students' emotional and educational growth.
Describe the social environment: The school's social environment pertains to the
interactions, relationships, and social dynamics between students, teachers, and staff. It
encompasses how individuals interact, work together, and build friendships, along with the
feeling of belonging and community present in the school. A constructive social atmosphere is
marked by respect, inclusiveness, and collaboration, where students assist each other and
experience a sense of connection. It promotes collaboration, strong peer connections, and
constructive interactions among students and teachers, fostering a sense of togetherness.
Schools that foster a vibrant social atmosphere typically feature clubs, activities, and events
that promote social interaction and involvement. Conversely, an unfavorable social
atmosphere might include cliques, harassment, or social isolation, which can influence
students' health and academic success.
39
Learning Episode Making On-line or
7 Virtual Learning
Environment Safe and
Conducive
Notice
Unlike the traditional face-to-face environment, online or virtual environment is a bit difficult
to manage. It is because Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) is imaginary and not in the
physical sense. It has no corners or walls and it can be set up with the support of technology.
As a teacher, what have you discovered to be easy to implement in your virtual class?
Answer: As an aspiring educator, I’ve realized that structuring lessons and distributing resources
is straightforward in an online classroom. Utilizing platforms such as Google Classroom or
Zoom makes it easy to share assignments, facilitate discussions, and interact with students.
Incorporating interactive activities such as quizzes or polls is straightforward, allowing students
to remain engaged and connected during online learning.
How did the students show their active participation in the lesson?
Answer: Students demonstrate their engagement in the lesson by posing inquiries, taking part in
discussions, and finishing assignments or tasks. They participate by answering questions,
collaborating with peers in group tasks, and expressing their opinions or concepts. Moreover,
they maintain concentration, engage with the lesson, and show comprehension through tasks or
tests.
Analyze
Which of the following is/are your analysis/analyses of on-line learning environment?

Check one or more.
✓It was difficult to observe physical behavior of the students.

✓It takes time for students to learn how to use the platform.
✓Students who are alone in their home space find difficulty to make responses.
✓Internet connectivity is a great factor to support a conductive environment.
Reflect
As a future teacher I feel that the on-line learning environment can be safe if
Answer: As an aspiring educator, I believe that the online learning space can be secure if explicit
rules for respectful conduct are established and appropriate security protocols are implemented.
This involves utilizing secure platforms, safeguarding students' privacy, and overseeing
interactions to deter bullying or unsuitable content. Promoting open dialogue and making sure
40
that students feel appreciated and supported can contribute to establishing a positive and secure
online learning environment.
I think that teaching is virtual learning environment is _______

Answer: I believe that instructing in a virtual learning setting is adaptable and convenient,
though it also presents difficulties. It enables students to study from any location and provides
educators with access to numerous digital resources. Nonetheless, it demands strong
organizational skills, effective communication, and creativity to maintain student engagement
and guarantee that everyone remains on course.
OBSERVE
Identify the problem brought about by the online learning environment…
Answer: A challenge posed by the online learning environment is the absence of in-person
interaction, making it more difficult for students to maintain engagement and connection.
Technical problems, like unstable internet connection, can also interfere with education.
Moreover, certain students might face challenges with managing their time and staying
motivated without the framework of a physical classroom.
REFLECT
How would you solve this problem?
Answer: To address the deficiency of in-person interaction in the online learning setting, I would
implement more engaging tools such as video conferencing, breakout sessions, and collaborative
projects to promote student involvement and social bonding. To address technical difficulties,
offering offline materials, recorded classes, or adjustable due dates can assist students dealing
with connectivity challenges. To tackle time management and motivation, I would establish clear
expectations, offer consistent feedback, and divide assignments into smaller, achievable tasks.
Providing virtual office hours or check-ins can assist students in staying on course and feeling
more supported.
PLAN
What initial plan do you intend to do solve the problem?
Answer: My original strategy to address the issue in the online learning setting would emphasize
developing a more engaging and encouraging atmosphere for learners. Initially, I would create a
definitive timetable with consistent video meetings to foster a sense of organization and promote
in-person interaction. I would also include interactive activities like group discussions or
teamwork projects to enhance connection. For learners facing technical difficulties, I would offer
offline materials and adaptable choices for submitting assignments. Furthermore, I would
provide individualized assistance through consistent check-ins, aiding students in managing their
time and maintaining motivation.
CHECK FOR MASTERY
Direction: Choose the appropriate answer.
1 What is common among the following learning environments: (a) remote learning, (b) virtual
learning. (c) on-learning learning?
A. Presence of a teacher
B. Use of cyberspace
C. Asynchronous delivery
D. Use of module
41
2. If your co-teacher asks you to borrow your email address password for an urgent concern,
which action should you take as a safety measure?
A. Deny your friend's request because of privacy.
B. Open your email yourself and print your friends email.
C. Quickly share your password to your friend.
D. None of the A,B,C.
3. Why should parents be involved and be a part of a safe on-line environment?

A. Parents should provide guidance in the selection of websites for children's references.
B. Parents know better than the children so they can coach in answering on-line
C. Parents can do research for their children's assignments.
D. Parents should sit by their children's side during virtual class time.
4. In a virtual synchronous class, when a student would like to talk, which of the following
actions should be done?
A. Mute the microphone
B. Open the camera
C. Raise hand
D. Send message to chat box
5. Which would describe a safe and conducive virtual learning environment?

A. When parents are involved
B. When the teacher provides open communication
C. When students are supported with resources
D. A, B and C
Make a list of 3 websites where you can source references and instructional materials for this
episode. Place the list in the matrix like the one below, share this with your mentor. LIST OF
WEBSITES and the TITLES of the CONTENTS
Name of Websites Topics/Title of Content or Instructional

Materials
1. POSITIVE DISCIPLINE (CREATING Problem Solving in the Classroom
RESPECTFUL RELATIONSHIP IN
HOMES AND SCHOOL)
2. LEARN SAFE Maintaining A Safe Learning Environment
For Distance Learning
3. EDUTOΡΙΑ 8 Strategies to Improve Participation in your
Virtual Classroom
LEARNING EPISODE
42
Establishing My Own
8 Classroom Routines and
Procedures in a Face-to-
Face Remote Learning
PARTICIPATE AND ASSIST
To ensure that I can carry out/perform my tasks efficiently and effectively in participating and
assisting my cooperating teacher in establishing routines and procedures, in the classroom or in
remote learning, I must be guided by the following questions:
1. How will I gain student attention in the classroom /remote learning?

2. What are the routines and procedures that I need to establish before, during and after my
classes whether on a face-to-face or remote learning?
3. What verbal and non-verbal communication will I use to signal that students need
help/attention in the classroom / remote learning?
4. How must students get/secure the needed work materials and books and others in the
classroom/remote learning?
5. How will students transition to group work and other cooperative activities in the classroom /
remote learning?
6. What procedures must be followed by students who need to attend to personal necessities in
the classroom/online classes?
7. What rules must be set for students who finish task early and for those who cannot complete
work on time?
8. What procedures must be observed for tardiness / early dismissals?
9. What procedures must be done when submitting homework/performance tasks in the
classroom/remote learning?
10. What procedures must be employed in movements into and out of the classroom/remote
learning?
Having these guide questions in mind, consult your Resource Teacher on the possible assistance
or participation that you can do to help her/him in doing the classroo routines. Complete the
matrix for the routines that you can employ before, during after classes in the classroom/remote
learning to ensure order and discipline in your classes List down the problems which you have
encountered while implementing ther routines,
Notice
After doing your classroom routines and formulating your procedures, state what you noticed
by answering the following questions:
How did you feel after employing your classroom routines and establishing your
procedures in the classroom / remote learning?
After implementing my classroom routines and setting up my classroom/remote learning

procedures, I am at ease when I realize that this marks the beginning of effective classroom
management for a meaningful learning experience. However, it is disheartening when some
43
students do not fully embrace their roles .How did your students respond to your classroom
routines and procedures?
How did your students responds to your classroom routines and procedures?
Based on their responses, it seems they are in favor of the classroom routines and
procedures. I noticed their enthusiasm to adhere to and implement them in class, even if they
currently aren't doing so. Before that, many students were more interested in asking
questions to gain clarity on the routines and procedures we follow.
Was there a change on your classroom environment/ teaching- learning process after you
have implemented your classroom routines and procedures?
Certainly, I observed that implementing routines and procedures in the classroom leads to a more
efficient class, reduces unnecessary behavior, increases the effectiveness of all activities, and
helps students become more organized.
What was the feedback your Resource Teacher on your classroom routines and
procedures?
Some of the routines I have in the matrix we consult it to our resource teacher if its okay he
agree to us that is good, Also he add that having icebreaker or energizer in an online class
can reduce the time for discussion so they skip it because the allotted time for the limited
which is good only for 45 minutes, But according to him it is better to have icebreaker or
energizer in the class.
Analyze
1. What factors/ conditions prompted you to establish those classroom routines and
procedure? The reasons that prompted me to create those classroom routines and
procedures include maintaining order in the classroom, addressing disruptive
behavior, and meeting my expectations for the learners.
2. Was there a marked improvement in classroom management after

employing your classroom routines?
The benefits we see from implementing my classroom routine include: starting class
promptly, ensuring everyone is fully prepared and guided on tasks, and delivering
lessons more effectively without distractions. learners have shown great improvement
in their behavior in the classroom.
3. Did the teaching-learning process improve? Justify you answer.

Certainly. By having these class routines and procedures in place, students are better informed
about their tasks and it ensures a productive start to each day, preventing any time wastage.
Moreover, it imparts to students the importance of self-discipline in terms of class readiness,
courteous questioning, and task organization. These routines and procedures contribute to
effective classroom management, facilitating smooth class operation and enhancing the teaching
and learning process by enabling teachers to deliver lessons effectively while students actively
participate.
Reflect
What insight have you gained while doing this learning episode?
Performing this episode. I can recall all my teachers from elementary, high school, and
college. I now understand that the routines and procedures used in class are crucial for a
smooth flow and positive behavior. When considering the routines and procedures I use in
my classroom as a prospective teacher, I realized the importance of thinking more deeply
about my expectations for students in order to create suitable routines and procedures.
44
Additionally, when presenting these routines and procedures to the class, it is important for
me to ensure that they understand and are clear on the instructions so that I can teach
them effectively. By doing this daily, they can practice on their own, but I must closely
monitor them to correct those who don't do it correctly by the end of the day. Furthermore,
I have come to understand that by engaging my students in brainstorming sessions, they
are able to actively participate in establishing effective routines and procedures for their
behavior in class as they feel their ideas are valued.

OBSERVE
The problems/ challenges I encountered in establishing my classroom routines
1. The problems/challenges I encountered in establishing my classroom routines

✓ Difficulties on checking of attendance because some of the learners are coming
late on the meeting we have. participation
✓ Some of the students afraid to participate on the recitation even their names
are called by their teacher.
✓ Some of the students lack of initiative to follow the routines we have like
attending late to the meeting.
REFLECT
I hope to achieved to address these problems and challenges by
Selecting appropriate strategy and intervention to make sure that the students are participating
and followed the routines that employed on the class. These intervention and strategy like
modeling, giving rewards, and praise them about what they've done for them to become more
motivated in the class.
PLAN
Some strategies/ ways which I can employ to improve my classroom routines are
✓ As their teacher I'm their model so to ensure they know how to follow and do the routines
and procedure we have I need to model it by showing to class like for example arrive the
class five minutes before the time so that they will learn to manage their time where in the
next meeting they know how to enter the meeting on time. Praise students can motivate them
to be active in the class because they will feel the effort in the class is worth it.
✓ Giving rewards also can motivate them to perform better on the class, follow routines and
procedure. Posting a piece of copy or images of routines on the wall/ Google classroom for
them remember it every day. Also show a video clip on the class that implies same routines
and procedure.
ACT
(Based on my answer is No, 1-3), the possible title of my action research on this episode
is
_________
45
For additional insight into setting up classroom routines and procedures in both
physical and online settings, share online resources such as books, websites, and
YouTube videos with your peers to enhance your understanding.
Direction: Read the questions and choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Ms. Asuncion teaches English in Grade Six. She finds difficulty in getting her class settled
and ready for the daily lesson. Which of the following would be the best advice for her?
A. She should have a seating arrangement/plan.
B. She should assign a group leader to monitor student's discipline.
C. She should not let them in until they are ready.
D. She should have an entry pass before they get in.
2. The students of Ms. Dionisio were instructed to use the washroom gate pass whenever they
need to attend to personal necessities. This is an example of which of the following classroom
management techniques?
A. the use of cards
B. the use of gate pass
C. the use of transition
D. the use of clear schedule
3. Mrs. Esplana assigned daily prayer leaders and attendance monitor checkers in her
class.What is the benefit of having this practice?
A. Ensure discipline and responsibility in class.
B. Make her students busy at all times.
C. Develop camaraderie in class.
D. Ease her of small stuff.
4. During inclement weather one of the routines established by Ms. Returan is for her class to
fall in line along the corridors and not in the school yard. What must be the reason why she
implemented this?
A. To have another area for line formation
B. To enable them to stay outside
C. To protect them from harm
D. To give more time for them to socialize outside the classroom
5. Why is it best to establish routines at the beginning of the class?

