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    Bacteria

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    edwardsutanto
    The document discusses four species of bacteria from the genus Rickettsia: Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia ricketsii, Rickettsia prowazekii, and Rickettsia typhi. All four are obligate intracellular bacteria that can cause tick-borne or flea-borne diseases in humans. They infect and multiply within endothelial cells. Common symptoms include fever, headache, rash and myalgias. Diagnosis involves serology, PCR or immunohistochemistry. Treatment is usually with doxycycline or other antibiotics. Complications can include organ dysfunction or failure. Prevention focuses on avoiding tick/flea bites and removing attached ticks promptly.

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    Bacteria

    Uploaded by

    edwardsutanto
    12 views3 pages
    The document discusses four species of bacteria from the genus Rickettsia: Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia ricketsii, Rickettsia prowazekii, and Rickettsia typhi. All four are obligate intracellular bacteria that can cause tick-borne or flea-borne diseases in humans. They infect and multiply within endothelial cells. Common symptoms include fever, headache, rash and myalgias. Diagnosis involves serology, PCR or immunohistochemistry. Treatment is usually with doxycycline or other antibiotics. Complications can include organ dysfunction or failure. Prevention focuses on avoiding tick/flea bites and removing attached ticks promptly.

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    The document discusses four species of bacteria from the genus Rickettsia: Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia ricketsii, Rickettsia prowazekii, and Rickettsia typhi. All four are obligate intracellular bacteria that can cause tick-borne or flea-borne diseases in humans. They infect and multiply within endothelial cells. Common symptoms include fever, headache, rash and myalgias. Diagnosis involves serology, PCR or immunohistochemistry. Treatment is usually with doxycycline or other antibiotics. Complications can include organ dysfunction or failure. Prevention focuses on avoiding tick/flea bites and removing attached ticks promptly.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    12 views3 pages

    Bacteria

    Uploaded by

    edwardsutanto
    The document discusses four species of bacteria from the genus Rickettsia: Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia ricketsii, Rickettsia prowazekii, and Rickettsia typhi. All four are obligate intracellular bacteria that can cause tick-borne or flea-borne diseases in humans. They infect and multiply within endothelial cells. Common symptoms include fever, headache, rash and myalgias. Diagnosis involves serology, PCR or immunohistochemistry. Treatment is usually with doxycycline or other antibiotics. Complications can include organ dysfunction or failure. Prevention focuses on avoiding tick/flea bites and removing attached ticks promptly.

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    Bacteria

    : Ehrlichiaspp.

    Microbiological classification : gram-negative, reside within cytoplasmic vacuoles Virulence factors :

    Epidemiology and Risk of exposure : tick-borne zoonoses Microbiological DX Pathogenesis : PCR : After entering the skin by tick bite inoculation and being spread presumably through lymphatic and blood vessels, ehrlichiae invade target cells of the hematopoietic and lymphoreticular systems. Clinical manifestation : Human monocytotrophic ehrlichiosis (fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated serum transaminase levels) Other clinical Dx test Treatment Possible complication : indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and RT-PCR : Doxycycline, or tetracycline : adult respiratory distress syndrome, acute renal insufficiency, central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities, including

    meningoencephalitis, coagulopathy, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and death Prevention : avoidance of tick exposure, regular careful search of the body for ticks after exposure, and prompt removal of ticks from the body.

    Bacteria

    : Rickettsia ricketsii

    Microbiological classification : obligately intracellular bacteria; stained by the Gimenez method or with acridine orange Virulence factors : surface proteins (OmpA and OmpB) tick-borne zoonoses (Dermacentor, Rhipicephalus,

    Epidemiology and Risk of exposure :

    Amblyomma) Microbiological DX : isolation of R. rickettsii from the blood

    Pathogenesis

    : Rickettsiae introduced into the skin apparently spread via lymphatics and small blood vessels to the systemic and pulmonary circulation where they attach to and induce phagocytosis by their target cellsthe vascular endotheliumto establish numerous disseminated foci of infection.

    Clinical manifestation Other clinical Dx test Treatment Possible complication Prevention

    : Spotted Fever (fever, myalgia, headache, and rash) : immunohistochemistry, PCR : Doxycycline : : no vaccine is available currently

    Bacteria

    : Rickettsia prowazekii

    Microbiological classification : obligately intracellular, small coccobacillus Virulence factors :

    Epidemiology and Risk of exposure : transmitted between patients by the human body louse (Pediculus humanus corporis) Microbiological DX : indirect immunofluorescence assay, and an immunoglobulin (Ig) G titer Pathogenesis : After inoculation into the skin, R. prowazekii spreads throughout the body via the bloodstream. Rickettsiae enter mainly through endothelial cells and, to a lesser extent, through macrophages by induced phagocytosis; they escape from the phagosome into the cytosol, where they proliferate until the cell bursts Clinical manifestation : Epidemic typhus(fever, headache, chills, myalgias, rash (Erythematous 2- to 6-mm macules appeared most often on the trunk), conjunctival injection.) Other clinical Dx test Treatment : Weil-Felix reaction : Doxycycline, Chloramphenicol

    Possible complication

    : Marked delirium, severe cough, hemorrhagic rash, gangrene, coma, death

    Prevention

    : Control of body lice is the mainstay in the prevention of epidemic typhus. No vaccine is currently available

    Bacteria

    : Rickettsia typhi

    Microbiological classification : obligately intracellular Virulence factors : OmpB

    Epidemiology and Risk of exposure : tropical and subtropical seaboard regions, where the most important rat reservoirs (Rattus spp.) and flea vectors (Xenopsylla cheopis) are found Microbiological DX Pathogenesis : indirect fluorescent antibody : As vascular injury accumulates, a substantial loss of intravascular volume, albumin, and electrolytes occurs, and leukocytes and platelets are consumed at foci of infection. With multifocal heavy infection and attendant inflammation, vascular and parenchymal injury may yield localized symptoms, signs, or laboratory findings related to the sites of infection and injury. Clinical manifestation Other clinical Dx test : Murine typhus(fever, headache, myalgias, nausea or vomiting) : immunohistologic demonstration of R. typhi in tissues and polymerase chain reaction amplification of rickettsial nucleic acids in peripheral blood. Treatment Possible complication : doxycycline, rifampin, chloramphenicol, and fluoroquinolones : central nervous system abnormalities, renal insufficiency, or respiratory failure Prevention : directed primarily toward the control of flea vectors and potential flea hosts

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