A. To eliminate stress of teachers at the beginning of the class
B. To control unruly students
C. To know all the students in class
D. To ensure order and discipline at all times
46
In this picture, our critique teacher ordered us to assist our students to do their Item Analysis to
their previous exam because in their school it is important to count of how many got every
answer they do.
FIELD STUDY 2
47
LEARNING EPISODE 9
Creating my Classroom/Remote Learning Management Plan


(Field Study 2 Adviser
LEARNING EPISODE
48
Creating my
9 Classroom/Remote
Learning
Management Plan
Notice
My Classroom Management Plan
Philosophical Statement
I'll establish a cooperative, joyful, and secure learning atmosphere. We'll enforce discipline as
needed and as quickly as we can. Every day will start fresh for every student in my class.
Every student will receive the individualized attention required for success.
Classroom Rules and Procedures

To ensure the discipline of my students. I will establish classroom rules and procedures such
as:
➤ Show your teacher respect and pay attention to what he or she is saying. Be considerate of
your classmates.
➤ Be prepared for class.
➤ Raise your hand to speak if you want to,
➤ Remain silent when your teacher speaks.
►Share new concepts
➤ Maintain a clean classroom at all times.
➤ Stick to the seating arrangement.
► Use positive language.
➤ Remain alert at all times.
➤ Take part in the discussions
➤ Obey all school regulations.
➤ Be on time.
➤ Finish your homework on time.
Teacher-Student Relationship
I will maintain a positive relationship with my students by treating them fairly and with
respect. I'll make sure they have respect for others and strong morals. Using positive language
in interactions appears to be more effective. I will teach them how to speak and listen. I will
make it clear to them that they are under my instruction and they have a responsibility to
inform me of any progress.
Schedule Timeframes
49
Concerning timing and organization. According to my decision, I will structure my class
timetable accordingly. It is important for me to always consider the viewpoints of my
students. In order to keep my students engaged, I intend to create an interactive and interesting
session. I must consistently make sure to get the attention of all students, particularly those
who are seated at a distance. I need to take into account their circumstances and emotions too.
Classroom Structure, design and Arrangements

I will provide my students with materials that will help them progress personally and
academically to create a positive learning environment in my classroom. Furthermore, I will
integrate certain technology that we will use regularly in our classroom. Furthermore, I will
eliminate anything in my classroom that could cause stress or distractions.
Classroom, Safety, Rules and Procedures

In order to ensure the safety and protection of my students. I will provide a medical cabinet if
a problem occurs. Moreover, I must remove any potentially dangerous items such as
chemicals, knives, and other objects. For security reasons, the classroom requires the presence
of two doors and a fire extinguisher. To ensure their safety, I will enforce rules preventing
students from exiting campus during school hours, provide a phone number for emergencies,
and encourage them to report any worries to me or a security guard.
Strategies for Rewards and Consequences

If students know there are rewards and consequences tied to every rule, I believe they will
adhere to the procedures I set in place to make them responsible for their actions.
After reading and reviewing the classroom/ remote learning management plan from different
sources and creating your own plan, answer the following questions.
1. What salient components have you noted?
After examining different plans for managing classroom and remote learning, I have
identified a few important elements. Having well-defined expectations and rules is
crucial for directing student behavior and engagement. Having a well-organized
schedule is beneficial for students to stay focused and organized, particularly in
virtual learning settings. Methods of engaging students, like interactive lessons and
group discussions, help to keep them motivated and actively participating.
2.Why is there a need to utilize the information to create your classroom

management plan?
Using information to develop a classroom management plan is essential for setting up
a well-defined structure and rules to maintain a productive learning atmosphere. By utilizing
data from various sources, you can pinpoint the most effective methods for fostering positive
behavior, promoting student participation, and handling classroom dynamics. A well thought-
out strategy guarantees clear communication of expectations, consistent routines, and support
for students.
3.What were the significant things that you noticed when you were implementing
your plan?
While putting my classroom management plan into action, I observed some important
factors. Establishing clear expectations and routines helped students become more
attentive and well-structured, as they were aware of the daily expectations. I noticed
that incorporating engagement tactics such as interactive activities and group
discussions improved student involvement and enhanced the overall enjoyment of
lessons. Regular feedback and open communication channels were essential in
addressing issues early and keeping students and parents informed.
50
4.Were there items in your classroom/ remote learning management plan which
were not tailored to the needs of your students? How will you improve on these?
Yes, there were some aspects of my classroom/remote learning management plan
that were not completely customized to meet the specific requirements of all my
students. As an illustration, a few students faced challenges with the speed of the
classes, whereas others encountered issues in accessing specific online materials
because of Wi-Fi problems or technical difficulties.
Analyze
1. What elements in your classroom/ remote learning management plan were

mostly followed/ compiled with?
I believe that the interaction between teachers and students and the layout and design of
the classroom were the aspects that were most adhered to.
2. What elements in your plan were the most difficult to implement? Why?
The most difficult to implement is the classroom rules and procedures because it depends on
the type of learners that a teachers is handling.
Reflect
What were your realizations after creating and implementing your classroom/ remote
learning management plan?
Creating a conducive learning environment is essential in education, which involves strategies

teachers implement for effective classroom management. As a teacher, I understand that
designing a classroom management plan should focus on the needs of students and support their
learning. A teacher's training and mastery of important skills are crucial in creating a classroom
environment that promotes learning and ultimately leads to classroom success.
OBSERVE
1. The problems/ challenges I encountered in writing my classroom Management Plan

They are diverse, some of them have responsibilities that have may affect
classroom management plan.
2. I hope to achieve to address these problems and challenges by

Some of them are varied in their responsibilities, which could potentially impact
the classroom management plan.
PLAN
3. Some strategies/ ways which I can employ to improve my classroom routines are
Soliciticing feedback from others teachers on these issues and conducting research on how to
resolve this issue. I will question my students about the issue and invite them to share their
thoughts and opinions.
51
ACT
4. (Based on my answer in nos. 1-3), the possible title of my action research on this
episode is
Developing and Efficient classroom management strategy for diverse students.
To further enrich my knowledge on establishing classroom routines and procedures, whether

in the classroom or in remote learning, these are some of the online resources which will help
me in these activities. (include books, websites, you tube videos and the like and share these
to your peers.)
Planning Classroom Management :
Paste your Classroom/ Remote Management Plan
LEARNING EPISODE
52
WRITING MY
10 LEARNING/
PLANS
LESSON
PARTICIPATE AND ASSISST

With all these information in mind, you are all set in writing your lesson plan. Based
on the instruction given by your Cooperating Teacher, prepare lesson plan(s) based on the
learning competencies of the lesson. Consider the age and level of communication of your
students.
Request lesson plan exemplars/ lesson plan templates from your Resource Teacher. If not
available, you can make use of the basic components of a lesson plan.
Lesson plan in MAPEH

(SUBJECT) MAPEH
Grade Level 10
Learning Outcomes
 By the end of the lesson, students should be able to

 Demonstrate an understanding of a specific musical genre or composition
 Identifying its characteristics.
Learning Content
Understanding rhythm, melody, and lyrics in Filipino folk songs
Learning Resources
Audio recordings of Filipino folk music (ese can be found on platforms like YouTube,
Spotify, or music archives dedicated to Filipino folk music.)
Visual Aids (Provide sheet music or lyrics with basic notation for folk songs (e.g., "Bahay
Kubo") to allow students to connect the song's rhythm with the melody.)
Learning Procedures
1. Motivation (Engagement Activity):
o Begin by asking students what they know about Filipino folk music, art, or
team sports. Encourage students to share their experiences with local traditions
or their knowledge of fitness.
o Show a short video clip of a Filipino folk dance or art form to capture their
interest.
2. Review of Previous Lesson:
o Ask students to recall and briefly discuss key points from the previous lesson
(e.g., the importance of teamwork in physical activities or the role of music in
Filipino culture).
II. Development (20-25 minutes)
1. Music:
o Play a sample of Filipino folk music (e.g., “Bahay Kubo” or “Leron Leron
Sinta”). Have students identify the rhythm and instruments used.
o Discuss the significance of folk music in Filipino culture and its characteristics
(melody, rhythm, lyrics).
53
The Department of Education has issued Department Order 42s 2016, Policies
Guidelines on Daily Lesson Preparation for the K to 12 Basic Education Program.
These are templates for the Detailed Lesson Plan (DLP) and Daily Lesson Log (DLL).
Instructional Planning
( The process of systematically planning, developing, evaluating and managing the
instructional process by using principles of teaching – D.O. 42 s. 2016)
Detailed Lesson Plan ( DLP ) Format
School DCNHS Grade Level 10
Teacher Janis Learning Area Health
Palaganas
Time and Dates October Quarter 1st Quarter
18,2024
I.OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standard The learner demonstrates understanding of
various artistic expressions, their cultural
significance, and how they are represented in
different forms and media. The learner also
applies artistic skills and techniques in
creating and interpreting artworks.
B. Performance Standards Grade 10 focus on students’ ability to apply
artistic techniques and skills, engage in
creative processes, and critically reflect on
artworks, demonstrating their understanding
of artistic concepts and their cultural
significance. The goal is to assess how well
students can demonstrate their artistic
abilities, interpret various art forms, and
create meaningful artworks.
C. Learning Competencies/ Objectives  Apply the basic elements and
Write the LC code for each principles of design (line, shape,
color, texture, balance, contrast) in
creating visual art forms.
LC Code:
 Art10CR-IIIa-1
II. CONTENT Explore traditional Filipino art such as tribal

art (e.g., from the Ifugao, Batak, and
Kalinga tribes) and religious art (e.g.,
retablos, painting of saints in Catholic
tradition).
II. LEARNING RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teachers guide pages  Teacher’s Guide Pages: Pages 50-
55 (Arts Curriculum Guide)
2. Learners material pages Pages 30-35 (Arts Learner’s Material
3. Textbook pages  Textbook Pages: Pages 45-50

(Philippine Arts in Focus)
54
4. Additional Materials from .
Learning Resource  Textbook Pages: Pages 45-50
(LR) portal. (Philippine Arts in Focus)
V.PROCEDURES
A. Reviewing previous lesson or When transitioning from reviewing a
presenting the new lesson. previous lesson to presenting a new lesson in
a classroom setting, it’s important to
establish continuity while also preparing the
students for what they will learn next. Here's
how you can structure this process,
especially in the context of Grade 10 Arts,
where the focus is on Filipino Folk Songs,
Rhythm, Melody, and Lyrics
B. Establishing a purpose for the lesson. The purpose of the lesson is to explore how
rhythm, melody, and lyrics in Filipino folk
songs work together to convey emotions,
cultural stories, and values. Students will
gain a deeper appreciation for Filipino
culture, enhance their musical understanding,
and apply these insights to both academic
and personal contexts. By the end of the
lesson, students should be able to identify
key musical elements and understand how
they contribute to the rich cultural heritage
embedded in Filipino folk songs.
C. Presenting examples/instances of the When presenting the new lesson on Filipino

new lesson. folk songs and their elements like rhythm,
melody, and lyrics, it’s helpful to provide
concrete examples to illustrate how these
components come together to convey
cultural significance..
D. Discussing new concepts and When introducing new concepts and
practicing new skills # 1 allowing students to practice new skills in
the context of Filipino folk songs, it's
important to break down the core elements of
rhythm, melody, and lyrics and then guide
students through hands-on activities that
reinforce these concepts.
E. Discussing new concepts and In the second lesson on Filipino folk songs,
practicing new skills #2 students will delve deeper into the concepts
of rhythm, melody, and lyrics. This lesson
focuses on applying these concepts in more
detail and practicing skills that will enhance
their understanding of how these elements
work together in a musical piece.
F. Developing mastery (leads to To deepen students' understanding and
Formative Assessment 3) ability to apply the concepts of rhythm,
melody, and lyrics in Filipino folk songs.
This step focuses on reinforcing their skills
through independent practice, group
collaboration, and self-assessment. It leads to
Formative Assessment 3, which evaluates
their ability to demonstrate mastery of the
55
concepts.
G. Finding practical applications of In this lesson on Filipino folk songs, students
concepts and skills in daily living. learn about rhythm, melody, and lyrics,
which are essential components of music.
These concepts are not just theoretical but
have practical applications in real-life
situations, enhancing various aspects of
students' lives, from emotional expression to
cultural connection and even in problem-
solving and teamwork. By linking music to
everyday experiences, students can
appreciate the real-world value of what they
learn.
H. Making generalizations and Through the study of rhythm, melody, and
abstractions about the lesson lyrics in Filipino folk songs, we can
generalize that music transcends cultural
and linguistic barriers, creating a universal
form of expression. Filipino folk songs,
while unique to the Philippines, share
fundamental musical elements (rhythm,
melody, and lyrics) that are present in all
forms of music across the globe. These
elements allow individuals from various
backgrounds to connect emotionally, even if
they don’t share the same language. Music,
in this sense, is a universal language that
fosters emotional expression, social bonding,
and cultural pride.
I. Evaluating learning The goal of evaluating learning is to assess
how well students have understood and
applied the concepts of rhythm, melody, and
lyrics in Filipino folk songs. This evaluation
will help determine the effectiveness of the
lesson and provide insight into students'
grasp of the content, as well as their ability to
apply these concepts to both academic and
real-life situations
DAILY LESSON LOG (DLL)

School Grade Level
Teacher Learning Area
Teaching dates Quarter
Teaching time Section
MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY

I.OBJECTIVES
A. Content Establish Adhere to the Adhere to the Adhere to the Adhere to
standards the criteria week's content content the content
for the general standards set for standards set standards set
lesson's content the week. for the week. for the week.
content criteria.
standard.
56
Recognize
different
kinds of
musical
instruments
used in
traditional
Filipino
music.
B. Performance Students Adhere to the Adhere to the Adhere to the Adhere to
standards must week's week's general week's the week's
demonstrate general content criteria general general
the ability content content content
to play and criteria criteria criteria
recognize
musical
instruments
commonly
utilized in
Filipino
folk music.
C. Learning cb-1: b-2: Play b-3: Elaborate b-4: b-5: Show
competencie Recognize simple on the cultural Determine gratitude
s/ objectives musical rhythms with importance of the towards folk
Write the LC instruments musical musical significance music.
code for from the instruments. instruments. of traditional
each Philippines instruments
during
cultural
celebrations.
II.CONTENT
III. LEARNING Filipino Creating Creating basic Filipino Execution of
OUTCOMES Folk basic beats on beats using traditional Traditional
Music's traditional traditional music during Filipino
Presentation musical musical tools cultural Music
instruments. festivities.
A. References
1. Teacher guide Page 30-35 Page 35-40 Page 40-45 Page 45-50 Page 50-5
pages
2. Learner’s Pages 30-33 Pages 34-37 Pages 38-41 Pages 42-45 Pages 46-49
materials pages
3. Textbook pages Pages 45-50 Pages 51-5 Pages 56-60 Pages 61-65 Pages 66-70
4. Additional Recordings Video Engaging Audio/Video Music

materials of musical demonstrating music-based of cultural videos for
from learning instruments how to play exercise. performance classroom
resource (LR) musical presentations
portal instruments
B. Other learning Images of Instruments Visual aids like Video on Set of

resources musical used for charts or posters YouTube musical
tools making music that display featuring a instruments
(Bahay Kubo) Filipino folk traditional designed for
music. dance from a classroom
the performance.
57
Philippines.
IV. PROCEDURES
A. Review Recap Recap key Review Go over the Recap the
previews previous points of the instruments tools week's
lesson or lesson on previous day's learned earlier previously topics.
presenting a Filipino lesson. studied.
review lesson music.
B. Establishing Today, we We will "We will grasp Today, we Together, we

a purpose will practice the significance will explore will create
for the discover the playing beats of music during the role of music
lesson variety of and Filipino folk music in through a
instruments understand celebrations." festive Filipino folk
used in the occasions. piece!
Filipino importance of
traditional these tools.
music.
C. Presenting We will Demonstrate Display a video Discuss Performance
examples/instan work how to play featuring a cultural uses of Filipino
ces of new together to simple festival in the of Filipino folk music in
lesson make music rhythms on Philippines music. class
using a instruments. accompanied by
traditional music.
Filipino
folk song
D. Discussing Show Students are Groups talk Discuss Assess tools
new videos and practicing about how Filipino and rehearse
concepts play sounds rhythms using significant traditions in performing
and of folk musical music is at musical musical
practicing instruments instruments. festivals. performances patterns.
new skills
#1
E. Discussing Discuss Work on Share what they Examine the Practice a
new cultural rhythmic learned about importance of song and
concepts context of patterns with music in music in the dance
and each fellow festivals. lives of together
practicing instrument students. Filipinos.
new skills
#2
F. Developing Ask Observe Question and Observe Evaluate
mastery ( Leads students to group discuss the students students on
to identify performances significance of during the performance
instruments and provide music in cultural and
played feedback Filipino culture discussion. knowledge
of folk
music
formative
assessment )
G. Finding Examine the Relate Discuss how Discuss folk Reflect on the
practical role of rhythms to Filipino music’s role importance of
applications of instruments real-life music in community folk music in
concepts and in festivals. situations brings events. Filipino
skills in daily (e.g., using people culture
living beats in daily together
58
routines)
H. Making Reflect on "Playing "Music is an "Music "Through

generalizations the rhythms important enhances music, we
and importance helps us part of Filipino celebrate our
abstractions of folk music connect with Filipino celebrations. culture."
about the in Filipino our culture." traditions.
lesson culture.
I. Evaluating Review and Perform a Ask Evaluate Review

learning assess quick quiz or students to students' students' final
student oral describe the understanding performances.
participation questioning. role of of cultural
and music in connections
knowledge. festivals.
J. Additional Extra Provide Remedial One-on-one Provide

activities for practice with additional discussions help with additional
applications or instrument videos for on music in rhythm materials for
remediation identificati practice. Filipino practice. students to
festivals practice at
home.
V. REMARKS
VI. REFLECTION
A. No. of learners 40 36 37 39 38
who earned
70% on the
formative
assessment
B. No. of learners 35 36 38 37 39
who require
additional
activities for
remediation
C. Did the 6 3 2 5 5
remedial
lessons work?
No. of learners
who have
caught up with
the lesson
D. No. of learners 0 0 0 0 0
who continue
to
require
remediation
E. Which of my Use of Practical Discussions Integration of Student
teaching multimedia experience within a traditional performance
strategies (audio/video) playing group about cultural of Filipino
worked well? to introduce musical the activities folk music in
Why did this Filipino folk instruments significance (e.g., dressing class (group
work? music of folk up and performance)
instruments. music in simulated
Filipino festival).
festivals
59
F. What Certain Certain Some Some students Some
difficulties students students students did not students
did I struggled to found it were understand the failed to
encounter recognize challenging hesitant to cultural grasp the
which my and to grasp the speak up in importance of relationship
principal or
comprehend rhythm group folk music at between
supervisor can
the various patterns, discussions festivals. playing music
help me solve?
tones particularly and did not When talking and the
produced by those who participate about abstract cultural
traditional learn better actively. concepts, importance of
instruments, through some the
particularly listening appeared to be performances.
when these rather than disconnected.
instruments physical
were not movement.
directly
accessible in
the
classroom.
G. What Using local Incorporating Using a Having Using a class

innovation or YouTube Filipino folk local students performance
localized videos or instruments festival as a create their as both an
materials did I online case study own mini assessment
use/ discover resources to "festival and a
which I wish featuring demonstrate performances" celebration of
to share with Filipino folk how folk using the learning.
other teachers. music music is instruments
instruments integrated they learned
into Filipino about.
culture.
Notice
1. In writing your lesson/ learning plan?

Crafting a lesson plan involves thoughtful deliberation of the objectives, content,
materials, techniques, and evaluation methods. Breaking down the learning process into
structured steps ensures that students understand and achieve the lesson goals. Planning
also involves customizing the lesson based on the students' needs, taking into account
various learning styles, prior knowledge, and available resources, whether in a physical or
virtual setting.
2. What difficulties did you meet in writing your lesson/ learning plan?
Meeting time restrictions: Making sure that every aspect of the lesson (setting goals,
using resources, engaging in activities, and evaluating) aligns with a specified time limit.
Creating activities that meet the needs of students with different learning levels, interests,
and abilities is essential in a diverse classroom.
3. What feedback was/ were given by Resource Teacher in your first drat/ succeeding
lesson/ learning plan?
60
The Resource Teacher stressed the importance of including more detailed examples in my
plan for meeting students' individual needs. They also proposed making the language in
instructions simpler to guarantee clarity for all students, especially those with varying
language backgrounds. Furthermore, they emphasized the importance of incorporating
additional interactive activities to keep students engaged, especially in a virtual setting.
Feedback on the lesson/plan was successful.
The response to the learning objectives was good, but there was a recommendation to add
more formative assessments in the lesson for ongoing feedback and adjustment of
teaching strategies. They also suggested adding a reflection exercise at the conclusion of
the lesson to assist students in assimilating the knowledge they have acquired.
4. What were the best features/areas for improvement of your lesson/ learning plan?
The specific and quantifiable learning objectives matched the material covered in the
lesson.
Engaging in various interactive learning activities like playing musical instruments and
participating in group discussions.
The incorporation of multimedia such as videos and audio clips to increase interaction,
particularly in an online environment.
Areas that can be improved:
Customizing instruction for students with unique learning requirements, such as those
with disabilities or exceptionally gifted learners.
Ensuring that all content is covered in the lesson without overwhelming the students is
crucial, including maintaining clarity and a suitable pace.
Additional assessment methods that are more diverse and detailed, such as targeted
techniques for evaluating student learning and tracking progress in a virtual learning
environment.
ANALYZE
Analyse the various components of your lesson plans by answering the given
matrix. Take note that you must have provisions to do this lesson on a face to face modular
on through online learning.
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1. How did you arouse students’ interest? I began by utilizing actual instances and
What motivational techniques did you various multimedia tools (videos and audio)
indicate in your plan? to demonstrate the cultural importance of the
subject. I also related the lesson to students'
individual experiences (such as family
traditions and cultural practices).
2. How did you respond to the diverse The lesson included interactive tasks,
types of learners? enabling students to use instruments and
2.1 gender, needs, strength, interest showcase their musical talents, suiting various
and experiences learning preferences. I gave students options
for how they could engage (group
discussions, individual performances).
2.2 linguistic, cultural, socioeconomic The lesson included interactive tasks,
and religious backgrounds 2.3 with enabling students to use instruments and
disabilities, giftedness and talents showcase music, catering to a variety of
2.4 in difficult circumstances learning preferences. I allowed students to
2.5 from indigenous groups
61
choose how they wanted to participate (group
discussions, individual performances).
I utilized basic language and images to

overcome possible communication barriers. I
also made certain to incorporate cultural
significance, specifically centering on Filipino
folk music that students could easily connect
with.
I modified tasks for students with disabilities

by offering auditory materials for visually
impaired students and allowing talented
students to take charge of activities or delve
into more advanced music-related subjects.
I offered clear guidance and additional

resources (like online tutorials, video lessons)
for students facing tough situations such as
remote learning challenges.
3. What instructional strategies will you I will incorporate demonstrations, group

employ in face-to-face or in remote work, and performance-based activities in
learning delivery for this lesson? traditional classroom teaching. To facilitate
Explain. online learning, I plan to incorporate videos,
interactive tools like Kahoot and Google
Classroom, and both synchronous and
asynchronous discussions.
4. Was the language used appropriate to Yes, I employed straightforward language and
the level of the students? Explain your made sure to incorporate pertinent cultural
answer briefly. and musical terminology. I offered
explanations for difficult terms and utilized
visuals to enhance understanding.
5. What types and levels of question did Indeed, I incorporated critical thinking
you formulate? Are they of the higher queries like: 1) "How does the cultural values
order thinking skills (HOTS)? Write of various regions in the Philippines influence
two(2) examples their music?" 2) "How can modern Filipino
life incorporate traditional Filipino folk
music?"
6. What instructional resources will you During in-person instruction, I will
use? Why? Cite the possible online incorporate demonstrations, group activities,
resources that you can utilize whether and performance-based tasks. I plan to utilize
done in the classroom or in remote videos, interactive tools like Kahoot and
learning? Google Classroom, and both synchronous and
asynchronous discussions for remote learning.
7. Are your modes of assessment aligned Indeed, evaluations like group activities,
with your learning outcomes verbal evaluations, and music and cultural
and activities? Cite a specific quizzes correspond with the educational
example. goals, guaranteeing students showcase
comprehension of the material and its cultural
importance.
8. Will your performance task ensure Yes, students will apply their knowledge by
the mastery of the learning performing a piece of Filipino folk music and
competencies? Explain briefly. explaining its cultural relevance, ensuring
mastery of both the skills (playing
instruments) and concepts (cultural
62
understanding).
9. In scale of 1-10, how will you rate your Score: 8/10 – The lesson plan is nicely
learning plan(s).Justify your answer. organized with interesting activities and
assessments, but could use more adjustments
for students with special needs and additional
progress assessments during the lesson.
10. If this lesson is not implemented I will utilize online platforms such as Google
faceto-face, how are you going to do it Classroom for remote learning to distribute
remotely? resources and assignments. Engagement with
the material can be boosted through
interactive quizzes (e.g., Kahoot), live video
discussions, and recorded performance
activities.
REFLECT
Why is lesson planning an integral part of the instructional cycle?
Lesson planning is a vital part of the instructional cycle because it helps ensure that teaching
is purposeful, structured, and goal-oriented. It enables the teacher to organize content, define
clear learning outcomes, and select appropriate teaching strategies and resources. Planning
also allows the teacher to anticipate potential challenges and prepare to address the needs of
diverse learners. Additionally, well-planned lessons foster effective student engagement,
mastery of concepts, and continuous assessment of student progress, leading to successful
learning outcomes. Without a proper plan, instruction may become disjointed or unfocused,
hindering student understanding and achievement.
Write action research prompts

OBSERVE
1. The problems/ challenges I encountered in writing my learning/ lesson plans?
Struggle in choosing suitable and captivating educational tasks that match the desired
learning results.
Time limitations can make it difficult to develop thorough lesson plans that include all
required elements like goals, materials, and evaluations.
Making sure that the language and directions are easy to understand for all students,
taking into account varying levels of learning.
Ensuring that the lesson is both engaging and manageable requires balancing diverse
student needs in terms of learning styles, interests, and abilities.
Adjusting teaching methods for virtual or distance education, particularly when resources
are limited or student interaction is restricted.
REFLECT
2. I hope to achieve to address these problems and challenges by
 Using templates and guides to simplify the task of creating lesson plans, which
will save time and guarantee that all essential elements are included.
Incorporating additional interactive and adaptable activities suitable for both

in-person and remote learning.
Seeking input from peers and mentors to guarantee that I am choosing the best
63
strategies and resources for my students.
Participating in workshops or online courses to improve my lesson planning

skills and incorporate technology into my teaching.
Using straightforward and succinct language in my plans and making sure that
instructions are clear, considering the different levels of language skills my
students have.
Integrating methods of differentiated instruction into my lesson plans to

appropriately address the diverse needs of all students.
PLAN
3. Some strategies/ solutions/ means that I can employ these situation problems.
Establish a collection of versatile materials (such as online tools, multimedia resources)

to boost student involvement, in-person and on virtual platforms.
Implement formative assessments periodically during the lesson to assess students'

comprehension and modify the lesson plan as needed.
Work together with coworkers to exchange resources and tactics for adjusting lessons for
a variety of students.
Utilize interactive platforms like quizzes, group chats, and video discussions in remote
learning to ensure student engagement and participation.
Allocate additional time for post-class reflection to determine successful elements and
areas for enhancement.
Create a lesson plan format that can cater to different student requirements and
educational settings (online, modular, face-to-face) with adaptability.
ACT
3. Based on my answers in nos. 1-3, the possible title of my action research on this
episode is
Enhancing the Efficiency and Efficacy of Lesson Preparation for Varied Learning
Settings: Striking a Balance Between Face-to-Face, Modular, and Online Learning
Platforms.
To further enrich my knowledge in writing my learning/ lesson plans whether in the

classroom or in remote learning, these are some of the online resources which will help
me in these activities. (Includes books, websites, you tube videos and the like and share
these to your peer).
 YouTube Videos:
o "How to Write an Effective Lesson Plan" by Edutopia
o "Lesson Planning Tips for New Teachers" by Teachings in Education
o "Creating Interactive Lessons for Remote Learning" by Teach Online
 Online Learning Platforms:
o Khan Academy – Provides free, comprehensive lesson materials that can be
adapted for various grade levels.
o Google for Education – Offers lesson planning tools and resources for
integrating technology into classroom teaching.
Realizing the various skills that you need to master in preparing the learning/ lesson
plans, which are the most difficult? The easiest to write? Conduct a simple survey from
among your peers by requesting them to answer this simple questionnaire.
64
INSTRUCTION: These are the basic skills in lesson plan writing. Rate yourself on the
level of difficulty of doing the following based on your experience.
4- very difficult
3-diffficult
2- moderate in difficulty
1- Not difficult
4- 3- difficult 2- moderate 1-
very difficult in difficulty Not difficult
1. Stating 3
learning
outcomes
2. Identifying 2
learning
resources to
be used
3. Sequencing 3
the lesson in
an engaging
and 1
meaningful
manner
4. Planning 3
specific to
be used
5. Identifying 2
strategies
to be used
6. Formulating 2
higher
order
thinking
questions (
HOTS)
7. Integrating 23
lesson
concepts to
real life
situations
8. Integrating 3
values in the
lessons
9. Formulating 1
assessment
tools
10. Identifying 2
performance
tasks
11. Giving 3
assignments
12. Planning for 2
lesson
closure/
synthesis
65
13. Others
( please
specify)
WORK ON MY ARTIFACTS
Paste one (1) lesson plan and write your simple reflection.
The lesson plan I created centered on educating Grade 5 students about Filipino folk music. One
of the main difficulties I encountered was making sure that the lesson was suitable for both
students attending in person and those learning remotely. I employed multimedia tools to exhibit
various musical instruments and give students a deeper insight into the cultural background of
the lesson.
In the lesson, students appeared interested in the hands-on activity with the instruments, but I
noticed that some students in the online setting struggled to participate because they had limited
access to resources. I will think about incorporating additional digital tools for remote students
and giving them the opportunity to make simpler instruments at home for enhancement. I will
also dedicate additional time to go over the lesson's language to guarantee clarity for all students,
especially those with language barriers.
In upcoming lesson preparation, I intend to include additional formative evaluations to assess

student comprehension during the lesson, which will allow me to adjust the lesson to better
address their needs.
66
LEARNING EPISODE
Delivering
11 My
Lessons
After you have written your lesson plan, confer with your Resource Teacher on how you can
participate / assist in delivering instruction in one of his/her classes. The Robert Gagne’s
Nine Event of Instruction, will guide you to implement the various steps well.
Complete the given matrix by using Gagne’s Nine Event of Instruction, once a lesson is
assigned to you. Consult your Resource Teacher if you plans are ready for implementation or
your assistance is needed in any part of the lesson.
Segments of Events of Instruction Strategies and Learning
Learning Activities Used Resources /Materials
Preparation 1.Gaining Attention Warm up Activities Picture and boxes
Icebreakers
2. Inform Learning Printed Handouts

Objectives
3. Stimulate Recall Review of the Printed Handouts

of Prior Learning previous lesson
Instruction and 4.Present the Content Frome easy to more Printed Handouts
Practice complex and videos
5.Provide Learning Examples and guided Printed Handout and

Guides practices videos
6.Elicit Performance Skills practice Group Presentation
and collaboration
7. Provide Feedback Automatic Index card
grading,recitations
Assessment and 8.Assess Performance Learning Activity
Transfer Daily quiz Sheet
9.Enhance Retention Assignments Handouts
Notice
Using Robert Gagne’s Nine Event of Instruction, what did you notice in the following
segments of learning?
• How did the students react to the activities / various elements to arouse their interests?
Attention enables students to prepare or preview and oversee and control their thoughts
and actions. Focusing is the initial stage in the learning journey. They claimed that their
ability to comprehend, acquire knowledge, and retain information is hindered when their
focus is on things other than learning.
67
• Were the students focused when you were stating the learning objectives at the
beginning of the lesson?
Sure, because I chose to utilize students' existing knowledge. Understand the interests
of students. Facilitate classroom conversations. Develop engaging learning tasks and
Incorporate contemporary technology to capture students' attention at the start of the
lesson.
• Did you notice some students who needed assistance? What did you do?
Yes, I believe they require assistance. Teaching Assistants frequently assist children
who require additional help with subjects like reading and math. With oversized classes, teachers
are doing their best to support and motivate students to achieve their maximum potential.
• Did the students find difficulty in applying the theories / concepts learned to real life?
Yes, I think they easily link theories learned in class to real-world scenarios because the
Resource teacher has techniques for showing students how theories can be applied in practical
situations. This includes asking thought-provoking questions, promoting collaboration among
students, and structuring activities that encourage the application of new knowledge.
• How did your students react to your feedback?

I believe they are pleased with the feedback I provided. Student responses indicate appreciation
for feedback, but suggest that tutor comments could be more beneficial. Survey data suggest that
students might require guidance in comprehending and utilizing feedback prior to actively
interacting with it.
• What pieces of evidence can prove that the students had retention of learning?
Evaluating the student's understanding of the goals also serves as an indicator of how well a
course is working. Various evaluation methods, such as questionnaires, surveys, interviews,
observations, tests, and ongoing work portfolios by participants, provide proof that students
achieved a high score.
Analyze
After planning your lesson(s) you may be requested by your Resource Teacher to deliver the
lesson(s). Your Resource Teacher will use a classroom observation sheet to evaluate the
delivery of your lesson(s) Schools use different tools in rating classroom / online
observations.
Below is an example of a classroom observation form/sheet.
Areas of Strengths Areas of Improvement
1.Subject Matter Content The teacher showed Improve ability to delve
Demonstrates depth and breadth comprehensive deeper into the content and
of the subject matter understanding to the related materials
material this was
Shows mastery of the subject evident in her
matter responses to
students question
68
The teacher had the The teacher should make sure
Presents subject matter material necessary to the students understand what he
sequentially and logically conduct this P.E was explaining by asking
question ensuring they are
States clear learning outcomes She had well-
organized printouts
Synthesizes main points on hand to conduct
the lessons.
Meets class scheduled time The teacher was able
to conduct her lessin
very smoothly since
Regularly monitors classroom she was very
-line course organized.
3.Rapport /Interaction with the The teacher made The teacher should know the
Students this lesson very fun students strengths and
he had students maintains a light atmosphere
Holds interest of students sitting on the floor throughout all activities.
surrounding his to be
Is respectful, fair and impartial closer to his and gave
his a clear view of
Provides immediate feedback students
understanding
Encourages active participation
The teacher explain
Interacts with students the students what
addition was and
Shows enthusiasm demonstrated the
addiction sign
making a cross with
his fingers
demonstrate the sign
using their fingers.
The teacher
demonstrated and
addition word
problem using two
boy and girls get
upfront to practice
doing a word
problem.
The teacher I am suggested that the teacher
4.Teaching Methods and Strategies demonstrated various should always give students a
addition problems on worksheet to work on their
Utilizes relevant teaching the board then dance activities It will help
methods /strategies conducted a practice them.
addition problem
Uses learning aids, materials, and using five of the
technology students.
Employs cooperative /group The teacher then

involvement in the classroom and showed more
remote learning
addition problems
using a video for
Uses examples that are simple,
students to explore
clear, precise, and appropriate
different problems
69
and their solutions.
Stays focused on the meets
That are simple, nd
appropriate n and
meets Outcomes
After viewing the
video several
students went up to
practice addition
problems on an
interactive tool were
students moved
around to create the
word problem they
were asked to form.
Students were quietly
sent back to their
desks. Once at their
desks the teacher
made sure what they
had reviewed before
giving students their
assignment.
stated learning outcomes
5. Presentation of the lesson I think that he teacher should

know how to modulate her
Establishes online course Speaks in a loud and voice have a good conversation
or classroom environment clear voice. inside the classroom.
conducive to learning
Gives specific
Maintains eye contact Uses a directions.
clear voice, strong projection,
proper enunciation Has a Maintains eye
good command of the contact when
language speaking to children
Uses language within level of

students
6.Classroom Management The teacher gained The teacher should maintain the
Begins and end classes on time the class attention by presence of Bulletin board to
saying cues like always maintain the classroom
Uses time wisely
"focus " and students management.
Attends to course interaction responded "time to
Demonstrates leadership ability; focus"
maintains discipline and control Students were very
and e-platform management well behaved and
teacher did not need
to discipline them to
concentrate and pay
attention. The teacher
used positive words
when students
followed directions
such as "Thank you
for following
70
directions
7. Sensitivity to Student’s Needs The teacher The teacher should create

Exhibits sensitivity to student’s demonstrated activities that can help to break
personal culture, gender sensitivity for each of the barriers between those
differences and disabilities her students by differences.
respecting their
Responds appropriately in a non- cultures, gender
threatening, pro-active difference, and their
learning environment disabilities
Students who use

glasses where sitting
up front so they
won't have trouble
seen the board
8. Support / Assistance to Students The assignment was The assignment was in group,
Assist students with academic in group, the teacher the teacher gave students the
problems gave students the opportunity to work the
Clarifies points in the lessons opportunity to work problem on their worksheet and
which are not clear to the the problem on their then on the projector she did
student worksheet and then the problem ensuring that
Allots time for questions / on the projector she students did it right. After
comments did the problem working the problem about she
ensuring that asked students how they would
students did it right say it in a word problem.
After working the
problem about she
asked students how
they would say it in a
word problem.
9. Personal Competencies The teacher was The teacher should always
Shows self-confidence dressed well-presented, simple but
professionally appropriate.
according to her job.
The we app The
teacher appeared to
be very confident on
what she was
teaching with the
different approaches
she used for her
students to
understand the
material. The teacher
made her lesson very
fun which tells me
she is.
Maintains professional distance

and professional appearance
71
10.Physical Aspects of the There are green The teacher should teach the
Classroom board and white students on how to keep the
Overseas the physical boards at the front of
attributes of classroom (light, the classroom as well
ventilation, acoustics) as a TV Student's
desks were arranged
Checks number of students in in groups of four.
attendance There are enough
lights and electric
Checks layout of room, fan. There are also
distractions, if any cleaning equipment
and safety posters
Lists any observations on how The teachers desk is
the physical aspects of the at the front of the
classroom affected content classroom, set a little
delivery. to the side to avoid
covering the front
boards
Overall impression of teaching effectiveness:

Reflect
Having implemented several lessons in your Cooperating School under the supervisions of
your Cooperating Teacher, in what areas of the lesson do you need to improve?

1. OBERVE
Problems / challenges I encountered in delivering my lessons
Completing the lesson on time, evaluating student learning, and managing the
classroom effectively are some of the main difficulties encountered during the
demonstration lesson.
2. REFLECT
I hope to achieve to address these problems and changed by
Implementing certain techniques to effectively manage my time during my class
instruction.
3. PLAN
Some strategies /solutions/means that I can employ to improve these situations /
problems
Managing time as a teacher begins with prioritizing and structuring your day around key
responsibilities. Prioritizing tasks can help teachers stay focused even when unexpected things
happen and the workload feels like too much. Prioritizing effectively means organizing tasks by
importance and considering their impact when completed. Teachers need to evaluate if projects
can be delayed if their impact is not as significant as others.
4. ACT
Based on my answers in nos.1-3 the possible title of my action research in this
episode
Is Time Management Of Teachers And Its Relationship To Teaching Performance
To further enrich my knowledge on delivering my instruction whether in the

classroom or in remote learning, these are some of the online resources which will
72
help me in these activities. (Include books, websites, you tube videos and the like and
share these to your peers.)
Attach pieces of evidence of your delivery of (lesson plans, pictures, screen shots and
the like)
LEARNING EPISODE Selecting Non-Digital or
12 Conventional Resources
and Instructional Material

1.Consult your FS Resource Teacher about this episode. Let your teacher know that the task
for this episode is for you to assist the teacher by providing suggestions on resources and
materials that the teacher can use in delivering a lesson on a specific topic.
2.Request your FS Resource Teacher for a topic/lesson he/she will be teaching soon. You will
also need the learning objectives/ outcomes for this lesson. Some teachers may instruct you to
write a complete lesson plan.
73
3. Refer to these guide points. Consider which one are applicable. The non-digital or
conventional resource or instructional material: a. Has accurate and meaningful content
b. Aligns to the learning objectives/ outcomes of the lesson
c. Elicits student interest and engagement
d. Is inclusive and free from cultural bias
e. Is developmentally appropriate
f. Fosters critical thinking/aesthetic appreciation
g. Allows collaboration among learners
h. Flexible for group or self study
i. Time and cost-efficient
4. Fill out the table below.
Subject: MAPEH Grade Level: 10

Topic: Health Related Laws
Learning Objectives/Outcomes :
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to identify
key health-related laws, understand their impact on public health
and healthcare practices, and analyze how these laws influence
patient rights, healthcare access, and ethical standards in medical
practice."
Resources/Instructional What is the use or purpose of Explain why you selected the
Materials you plan to utilize resource/ material? Describe how resource/material based on the
in the lesson. you will use the guide points mentioned above.
resources/materials to attain the How are these criteria met?
learning objectives/outcomes.
Learning Module These materials will help in These resources is, I think the best
attaining the goals/objectives of the materials to present the lesson
Lectures lesson. properly. Using the materials that
will meet the way on how the
The learning module which where
Projector students are learning is a big
the topic will came from, will help
impact in their learning.
the teachers in leading the students
Laptop Especially using technology in
to what they should learn and
teaching. Students nowadays are
understand at the end of the lesson.
Group Activity Materials visual learners, that's why this
( white board, markers) Lectures, the students will process of teaching them will help
understand the lesson through the achieved the learning
presentation of the teacher outcomes/objectives.
And for additional activity to better

understand the lesson and will
allow collaboration with each
other, the teacher will provide a fun
activity for the students.
74
5. As the situation would permit, try out the resources/ materials with the students. Be
sure to follow the steps on using instructional materials found in the Infographics section of
this Episode.
Notice
After you participated or assisted in using resources/instructional materials in teaching-
learning, described what you observed and experienced by answering the items below.
1. How dis you prepare for this activity?

I assisted my resource teacher in getting ready the materials required for his presentation. I
paid close attention in case I could gain some insights on how to effectively utilize those
educational materials.
2. Describe how you or the teacher utilized the resources/instructional materials. Narrate
your experience as you participated and assisted.
The teacher effectively presents the lesson as scheduled. He ensures that the student
comprehends the lesson before transitioning to a new topic. He also optimized the
incorporation of technology in teaching for students who excel in it. I observe the students
actively engaging in the class discussion, indicating that the teacher is effective.
3. What were your feelings and thoughts while you were assisting with the use of the
resources/materials?
While I am assisting my resource teacher, I can also feel his willingness to teach, his passion. I
want to be like him in the near future. His strategy really gives me a courage to be a teacher that
will help the student to grow and develop their skills for them to be globally competitive.
4. Describe how the students responded and participated.

The students participate actively. I can see to them that they are learning, individually and as a
group. They are competitive with each other, everybody want to be on top of the scoring board.
Analyze
What worked well during the activity using the resources/materials?
Evaluate which activities in your lesson were successful and which resonated with your
students. For example, did your students participate actively and enjoy themselves?
What part can be improved?

As an educator, I think she would have adjusted her tone effectively for the students to
understand her words and also captivated their attention with her voice to keep them fully
engaged.
What would you have done difficulty? What would I change? What will make it better next
time?
Next, I will improve my communication abilities and display even greater confidence when
interacting with students. Additionally, incorporating humor and varying my voice tone will
add dynamism and ensure the debate is well-rounded.
How does this connect with what you know about selecting and using instructional materials?
75
Before beginning my career, I did not realize how important learning materials were in achieving
learning objectives. Recently, I've learned that numerous factors should be considered when
selecting educational materials for children, and they all need to be connected and coordinated to
enhance your learning goals. Furthermore, it is essential to offer tools that are simple to
comprehend and utilize while considering the needs and preferences of students in their learning
process.
Reflect
1. How ready am I in selecting and developing resources/instructional materials in the

teaching-learning process?
I believe that the resources I have created will meet the requirements of my students. I
understand the significance of utilizing credible sources for accurate information and creating
visually appealing and engaging materials for students. I understand the importance of preparing
in advance to create effective educational resources that will enhance students' development and
facilitate the application of newly acquired knowledge.
2. What do I still need to learn to select and develop resources/instructional materials in
teaching effectively?
The teaching materials are the foundation for the students' abilities and knowledge. Having
adequate knowledge in choosing educational resources is essential for teachers to make sure the
material is relevant and correct for both the topic and students. Because instructional materials
can either inspire or discourage students, they need to be thoughtfully evaluated, enhanced, and
utilized. Before selecting resources, teachers need to evaluate them, align them with the learning
objectives, and consider different ways of presenting information based on varied learning
styles. Multimedia learning is more captivating and can cater to different ways of learning.
3. What can I do to learn more about and practice the use of resources and instructional
materials?
The instructional materials are what students will come across and understand as the
primary content in a course. They have the ability to motivate or discourage students.
When selecting teaching materials, the teacher must be well-prepared or consider factors
like precision, adherence to standards, student engagement, and meeting student needs.

This part allows you to synthesize or put together what you noticed, analyzed, and reflected
on to come up with a possible topic to explore for an action research.
OBSERVE
1. Doing this episode on selecting and using resources/instructional materials, what
problematic situation/ challenges/area of improvement did I find?
76
REFLECT
2. List at least three sources that you have read about this problem/challenge/area
of improvement
Resource or Reference about the Topic Key points/findings in what I read
Health Law: Ethics and Regulation by  Provides an in-depth overview of the
Barry R. Furrow et al. legal principles governing healthcare
practices.
 Discusses the roles of federal and state
laws in regulating healthcare delivery and
protecting patient rights.
 Explores topics such as medical
malpractice, patient confidentiality, and
informed consent.
 Focuses on the intersection of public
Public Health Law: Power, Duty, health and law, exploring how legal tools
Restraint by Lawrence O. Gostin are used to protect and promote public
health.
 Discusses the tension between
individual rights and collective health,
particularly in the context of pandemics
and infectious disease control.
 Explains the role of government in
regulating health behaviors (e.g., smoking
laws, vaccination requirements).
On what theories/principles can this problem be anchored?
3. What do I hope to achieve to address the challenge/area of improvement? What

change do I want to achieve?
PLAN
I anticipate that all the information and resources provided in class will be helpful. It is
meant to complete the missing parts of other educational materials. Choosing the
appropriate teaching materials and resources.
Taking into consideration the requirements of the learners is also crucial for establishing
an effective and pleasant educational atmosphere.
4. What strategies/solutions/means can I employ to improve the situation/solve the

problem?
The tactics or remedies that enhance or resolve the issue are:
Assist students in comprehending the issue- to solve the problem, students must establish
the ultimate objective.
Allocate sufficient time when preparing a lecture to grasp the issue, establish the
objective, and address queries from both you and your students.
Ask students to predict and inquire, encouraging them to develop analytical and
deductive thinking skills. Pose questions and suggest strategies to prompt students to
reflect on the problem-solving approaches they employ.
77
ACT
4. If you will conduct action research, what will be the title (Base this on your answers in
nos.1-3):
Attach pieces of evidence of what you accomplished in this episode.
I have made substantial advancements in providing my suggestions for the learning materials
to be included. For students to learn and develop, the environment must have precise and
valuable material. You should also take into account the subjects that interest your students.
In order to guarantee an equal understanding and learning experience for all, it is important to
make the students the central focus of your lesson. Your teaching should be both engaging
and fair.
LEARNING EPISODE
Utilizing Applications
13 (Apps) for Teaching
and Learning
Before you participate and assist in tasks related to apps, first enumerate the apps you
already know and have probably tried. Explore the Padagogy Wheel and learn at least five
more. Fill out the table below.
Apps that I already know/have recently How can I utilize this in teaching-learning?
explored
Google Classroom has the capability to
replicate the experience of being in a typical
classroom setting. Educators can utilize the
stream feature for communication and
assigning classwork. Teachers may promptly
give students their grades and return them
back to them.
78
Both teachers and learners will gain
advantages from using WPS Office. They
don't have to tote around bulky computers
anymore; they can now utilize software to
write papers on their smartphones.
Students and teachers can utilize YouTube to

view, connect with, and discover educational
and motivational videos and blogs.
Zoom can be utilized by both teachers and

students for virtual discussions of lessons.
They were able to communicate and share
their screens through the app, enabling other
students and instructors present in the room to
view the prepared presentation for any
discussion or event.
Educators and learners can utilize Word Press
to share personal and educational insights for
others to read. They could also observe and
connect with the work of others.
Your guide to participate and assist:

1. Interview your FS resource teacher on her experience in using the apps for teaching
and learning.
2. Ask the teacher how you can participate or assist in work involving the use of
applications in one or more of these tasks:
. Getting ready resources.
Engaging in an inspiring task.
Teaching a lesson and involving students in participation.
Assigning tasks and having students engage in skill practice.
Encouraging learners to work together and cooperate
Supervising the class-taking of attendance.
The more opportunities to observe, participate and assist, the better.

Level/Grade 10 of the Class
Lesson/Topic: Sarswela: Dulang Pantanghalan
Apps you plan to utilize in What is the user or purpose Explain why you selected the
the lesson. of using the app.. Describe app, based on the five
how you or the teacher will criteria of developmental
use each. appropriateness, motivation,
instructional design,
engagement and
accessibility.
79
utilizing the application. app, based on the
Explain how you or the five criteria of
teacher will utilize every developmental
single one. appropriateness, motivation,
instructional design,
engagement and
accessibility
Students have the option to Using videos related to the

view a video related to the topic can enhance students'
lesson in order to enhance motivation to listen and
their comprehension of the engage in conversations.
subject.
The App can be used to It is appropriate due to the

provide students with a copy availability of a Word
of the stage play and guide document and a PowerPoint
them through the sequence of presentation to select from.
events. Students could observe and
participate in classroom
activities involving different
types of stage performances
independently.
How does this connect with what you know about selecting and using apps?
From what I remember, it is best to choose applications that kids are already familiar with when
deciding which app to use. Efforts will be made to prevent any time from being wasted to ensure
the smooth flow of the lecture. I selected the apps considering their utility for children and their
popularity.
Notice
After you participated or assisted in the use of apps in teaching-learning, describe what you
observed and experienced by answering the items below.
1. Describe how you or the teacher utilized the apps. Narrate you experience as you
participated and assisted.
They are keen on watching and listening to this kind of stage performance because
they are already familiar with various applications, especially YouTube. By using
WPS applications, the lesson's stage play elements and type were unveiled. In
addition to watching the stage play, students receive their own lesson materials. After
watching the specific type of theatrical production on YouTube, the key events will
be emphasized.
Analyze
What worked well during the activity using the apps?
80
I have to point out that the process proceeded seamlessly with the tools I utilized, especially with
the use of YouTube to capture the students' interest. It is common knowledge that children are
highly enthusiastic when it comes to watching videos.
What part can be improved?

Using YouTube involves summarizing important events or the types of videos that have been
watched. They are required to create a stop motion animation inspired by the game they are
currently playing. Nevertheless, all other tasks have been delayed and now must be completed as
homework.
What would you have done differently? What would I change? What will make it
better next time
Rather than using apps, I should've had the children record a two to three minute video
and then point out the important parts of the video. I must allow children to bring home
activities from the video game-like stage performance.
How does this connect with what you know about selecting and using apps?
When choosing apps, it is preferable to choose apps that the student is already familiar with. It is
for the sake of maintaining the lesson's flow, and no time will be wasted. I chose applications
that are both useful and popular among students while selecting them
Reflect
1. How ready am I in organizing and using apps in teaching-learning process?
I think I am able to plan and execute an app during the teaching and learning journey. I
understand key apps used for education, but I am still improving my skills with them.
2. What do I still needed to learn in order to use apps in teaching-effectively?
I might say that I require information on the times I will be utilizing certain programs.
Since not all applications are suitable for different subjects in class, I must determine
which ones are fitting for specific topics
3. What can do I learn more about and practices the use of educational apps?
I think it's important to regularly download and use educational apps to read and
practice.

This part allows you to synthesize or put together what you noticed, analyzed, and reflected
on to come up with a possible topic for an action research.
OBSERVE
1. What problematic situation / challenges/area of improvement prevailed in using apps?
81
Just because an app is popular doesn't guarantee that students are already knowledgeable about
it. The problem that has emerged from using apps is the students' inadequate readiness and
comprehension.
List at least three sources that you have read about this problem/challenge/area of
improvement
Resource or Reference about the Key points/findings in what I read
Topic
The impact of mobile learning apps on Students praised mobile learning as a method
students' academic performance and that could significantly enhance their
perspectives on mobile learning. motivation. Researchers and professionals
should investigate how mobile learning can
enhance academic achievement and
performance, as well as boost student
motivation.
Examining the Impact of Utilizing a Achieving academic success was positively
Mobile Educational App for Study impacted by employing effective study
and Learning on Students' Academic techniques and strategies in the classroom,
Success. resulting in improved final grades for
students. Teaching effective study methods to
students through workshops in the curriculum
can enhance academic success, with the
additional advantage of mobile education
apps due to student reliance on smartphones.
How Educational Apps Impact Customization on the app within library and
Students' Academic Achievement book search programs to maximize
educational app efficiency and find apps
tailored to specific genres, with deadline
alerts and various teaching methods. With the
help of these special features, students can
find it easier to study as educational apps
have become more interesting and reliable.
On what theories/principles can this problem be anchored

The theory that a child's learning and behavior are shaped by their environment is
called environmentalist learning theory. This idea was related to the concept that when the
environment was structured and students had access to all learning resources, they could achieve
their highest potential and showcase their talents. A supportive environment with educational
materials helps students in their learning process.
REFLECT
2. What do I hope to achieve to address the problem? ( What change do you want to
achieve?)
I think that to tackle the problem, the government should offer assistance in developing schools
and supplying appropriate educational resources. At the moment, I would like to creatively
utilize the resources that are currently available.
PLAN
3. What strategies/ solutions/means can you employ to improve the situation/solve the
problem/
additional readings on the topics for further details and a deeper understanding.
ACT
4. If you will conduct action research, what will be the title (Base this on your answers in
nos.1-3):
82
Check for Mastery
Direction: Read the question then choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. An application (app) can be describe by all of the following, EXCEPT,
A. a software
B. have a wide range of function
C. some can be used offline
D. all need to be used online
2. Teacher Ruth is excited to try this preschool math app with her kindergarten students. She
is happy
because it has a feature where can review how each child performed and give her
information
about which skills she needs to reinforce more and which skills the children
have already mastered.
Teacher Ruth has considered which criteria for selecting apps?
A. Accessibility
B. Motivation
C. Instructional design
D. Developmental appropriateness
3. Ms. Peralta found two apps that were both appropriate for high school students taking
Physics. They
both have assessment and feedback and were quite enjoyable to play. She can use both on a
free but
limited arrangement but need to choose one that the school will purchase for
premium use. She
eventually selected the one that linked Physics with everyday life like Physics in amusement
park rides.
She based her decision on which criteria for selecting apps?
A. Engagement
B. Accessibility
C. Developmental appropriateness
D. Motivation
4. From among several apps that focused on grammar, Ms. Tayag chose the one which helped
learners
gain mastery through games where players earn token when they succeed. Which criteria did
Ms. Tayag
consider?
A. Accessibility
B. Motivation
C. Instructional design
D. Developmental Appropriateness
5. The Pedagogy Wheel can help teachers choose apps by all, EXCEPT,
A. It helps teachers identify apps for different grade level of the learners
B. It helps teachers identify apps according to the levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy
C. It helps teachers see the type of technology integration in the SAMR model
D. It helps teachers explore apps useful for both apple and android users
.
All academic subjects in the educational program necessitate the utilization of teaching
materials. This is unquestionably crucial in the educational journey. Through the use of media
and technology, students are given chances to engage with words, symbols, and ideas that aid in
83
enhancing their skills in reading, listening, observing, analyzing, communicating, and writing.
Learning becomes more intriguing, functional, authentic, and appealing when instructional
resources are utilized. They enable both professors and students to actively participate and
succeed in class. Learning tools are essential for fostering self-assurance and personal growth, as
well as for gaining knowledge and skills. These resources are vital in enabling students to
achieve greater success through enhanced learning experiences. This approach improves learning
by allowing the learner to independently delve into the material and engage in repetition.
Therefore, the teacher must choose suitable resources or materials in order to carry out the lesson
and ensure equal learning outcomes.
84
LEARNING EPISODE Utilizing Learning
Management Systems
14
Level/Grade of the class:
Subject:
Lesson/Topic:
Lesson objectives/Learning outcomes:
Which LMS did the teacher use: check one or more that were used:
_____Moodle
_____Schoology
 Google Classroom
_____Edmodo
_____Genyo
_____Seesaw
_____others _____________________
What tasks did you participate or assist in? fill out the table below.
What components or parts were present in the Under these components or parts, what task
LMS used by the teacher? did you participate/assist in?
Classwork is where specific tasks and I managed to review the students' work. My
assignments were assigned to the students. resource teacher permitted me to assess the
submissions and give them back to the
students.
Stream is where the teacher shares assisted in the posting of announcements and
announcements, instructions, and modules. modules
Notice
After you participated or assisted in the LMS, describe what you observed and experienced
by answering the items below.
1. Describe the structure of the LMS utilized by the teacher. How was it organized?
What main components did you find?
The teacher used Google Classroom as their learning management system, arranging it by
separating announcements and modules for activities and exams. She placed announcements and
modules at the forefront of the LMS stream so that students could easily see them. The teacher
entered tasks and expected outcomes for the students in the classroom setting. There are
comment sections available for both public and private use where students can greet or ask
questions to the teacher, and share links to their uploaded work.
2. How was the content taught or delivered? How were the learning activities arranged?
What strategies did the teacher or you used to help students attain the
objectives/outcomes?
85
The teacher removed the module from the activities. The goggleclassroom stream functioned as
the location for modules to be posted, and the comment section was easily accessible to all,
including the teacher for public viewing. It is the teacher's decision whether to set deadlines for
the activities in the classwork area to remind students when to submit them.
3. What was your experience in participating and assisting?
I have to admit that I really enjoyed helping out and taking part in the session led by my
resource teacher. I was able to explore by observing the activities of the students in the
stream, providing feedback, and assigning scores to their work.
Analyze
1. What do you think are the best features of the LMS that the teacher used? How these
features help the students learn the content?
The teacher found the stream and classwork to be the most beneficial aspects of the LMS they
utilized. The students were able to download or access the modules or activities on it effortlessly.
Students have the option to immediately read the lesson content as soon as the teacher uploads it.
2. How did the teacher/you use the LMS to implement the strategies/activities planned?
The teacher is very strict about uploading activities and modules. In line with my previous
statement, she successfully distinguished announcements and modules from the activities,
ensuring students were clear on how to interact with the LMS content.
3. How did this connect with what you know about LMS and TPACK?
The TRACK model could be considered a platform for LMS. In the LMS platform, instructors
need to possess pedagogical content knowledge in order to link students' existing knowledge
with new ideas while teaching, just like in a traditional classroom environment. Similar to
technological content knowledge, it involves the relationship between technology and
instructional strategies.
4. What problem or challenges did the teacher/you or the students encounter in working
with the LMS? How did it/they affect the teacher/learners? What part/s of the LMS do
you think can still be improved? How can this/these be improved?
The issue I faced is that certain students are unafraid to hand in their assignments late,
and occasionally they hand them in blank. The teacher is unable to communicate directly
with the students as they have the final say on whether or not to respond.
Reflect
1. How ready are you in organizing and using an LMS?
I am somewhat prepared to use an LMS. I have a computer and cellphone that I can use to
always access LMS and further develop my skills.
2. Enumerate the knowledge, skills, and attitudes you already have to organize your
virtual learning environment and use an LMs:
Content:
Pedagogical:
Technological:
86
3. What do you still need to learn in order to use the LMS effectively?
By mastering these aspects, I would be able to use the LMS more efficiently and enhance
my learning experience.
OBSERVE
1. What problematic situation / challenges / area of improvement did you see while you
participated and assisted using an LMS?
The difficulty I faced with an LMS was that even if it was well-organized, if students
were not properly oriented, there would still be mismanagement of tasks and activities in
the LMS.
List at least three sources that you have read about this problem/challenge.
Resource or Reference about the Topic Key points/findings in what I read
Beneficial for a variety of organizations,
including colleges and businesses. The main
purpose of employing a learning management
https://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/lear system for knowledge management involves
ning-management-system the collection, distribution, arrangement, and
examination of an organization's knowledge
related to resources, documents, and
personnel abilities. Nevertheless, the precise
function of the learning management system
will vary depending on the training strategy
and objectives of the organization.
The scientific literature contains a range of
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335 methods for assessing the quality of e-
402358_An_Analysis_of_Some_Learning_M learning. Nevertheless, the article on modern
anagement_Systems LMS platforms offers thorough explanations
and detailed analysis of software. The
evaluation of the LMS platform in this study
is outlined in three categories: tools for
learning skills, tools for communication, and
tools for productivity, based on the latest
research in the field.
On what theory/principles can this problem be anchored?
The theory that a child's learning and behavior is shaped by their environment is referred to as
environmentalist learning theory. It was linked to this idea because with an organized
environment and all necessary learning tools, students could achieve their full potential and
showcase their talents. A supportive environment with learning materials helps students improve
their learning acquisition.
REFLECT
1. What do I hope to address – the problem/challenge/area of improvement in LMS use?

What change do you want to achieve?
I think the government should assist schools in growing and provide proper learning tools to
tackle the issue. Currently, I would like to utilize the available resources in a creative way. From
methods for motivating employees to improve their skills to the learning management system.
Utilize a gamified structure or a point-based incentive system to link together all of the online
training courses and modules.
87
PLAN
2. What strategies/solution/means can you employ to improve the situation/solve the
problem?
Additional sources for more details and deeper insights on the topics.
ACT
3. If you will conduct an action research, what will be the title (base this on your answers
in nos. 1-3).
The impact of how efficiently students learn while using a learning management system
Check for Mastery
Direction: Read the following questions then select the letter of the correct answer.
1. Mr. Mahusay is ensuring using the polling feature of the LMS as a strategy to increase
participation of
his students in their lesson on qualities of national leaders. He is utilizing his
.
A. Technological Content Knowledge (TCK)
B. Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK)
C. Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK)
D. Content Technology Knowledge (CTK)
2. Ms. Del Rosario is careful to match the learning outcomes with the content and activities she
is going
to do. She also sees to it that the assessment measures the attainment of the learning outcomes.
She is
using her
.
A. Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK)
B. Pedagogy Technological Knowledge
D. Technological Content Knowledge (TCK)
3. Ms. Juan is utilizing the feature of the LMS to provide regular information updates on the
topic she
and her students are exploring. She is using
.
A. Technological Content Knowledge (TCK)
B. Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK)
D. Content Technology Knowledge (CTK)
4. All are true about learning management systems, EXCEPT
A. Has components and features that teachers can use in teaching
B. Is a platform for a virtual learning environment
88
C. Microsoft office is an example of this
D. Canvas is an example of this
5. Through the LMS, the teacher can do the following tasks, EXCEPT.
A. Post assignments and projects
B. Set up discussion boards
C. Make students collaborate
D. Meet students face to face
As an aspiring educator, it is important to provide students with the four Cs of critical thinking,
communication, collaboration, and creativity along with the traditional and essential three Rs of
reading, writing, and arithmetic. Teachers are able to utilize Learning Management Systems to
gather all necessary resources for students, thereby removing the requirement for numerous
logins. Students are able to view assignments and grades on platforms that can assist them in
effectively organizing their own learning. From what I know, teachers rely on a learning
management system for managing student records, monitoring progress, displaying documents,
generating reports, and distributing course content.
89
LEARNING EPISODE Utilizing Web- Conferencing
Apps
15 For Synchronous e-Learning
Class Grade Level: 10 Subject: MAPEH No. of hours/minutes: 45 minutes

Name of Resource Teacher: Janis Palaganas
Dates when you observed: September 23,2024
Dates when you participated and assisted: October 15,2024
Notice
After you participated or assisted in synchronous classes using a web-conferencing app,
described what you observed and experienced by answering the items below.
1. Which web-conferencing app did the teacher use for synchronous classes? Describe
its features and how you or the teacher used these features.
Web-conferencing App Feature Was it utilized? If yes, describe how it was
utilized in class.
Virtual Background Yes,a white background was present,
directing the students' focus towards the
teacher and fostering attentiveness;
however, even without a background, a
skilled communicator can still effectively
engage students.
Microphone icon on/off Yes, the students used it when they wanted
to speak or pose inquiries through the
microphone. If not, the students will
continue to not use their microphone.
Camera icon on/off Usually the teacher doesn't required the
students to turn it on the camera except if
the students may have something to tell
Screen share Yes, this is when the teacher presents her

lesson to help students grasp the topic being
discussed.
Reaction buttons Yes, it has been utilized during class, like
when the teacher inquired about their
comprehension of the lesson and they were
instructed to provide a like or heart response
if they did.
Spotlight Not used
View (using different views) Not used
Polling Not used
Recording
Yes, it was utilized when the teacher
wanted to record the class.
90
2. How was the content taught or delivered? How were the learning facilitated? What
strategies did the teacher or you used to keep students engaged? How did the students
respond to the teacher? To the activities?
The teacher stays adaptable and anticipates the unexpected, understanding that not all
students have reliable internet. Despite this, she maintains a strong presence and
provides a soft copy of the lesson for students to review if they were disconnected.
3. What was your experience in participating and assisting in synchronous classes? What
were your thoughts and feelings while you participated and assisted?
Participating in and assisting in synchronous classes can be an enriching experience,

marked by moments of excitement, connection, and a sense of accomplishment, along
with challenges like technical glitches or managing group dynamics.
Analyze
1. What do you think are the best features of a web-conferencing app that you or teacher
used? How did these features help these teachers and the students?
The teacher made use of the google meet web-conferencing app, which helps both the teacher
and students in communication and teaching. It is also considered one of the most secure
applications for online classes as it allows the teacher to monitor the attendees.
2. Referring to the Community of Inquiry Infographic, how well did the teacher/you use
the web-conferencing app to establish: (Describe in detail.)
Teaching Presence?
The teacher conducts themselves professionally. He consistently makes sure that the
students reach their educational goals. He helps his students understand the problem,
guides them in their learning, and motivates them to voice their opinions so the teacher
can understand their perspectives. He also provides students with feedback to assist them
in comprehending their strengths and weaknesses.
Social Presence?
In addition to web conferencing, the teacher used messenger to quickly find out where
students were struggling. The teacher should not message students privately unless it is
an emergency to avoid any misunderstandings among classmates that could lead to
bullying. They created a chat group for students to exit an activity if they have access to
web apps. Furthermore, the instructor for the Graphics Card course assigned a
challenging subject for the students to review in order to be ready for the upcoming
session.
Cognitive Presence?
Watching and assessing how they learn and work, while also recommending adjustments
to their processes. Remind them of their other obligations to motivate them to prioritize
tasks, resources, and activities. Helping them with their educational assignments, process,
or results.
3. What problem or challenges did the teacher/you the students encounter during the
synchronous classes? How did it affect the teacher /learners? What part/s of
synchronous classes do you think can still be improved? How can this/these be
improved?
We encounter various technical hurdles like signal interference and power outage. Since our
return, some time has passed and we need to work on improving our tone of voice and engaging
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all students in the synchronous class, as some may be holding back due to various reasons. By
making our instruction enjoyable and engaging, we aim to have a positive outcome by the end of
the lesson.
Reflect
1. How ready are you in teaching an online synchronous class?
We are not completely prepared as we expected this synchronous class to be challenging for
us.We require additional expertise and guidance on managing similar circumstances.
2. Using a web-conferencing app, how else would you better establish:
Teaching Presence?
We aim to develop a solid rapport with the students through effective communication to
foster trust and enhance relationships, alongside employing an engaging and successful
teaching strategy for the class.
Social Presence?
Building a positive connection with your students is crucial in order to genuinely capture
their attention, as there is a strong bond between teachers and students that must be
established early on.
Cognitive Presence?
verifying their understanding of the given assignment. Watching and assessing how they
learn and work, making recommendations for changes. Motivating them to prioritize
tasks, resources, and activities by highlighting additional duties they have.
3. What do you still need to learn in order to conduct an online synchronous class using
a web-conferencing app effectively?
We thought we would need to acquire a significant amount of knowledge in order to
instruct this synchronous online class. We essentially have to stay adaptable and ensure
that the online classroom is enjoyable or interesting. We will keep learning to offer the
best education possible for the children and to fulfill their needs.
OBSERVE
1. What problematic situation / challenges / area of improvement did you see while you
participated and assisted using a web-conferencing app for synchronous learning?
List at least three sources that you have to read about this problem/challenge.
Resource of Reference about the Topic Key points/findings in what I read
Use of synchronous virtual classrooms:Why, Determine the reasons behind instructors'
Who and How? decision to utilize synchronous virtual
By: Florence Martin classrooms and examine their usage post-
Michele A. Parke adoption.
Effective E-learning Course With Web Many organizations are investigating how
Conferencing web-conferencing systems can be used to
By:Veselina Neveda enhance education quality by sharing audio,
Snejana Dineva video, or other media to broaden knowledge
Svetoslav Atanasov acquisition.
Examining High school students’ attitudes The study aimed to develop a scale to assess
toward using web-conferencing systems in students’ attitudes toward using interactive
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distance learning courses: A study on scale web conferencing
development and application
By: Murat Yalman systems in distance learning
Bulent Basaran
On what theory/principles can this problem be anchored?
REFLECT
What do I hope to address the problem/challenge/area of improvement in the web

conferencing app use? What change do you want to achieve?
We hope that with the use of web-conferencing apps will help us students in our
online classes in a more easy way.
PLAN
If you will conduct an action research, what will be the title (base this on your
answers in nos. 1-3).
The effects of using web-conferencing apps on a student's ability to learn
ACT
What strategies/solution/means can you employ to improve the situation/solve the
problem?
We will use a dependable and appropriate online meeting application to enhance the usability
and convenience of our class. Discovering a suitable app for your class can simplify the process
for teachers and students to reach a successful learning result.
Web-Conferencing encompasses different types of online conferencing and collaborative
services like web meeting, webinars, and webcasts. There are both pros and cons to using
web-conferencing. Benefits include: Saving time and being efficient. Decreased expenses for
travel, eliminated commute, and quicker problem-solving during face-to-face meetings.
Drawbacks include potential technical disruptions and a lack of formality.
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LEARNING EPISODE Assessing FOR, AS and
OF learning
16
Analyze
• Did the formative assessment tasks help students master what they were expected to
learn?
Answer: Yes , formative assessment activities assist students in mastering their
expected learning outcomes through continual feedback and chances for growth.
These activities enable students to hone their skills, pinpoint weak spots, and seek
assistance prior to a final assessment. Formative assessments break down learning
into manageable steps, provide consistent feedback, improve understanding, promote
skill development, and help students progress towards mastering learning goals.
Moreover, they assist teachers in adapting their teaching to meet the needs of
students, reinforcing the mastery of the subject matter.
• Was students’ response to formative assessment exercise favorable or unfavorable?

Why?
Answer: Yes, The formative assessment exercises were well-received by students who
were able to successfully complete them, resulting in many positive outcomes for the
students.
• Did the conduct of formative assessment and self-assessment affect students’

attainment of learning outcome? How?
Answer: No, as it assisted them in determining the remaining tasks needed to complete
their education.
What was the affect of students assessing their own progress on their motivation to learn?
Answer: When students evaluate their own performance, it usually boosts their drive to
learn. This method, called self-assessment, motivates students to be responsible for their
learning, promotes independence, and aids in establishing individualized objectives. Students
who reflect on their strengths and areas for improvement may become more involved in the
learning process, leading to a possible boost in intrinsic motivation..
Reflect
How would attainment of learning outcome be affected if there were no formative assessment
nor self-assessments?
Answer: Learning lacks flexibility, adaptability, and a student-centered approach without
formative assessments or self-assessments. This heightens the likelihood of not achieving
learning goals, since students are unable to take advantage of key chances for development,
contemplation, and evaluation during their academic path. The general standard of education
decreases due to increased emphasis on final evaluations that may not accurately reflect
students' growth or abilities.
OBSERVE
1. An advantage of formative assessment tasks is the prompt feedback given to students

and teachers, which has been successful in its development and use. Teachers can
modify their teaching based on student comprehension levels, while students can
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actively participate in their learning by pinpointing areas for enhancement instantly.
This interaction contributes to the development of a more adaptable and customized
learning atmosphere, ultimately improving student outcomes.
REFLECT
The formative assessment activities went well because

Answer: The formative assessment activities were successful as they enabled ongoing
tracking of student comprehension and offered chances for instant feedback. This
assisted the teacher and students in pinpointing areas for enhancement, adapting
learning techniques, and consolidating fundamental ideas immediately. Furthermore,
the tasks probably corresponded well with educational goals, involving students in
valuable ways and encouraging active involvement in their learning journey.
The formative assessment activities process did not go well because

Answer: Unclear directions, a disconnect with educational goals, or limited time for
both teachers and students to engage in the assessments may have played a role in the
unsuccessful results of the formative assessment activities procedure. Moreover,
students may not have been able to make substantial advancements if feedback was
provided too soon. slowly or without sufficient detail. Sometimes the assignments
were too difficult or too simple, making it difficult to gauge the pupils' actual
comprehension or degree of proficiency.
For the students, self-assessment worked because

Answer: Self-evaluation proved beneficial for the students as it led them to reflect on
their learning, acknowledge their strengths and weaknesses, and increase their
accountability for their growth. Students became more independent learners by
actively analyzing their own work and developing critical and metacognitive thinking
skills. Self-evaluation allowed students to monitor their development over time and
establish personalized learning objectives, enhancing the importance of the learning
journey.
5. For the students, self-assessment did not work because

Answer: The students found self-assessment ineffective as they had difficulty in evaluating
their own performance accurately. Some individuals may have overestimated their skills, and
others may have underestimated themselves, resulting in inaccurate assessments. Students
struggled to understand what constituted good work due to lack of guidance or clear standards,
diminishing the usefulness of their self-assessments. This posed a challenge for them in
identifying areas for improvement or establishing successful learning objectives.
ACT
To ensure that formative and self-assessment process serve their purpose, to
help students learn, I will learn from other’s best practices by researching on
Answer: In order to ensure that formative and self-assessment methods effectively

support student learning, I will investigate successful strategies used by others. This
may include examining successful tactics employed by seasoned teachers, assessing
educational studies, and investigating different tools or methods that enhance student
learning. By taking cues from the achievements of others and tweaking those
strategies to fit my specific situation, I can enhance my use of assessments for helping
students develop and comprehend.
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PLAN
To help improve formative and self—assessment practices, I plan to conduct an action
research on
Answer: I intend to conduct action research to evaluate the effectiveness of various
feedback methods and their influence on student learning in order to enhance
formative and self-assessment practices. This study will require me to use different
formative assessment methods in my class and collect information on students'
progress, involvement, and self-evaluation. My goal is to examine the outcomes in
order to determine the most advantageous methods for students and how they can
improve their comprehension and control of the learning journey.
Check for Mastery
Direction: Read each of the following then choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Assessment for learning refers to assessment that teachers give during instruction to ensure
that the intended learning outcomes are attained. Is the statement is true?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Only if at least 80% of the intended learning outcomes were attained
d) It depends on the result of student's assessment
2. A student monitors his own progress in relation to learning targets which he has set for
himself. Under which types of assessment does this fall?
a) Assessment for learning
b) Assessment of learning
c) Assessment as learning
d) Assessment of and for learning
3. To finally determine how well students have attained the learning outcomes by grading in
which type of assessment's is teacher engaged?
a) Assessment for learning
b) Assessment of learning
c) Assessment as learning
d) Assessment of and for learning
4. To ensure attainment of learning outcomes, which can teacher do in the process of instruction?
a) Pair fast learner with another fast learner to challenge them even more
b) Devote half of the class period to study period
c) Give the class extra reading
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d) Do peer tutorial
5. Which is/are most likely the effect's of self-assessment and formative assessment?
1. High percentage of students with passing grades
II. 100% passing
III. 50% with passing grades, 50% with failing grades
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I, II and III
Compile activities/techniques in formative assessment and in self-assessment used by your FS
Research Teacher in the classes you observed. Include your annotations/improvements on the
assessment tasks.
Add other activities/technique that you have researched on e.g. TED Talks on assessment.
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LEARNING EPISODE Using Traditional and
Authentic Types of
17
Assessment for
Formative and
Summative Purposes
Notice
1. Take note of:

• The alignment of the different assessment task/s both paper-and-pencil
(traditional) and non-proper-and-pencil tests (authentic) used to assess the
learning outcomes.
• The quality of both traditional and authentic assessment tasks used (if
constructed in accordance with principles of test construction/assessment task
development. • The students’ comments/reaction/response/behavior while
doing both traditional and authentic assessment tasks. • The CT’s
comments/reaction/response/ behavior while giving both traditional and
authentic assessment tasks.
• The assessment tasks used for formative purposes (to ensure lesson
understanding and mastery) and for summative (grading) purposes.
• Your own feelings and thoughts as you assisted your CT:
- Formulate the assessment tasks.
- Administer the assessment.
Analyze
1. Are the assessment tasks aligned with the learning outcomes?

Answer: In order to assess the alignment between assessment tasks and learning
outcomes, we must ensure that they effectively measure the expected student learning.
This involves ascertaining if the actions truly reflect the specific skills and knowledge
described in the learning goals. Furthermore, we need to consider if the tasks align
with the material taught in class and if the outcomes require students to engage in
critical thinking. Changes may need to be made to assessment activities if they do not
align with learning objectives to ensure they effectively support student learning.
2. Did teacher make use of both traditional and authentic assessment tasks?
Yes, the instructor uses both traditional and authentic assessment tasks.
3. Are the traditional and authentic assessment tasks (written tests) formulated in
accordance with principles of test construction?
Yes, the teacher employs both conventional and genuine evaluation activities.
4. Were the assessment tasks for formative purposes also used for summative purposes?
Why or why not?
Indeed, the formative assessment tasks were used for summative purposes because we
required to evaluate student comprehension. Yet, both students and teachers can use
feedback from final assessments to guide their efforts and activities in future courses.
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5. Where were assessment results students better – in the results of traditional or
authentic assessment?
I think authentic assessment produces the most effective results in terms of evaluation
tasks by enabling every student to showcase their creativity while also enhancing their
skills and knowledge. They can also use actual situations and enhance students' skills and
understanding of the course content.
6. Which assessment activity/activities did the students like more? Like least? Why?
Written assessments, particularly multiple-choice formats and true/false
questions, are generally favored by students because they are thought to
lessen stress and exam anxiety and are simple to prepare for and take
Reflect
How can I make the assessment process more meaningful to and more acceptable to
students?
Evaluating, the act of informing students about their knowledge or learning, is a fundamental
aspect of the learning process. When I assess my personal definition of a meaningful evaluation,
I believe the exam should fulfill specific criteria. As a future teacher, I plan to make the
assessment process more relevant and acceptable to students by ensuring it evaluates the skills
they will need in the future. My assessment will be created to provide students with the
opportunity to demonstrate their proficiency and expertise in a challenging way.
Write Action Research

Prompts
OBSERVE
1. One thing/Some things that went well is/are in the development/use/administration of
assessment tasks are It incorporates traditional and authentic assessment tasks in
alignment with test construction principles, while also considering each student's
knowledge and abilities.
2. One thing/Some things is/are that did not go very well in the
development/use/administration of assessment tasks are The students were unsure
about what to do in their assessment because they didn't have a clear plan for
completing the tasks, and the student lacked guidance.
REFLECT
This part of the assessment process went well because The students fully understood the teacher's
lessons and their evaluations were positive. The learning goal is also accomplished as the teacher
will use strategies to assist students in enhancing their skills and knowledge.
This part of the assessment process did not go well because Some students struggle to understand
the teacher's explanations, while others struggle with completing assessment tasks.
ACT
To ensure that the assessment process serves its purpose, to help students learn, I will read
researches on … or view video on Just like MOOCs, I discovered a website that can assist in
assessing or achieving learning objectives. There are various courses and assessments
available for every student to utilize and enroll in, making it easy to access and explore. As a
future educator, I will gain extensive knowledge here, especially in the areas of learning and
developing into a skilled teacher. Multiple methods are available for obtaining information
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that can help every student.
PLAN
To help improve assessment practice, I would like to conduct an action research on In order to
enhance assessment methods, I plan to carry out action research to gather more information for
assessment purposes. This can involve enrolling in a website offering techniques and knowledge,
like a MOOC platform providing courses and assessments for better assessment practices.
Check for Mastery

1. Teacher C made her students write a paragraph about their favorite food to check
their
ability to pronounce words correctly, her intended learning outcome. Is the
assessment task
aligned with the assessment task?
A. Yes
B. No
C. Somewhat
D. Almost
2. Here is an intended learning outcome: “To illustrate the principle of law and demand with a
concrete
example.” Which assessment task is aligned with the learning outcome?
A. Give a concrete example to illustrate the principle of law and demand.
B. Illustrate with a diagram that law of supply and demand? Explain.
C. Chat is the law of supply and demand? Explain.
D. Is the law of supply and demands true all times? Support your answer.
3. Here is a completion test:
is an example of an invertebrate. Is the completion test in
accordance with the principles of test construction?
A. Yes
B. Somewhat
C. No
D. Yes, it is specific.
4. For the course on Practice Teaching/ Teaching Internship, the College Supervisor of student
teachers
required each student intern to compile his/her lesson plans with comments from
their
Cooperating Teacher and to write their reflection and lessons learned. Which type of
assessment
are the students interns required?
A. Process
B. Product
C. Project
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D. Portfolio
5. Teacher rated students project against 5 criteria which she explained to her students
before
they worked on their projects. Which type of rubric did teacher use to assess her students work?
A. Holistic rubric
B. Analytic rubric
C. Scoring rubric
D. Descriptive rubric
Compile samples of traditional and authentic assessment tasks used in the classes you
observed. Include your annotations/improvements on the assessment tasks.
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LEARNING EPISODE
Grading and
18 Reporting
Notice
1. Take note of: • The individual students’ scores in relation to established
criterion of success or cut-off score;
• Parents’/guardians’ participation and comments during Card-Giving
Day/Parents’-Teachers’ Conference
• Your own feelings and thoughts as you assisted your CT:
- Score tests and compute grades

- Prepare for PTC
- Respond to queries and other concerns raised in the PTC
Analyze
1. What are the teaching implications of the students’ test scores and grades?
I believe that exam outcomes indicate whether students or teachers have understood the material
taught during the session. How can they improve themselves, and how can a teacher motivate
their students? Help the teacher determine the students' grade level.
2. In what subjects did students perform best? Poorest?
I think that not all students are always interested in every subject; however, I think that
the Filipino subject is successful because students are already familiar with Tagalog
words and many find it easy. In my view, the most challenging subjects are English and
Mathematics due to difficulties in interpreting, summarizing, or evaluating language for
some students. They struggle with solving and understanding mathematical problems.
English and Math are challenging topics due to the complexity of formulating and
expressing formulas in words in both subjects.
3. How was the PTC attendance of parents and guardians? What does this imply?
Participating in a parent-teacher conference is a great opportunity to establish effective
communication between the parent and teacher in order to collaborate on strategies for each
student based on the teacher's evaluation of their behavior. The teacher provides feedback on
the student's academic progress using observations in the classroom.
4. What parents/guardians’/comments were most common during Card-Giving Day?

During my interview, a few parents expressed joy when they saw their child studying
diligently on the day of receiving the card. They also showed gratitude towards the
instructor for putting in effort to assist their children. Other parents discussed ways their
child could boost their grades and reach the desired grade for each lesson.
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Reflect
What personal message do I get from these students’ scores, grades and parents’/guardians’
PTC attendance and comments?
During my conversation with the teacher, I discovered that some parents and children appreciate
the instructor for providing feedback and aiding their learning, while others question why they
were graded so low. The teacher meticulously details the test grades, activities, and performance
to the student. Consequently, help parents support students in enhancing their understanding,
hard work, and skills.
Write Action Research

Prompts
OBSERVE
1. One good thing that I observe in scoring/grading/Parents-Teachers Conference was
The teacher did it correctly right when the class began. At the beginning of the class,
students must be told about how their grades will be determined, emphasizing that
only their academic performance will be considered for the final grade. Furthermore,
avoid having preconceived opinions. Examine the evidence if you have doubts.
Award a higher grade in case of uncertainty.
2. One good thing that did not go very well in scoring/grading/Parents-Teachers
Conference was When parents didn't show up and were confused about their child's
grade.
REFLECT
The scoring/grading/Parents-Teachers Conference went well because
The Parent-Teacher Conference was successful as the teacher and parents had a good
relationship, with the teacher allowing parents to ask questions that were answered in
a clear and understandable manner.
The scoring/grading/Parents-Teachers Conference did not go well because

Some parents were tardy to the meeting and therefore missed the beginning of the
discussion between the teacher and other parents.
ACT
To ensure that the scoring, grading and the conduct of PTC serve their purpose, i.e. to ensure
that students learn, I will read researchers on … or view video on More research or
observation is required in order for me to better understand strategies that will assist in
achieving the objectives of ensuring seamless scoring and execution of Parent-Teacher
Conferences, as well as enhancing student learning.
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PLAN
To help improve scoring, grading practices and the conduct of PTC, I would like to conduct
an action research on
By conducting research, observations, and interviews, we can gain insight into how to
enhance skills. Additional methods, like using grading systems or holding Parent-Teacher
Conferences, can also motivate teachers and parents to support children in reaching their
educational objectives.
Compile samples of scoring and grade computation that you did. The tests and
products/portfolios that you score and Students’ Report Card must belong to the same
students to see development. Include snapshots of PTC s and list of parents’/guardians’
comments during PTC and how these comments were addresses.
LEARNING EPISODE
104
Writing an
19 Initial Action
Research Plan
Notice
Remember: Noticing is making sense of your observations and making interpretation to adapt
to the situation. It begins with paying attention that leads to interpretation and deciding what
action should be taken.
Making a capsule Action Research Plan will prepare you to undertake an actual Action
Research. You will also be able to assist your mentor to do similar research together.
In the past episodes focusing on the key aspects of teaching and learning, you have answered
the Action Research Writing prompts. Go back to these and choose which episode topic you
would like to work on as you write an action research plan.
Here are the episodes and the pages where you can find them. Review each Action Research
Writing Prompt and choose one to work on to elaborate in these episode.
Action
Episode Title Research
Writing
Prompts page
1 The Teacher We Remember 7
2 Embedding Action Research for Reflective Teaching 15
3 Understanding AR Concepts, Processes and Models 26
4 Matching Problematic Learning Situation with Probable Action 34
5 Preparing the Learning Environment: An Overview 40
6 Enhancing a Face-to-Face Learning Environment 46
7 Making On-Line or Virtual learning Environment Safe and Conducive 55
8 Establishing My own Classroom Routines and Procedures in a Face- 62
toFace/Remote Learning
9 Creating My Classroom/Remote Learning Management Plan 71
10 Writing My Learning/Lesson Plans 82
11 Delivering My Lessons 94
12 Selecting Non-digital or Conventional Resources and Instructional 107
Materials
13 utilizing Applications (Apps) for Teaching and Learning 118
14 Utilizing Learning Management Systems 129
15 Utilizing Web-Conferencing Apps for Synchronous E-Learning 140
16 Assessing FOR, AS and OF Learning 149
17 Using Traditional and Authentic Types of Assessment for Formative 161
and Summative
18 Grading and Reporting 171
19 Writing an Initial Action Research Plan
105
Analyze
We said at the beginning that all teachers could make an Action Research. It is easy to do it.
Let’s try doing it. Today, you shall develop a Plan for our Action Research by following the
sample cycle. You will share your output your mentor for an opportunity to work together.
Topic you chose: (from the past episodes) _____________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Episode number and Title:
_________________________________________________ Writing Action
Research Prompt page: ______________ Model A:
Activity 1: Developing an Initial Research Action Plan
A. Observe/Notice
What problem/concern have I noticed that affect teaching-learning?
Examples response: The problem I have noticed is that there is a lot of competition in
the classroom. The slow learners are left behind.
• Write your own observed/noticed classroom problem here:
The issue I see in the teaching and learning process is that some of the kids have a
very hard time reading and mispronounce every word they read.
B. Reflect
Think deeply of the problem and your observation. Why is this happening? Can the
slow learners be helped? How will it be done?
Example response: I think most of the activities are very competitive. There are
always, winners or losers. The smart students overrule the poor students thus often
they continue to be losers. With this situation, I believe, that I should modify my
classroom strategy.
Therefore, I believe it is because of the exercises they provide, as each student has a
different capacity for fully comprehending the course. I will so alter my approach in
the classroom.
106
• Write your reflective response to the problem you stated:
Although E-Learning has its benefits, it raises certain worries for learners currently.
Despite being difficult, students need to understand the importance of practice in order to
fully benefit from e-learning in the future. By adjusting their attitude and improving their
technological literacy, they will develop confidence to succeed in their studies with a
positive mindset. Having a fundamental knowledge of computer hardware would enable
them to engage in online classes without experiencing any interruptions or challenges.
Students may change their perspectives and enhance their readiness for online classes by
comprehending and spreading awareness of the advantages of e-learning among their
peers.
C. Plan for Action Key questions:

- What will I do as a teacher to solve the problem?
As a future teacher, we must steer clear of anything that may disrupt your capacity to learn. You
should have fun and interact with others through different methods of communication. Although
challenging, students must understand that practicing is essential for them to enjoy the
advantages of e-learning in the future.
- How will I describe my intervention, innovation, or actions to be

identified problem?
Students' perception of the relevance of courses is the key factor in motivating them. Ensure that
students comprehend the objectives and structure of the session, along with your anticipated
level of performance from them. It is crucial to keep up student interest and passion.
- How long will I take to introduce the intervention?
While the amount of instructional support needed for student advancement may differ, studies
suggest that high school students typically need 8-16 weeks of intervention to make progress.
- With whom shall I work?

We will collaborate with Principal of Dagupan City National High School to ask permission to
conduct our research action at their school and of course we will collaborate with our Resource
Teacher Sir Janis Palaganas and to the Grade 10 Section 11 students of the said school, to gather
their ideas, information, and experiences during Face to Face claases.
- What materials do I need?

We will provide an hard copy of our survey questionnaire to gather their information about of
our Action Research
- Are methods, participants, data collection, time tables considered in

my Plan for Action?
Example response: my plan is to introduce cooperative learning in the classroom. I create a

mixed ability grouping with fast, average and slow learners in their activities. I will rotate the
leadership in the group, so that each one will have a chance. The bright will assist or help the
slow ones. I will try out for eight weeks. I think I can work alone in with my students. I need
only tables and chairs or if not available, arm chairs arranged in circles will be an alternative.
• Write your own Plan of Action Research based on the key questions. You give
more details.
Our goal is to provide excellent assistance to kids so they may learn more
effectively. It will help them face-to-face by using a positive outlook.
Perception of the relevance of the course is perhaps the most important aspect
in motivating pupils. We will work with our resource teacher and the Grade
10 students at Dagupan City National High School during their in-person
lesson to gather their opinions, expertise, and experiences. We will require a
paper copy of our survey during their in-person interviews so that we can
gather information and get their thoughts and experiences. Our action plan
took into account the methods, participants' data collecting, and the timeline
107
for obtaining data information.
D. References
Include at least 3 reading materials about the intervention that will be used. Example
response
Aji, A., & Khan, A. (2019). The Role of Active Learning in Enhancing Academic Performance:
A Review. International Journal of Education and Practice, 7(3), 45-58.
This article explores how active learning strategies can improve academic outcomes across
various subjects, including physical education, and emphasizes the importance of student
engagement in the classroom.
List of Readings for Cooperative Learning

1. C. Brame & Beil , R. (2015) Group work; Using cooperate learning groups
effectively. http://cft.vanderbilt.rdu/guides-sub-pages
2. G. Palmer, (2017) Cooperative learning-Instructional Methods, Strategies, and
Technologies. Granite pressbooks, pb,Chap.7
3. D. Johnson & R, Johnson (2017) Cooperative Learning. University of Minnesota,
USA
• Enter your own reading list
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________
E. Act (Implementation of the Action Research Plan)

Note: The implementation of the Plan will follow when time allows. A more detailed
Research Action Plan will be required. The McNiff and Whitehead (2014) of DepEd (2016)
models may be used depending on the advice of your mentor.
Now, to further elaborate on your Action Research Plan, use the Dep Ed
template below:
Remember to read the rubric in this episode to know how your teacher will
evaluate your Action Research plan. This rubric will remind you of the criteria for an
excellent action research plan.
You can also watch this short video, explaining the parts of the DepEd Action
research template: HOW TO WRITE AN ACTION RESEARCH PROPOSAL? Deped
Order No.16. s.2017 - YouTube
Here is the link of the sample proposal discussed in the video:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344608953_Improving_Attendance_and
_Academic_Performance_Among
_Grade_12_Students_through_IncentiveBased_Intervention
Model B: DepEd Template
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Name: Maria Jesusa S. Ocampo
Proposed Title: Enhancing Academic Performance Through ActiveParticipation in
Class among Grade 10 Students in MAPEH at Dagupan City National High School
I. Context and Rationale Study Background

Active student participation in the classroom is known to improve academic
performance. When students engage in group discussions, work with peers, and take part
in hands-on activities, they tend to develop better critical thinking, problem-solving
skills, and motivation. In subjects like MAPEH (Music, Arts, Physical Education, and
Health), this type of active learning can help create a positive classroom environment,
encourage student interaction, and improve learning outcomes (Edu Engagement, 2024;
ResearchGate, 2023). Research shows that engaged students are more likely to retain
information, develop strong analytical skills, and perform better in their studies (Aji &
Khan, 2019).
However, there is still limited research on how active participation specifically affects
MAPEH, which combines both academic content and practical skills. Additionally, we
don't fully understand what motivates students such as peer support, self-confidence, or
teaching methods—to get involved in class activities. This is particularly important for
Grade 10 students in public schools, like those at Dagupan City National High School,
where little research has been done on this topic (Oda, 2015; Tagon, 2019).
This study aims to fill these gaps by exploring the link between active class participation
and academic performance in MAPEH for Grade 10 students. It will look at how
different active learning strategies impact student engagement and outcomes, and
identify the factors that encourage students to participate in class. The goal is to find the
most effective methods for improving student success in MAPEH and to offer insights
that can help teachers create a more engaging and motivating learning experience for
their students.
II. Action Research Question AR Questions
Thus, this paper aims to gather valuable insights into the role of active participation in
enhancing academic performance. Specially it will seek to answer the following
question:
1. How does the teacher’s encouragement of active participation affect students'
engagement and performance in MAPEH?
2. How does the type of active participation relate to the academic performance in
music, arts, physical education, and health of the respondents in terms of the following:
a. Answering questions
b. Group work
c. Hands-on activities
3. What are the most common forms of active participation that Grade 10 students
engage in during MAPEH classes?
4. Does active participation in MAPEH classes correlate with improved skills in the
practical aspects of the subject music. arts, pe, health?
5. What role does peer interaction during class activities play in enhancing academic
performance in Music, arts, pe, health?
III. Proposal Innovation, Intervention Strategy Describe

Innovation/Intervention/Strategy
When researching ways to improve academic performance through active participation
among Grade 10 students at Dagupan City National High School, it’s important to
ensure that students understand the study and feel comfortable participating without fear
of negative consequences. The study should protect students' privacy by keeping their
information confidential and should create an inclusive environment where all voices are
valued, no matter how much they participate. Researchers should also be aware of the
students' diverse backgrounds, making sure participation methods are accessible to
everyone and fostering a supportive atmosphere for sharing thoughts and experiences.
109
IV. Action Research Methods (Describe Action Research Methods)
a. Participants/Other sources of Data
By using action research to explore the impact of active participation in
MAPEH, educators can create a more engaging and dynamic classroom
environment, fostering improved academic performance. Through consistent
reflection and adjustment, this approach offers a practical method for
continuously improving teaching strategies to benefit students in the long
term.
b. Data Gathering Method
A letter was sent to the principal of Dagupan City National High School
to request permission for study. After receiving approval, the researcher sought
permission from the classroom adviser and provided the necessary documentation. Once
approved, the researcher distributed questionnaires to the students and later collected and
tallied the responses from the Grade 10 students.
c. Data Analysis Plan

The data analysis plan for this action research will focus on evaluating
how active participation in class can enhance the academic performance of Grade 10
students in the MAPEH (Music, Arts, PE, and Health) subject. The goal is to
systematically analyze various forms of data collected before, during, and after the
intervention to identify trends, correlations, and patterns in students’ performance and
participation.
V. Action Research Work Plan (Summarize Action Research Work Plan)

This study aims to fill these gaps by exploring the link between active class
participation and academic performance in MAPEH for Grade 10 students. It
will look at how different active learning strategies impact student
engagement and outcomes, and identify the factors that encourage students
to participate in class. The goal is to find the most effective methods for
improving student success in MAPEH and to offer insights that can help
teachers create a more engaging and motivating learning experience for their
students.
VI. Cost Estimate (Write Cost Estimate)
VII. Plan for Dissemination and Utilization (Describe how the results will be
shared)
110
VIII. References (Write at least three references.)
Aji, A., & Khan, A. (2019). The Role of Active Learning in Enhancing
Academic Performance: A Review. International Journal of Education and
Practice, 7(3), 45-58.
This article explores how active learning strategies can improve academic
outcomes across various subjects, including physical education, and
emphasizes the importance of student engagement in the classroom.
Reflect
Remember: Reflection is a process of making sense of one’s previous experience.

Please take a look at what you do in the classroom and think about why you do it.
Recall things that you have done in the previous segment. You may include your
thoughts, feelings, reasoning, relating and reconstructions about it.
What was your experience in writing the action research plan?

am very experienced in creating action research plans because it helps me stay aware of
the many challenges present in education. Several factors have the potential to impact the
teaching and learning process, leading to inadequate knowledge acquisition and
hindering students' learning advancements. As researchers, we acknowledge the
significance of this action research plan as more than just paperwork that overwhelms
educators. It is a vital document that must be heeded to address educational issues
effectively. Deciding on the issue to focus on and the actions, treatments, and strategies
to address or modify the situation makes conducting an action research study difficult.
What knowledge, attitude, and skills did you have that helped you accomplish it?
In order to accomplish this, we relied on our expertise, mindset, and abilities, including
being meticulous and being able to address challenges in the teaching and learning
journey through research. Self-reflection plays a crucial role in action research as it
enables researchers to strategize, implement changes, and then reflect once more. Action
researchers not only examine the lives of others but also reflect on their own roles as
researchers and practitioners. Factors such as communication, interpersonal skills,
problem-solving, and confidence help us reach our goals. Having a positive mindset and
a willingness to put in the effort assist us in achieving our goals.
What do you still need to learn and develop in yourself to be a skilled teacher-
researcher?
I still need to improve my abilities in collecting and arranging information to become a
successful teacher-researcher. Teachers who conduct research gather large amounts of
data daily and analyze it swiftly to make informed decisions. Effective time management
allows individuals to choose how they spend or manage their activities at their own
convenience. Time management involves planning and consciously controlling the time
allocated to different tasks to enhance effectiveness, efficiency, and productivity.
111
Your artifact will be taken from your activity in preparing an action research plan in
this episode. You will just expand the answer that you have given and place in the
template below.
My initial Action Research Plan
Proposed Title: Enhancing Academic Performance Through ActiveParticipation in

Class among Grade 10 Students in MAPEH at Dagupan City National High School
I. My Identified Problem:
At Dagupan City National High School, Grade 10 students in the MAPEH
(Music, Arts, Physical Education, and Health) subject show relatively low
academic performance, which may be linked to insufficient active participation
in class. Despite the potential of MAPEH to engage students through hands-on
activities, discussions, and group work, many students exhibit minimal
involvement in these interactive components. This lack of active participation
could be hindering their ability to develop critical skills such as problem-solving,
collaboration, and creative expression, which are essential for academic success
in the subject. Moreover, the factors influencing this low engagement, such as
teaching methods, peer dynamics, or individual student motivation, are not well
understood. Consequently, there is a need to explore effective strategies that can
enhance student participation in MAPEH classes, thereby improving their
academic performance and overall learning experience.
II. My Reflection about the Problem

The issue of low academic performance among Grade 10 students in MAPEH at
Dagupan City National High School, linked to insufficient active participation in
class, highlights a critical gap in both teaching practices and student engagement.
As educators, we recognize that active participation plays a fundamental role in
student learning especially in a subject like MAPEH, which requires not only
theoretical knowledge but also practical skills, creativity, and physical activity.
III. My Plan of Action:

Develop Active Learning Strategies
 Collaborative Learning Activities:
o Organize group projects or performances where students collaborate in
music, arts, or physical activities.
o Encourage peer-to-peer feedback and support during group discussions and
artistic projects.
o Implement team-based physical challenges or health-related presentations
that require teamwork.
 Interactive Lessons:
o Use multimedia tools (e.g., videos, interactive apps) to make learning more
engaging and relatable to students.
o Incorporate technology to allow students to explore MAPEH topics through
virtual simulations or educational platforms.
o Introduce real-world scenarios in the lessons (e.g., organizing a health
campaign, creating a community art project).
 Hands-on Activities:
o For physical education, design fitness challenges or team sports tournaments
that make physical activity enjoyable.
112
o Encourage students to create art projects or perform music pieces as a way to
express their understanding.
o Implement field trips or in-class demonstrations where students can
experience MAPEH in action (e.g., visiting a local health center, attending a
musical performance).
References:
Aji, A., & Khan, A. (2019). The Role of Active Learning in Enhancing Academic
Performance: A Review. International Journal of Education and Practice, 7(3), 45-58.
This article explores how active learning strategies can improve academic outcomes across
various subjects, including physical education, and emphasizes the importance of student
engagement in the classroom.
Submitted by:
Name: Maria Jesusa S. Ocampo Degree Pursued: ____________

Name of Institution: _________________________________________ SY 2024
JOB WELL DONE!

Remember, in the succeeding episodes, you will be reflecting back on how you can
conduct an Action Research in the different topics that you will be able to participate and
assist.
Good luck to all. Enjoy your journey to becoming a Reflection Teacher Practitioner!
113

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FIELD STUDY 2

Observation of Teaching in Actual School Environment

OCAMPO, MARIA JESUSA S.

Ma’am EMELITA S. GALSIM

2. Are these competencies limited only to professional competencies?

3. For a teacher to be great, which is more important – personal qualities or professional

5.Who are the teachers we remember use?

Which professional competencies am I strongly capable of demonstrating?

In which competencies do I need to develop more?

• I have to put in a lot of effort to strengthen my professional time management and

Who are the teachers we remember most?

Write Action Research Prompts:

2. REFLECT The lack of these personal traits and professional competencies

b. My specific research questions are:

CHECK FOR MASTERY

3.Which professional competency refers to content knowledge and pedagogy?

c)The joyful learner

LEARNING EPISODE Embedding Action

2 Research for Reflective

Participate and Assist

From the title, I think, the study

3. What benefit you get as a student in FS 2 in Choices:

4. In what ways, can you assist your mentor in Choices:

What do I hope to achieve?

Write a probable solution to the problematic situation above

In my role as a prospective Action Researcher, I can prepare for a suitable intervention by

If I conduct or implement my plan, what can be its title?

CHECK FOR MASTERY

1. Every future teacher should do action research because

2. Spotting a problematic situation in teaching and learning will

3. Which of the following statements motivates a teacher to do action research?

4. "Every teacher, should be an action researcher." This statement is

5. Which of the following statement is TRUE?

Enhancing Academic Performance Through Active Participation in Class among Grade 10

OCAMPO, MARIA JESUSA S.

Ma’am EMELITA S. GALSIM

3 Concepts and Models

Choose the AR sample Abstract that you submitted in Episode 2.

Key Components Entry from your Sample AR

REFLECT Reflection: .The abstract mentions a participatory approach, suggesting

Participation in Classes among Grade 10 Students in

Key Components Action Research Process

I. Context and Rationale The abstract provides the context (Grade 10

As a future teacher, is conducting an Action Research worth doing?

b.Poor performance of the students in their behavior

c.What are the strengths and weaknesses of that specific competency?

a. Which aspect of the topic requires more attention?

b. Which skills require improvement?

CHECK FOR MASTERY

1. Action research requires a teacher to be:

✓observant of what is happening in the classroom.

✓asking one self of how to improve teaching.

Xfollowing the daily routine all the time.

✓finding ways on how children should learn better

Xblaming learners for their inability to learn.

✓Observe, Reflect, Plan, Act

XObserve, Plan, Act, Reflect

XReflect, Act, Plan, Observe

XPlan, Observe, Act, Reflect

XModify, Observe, Plan, Reflect