REVISION TEST (1) 1718

1. Decide if the following statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F)

l. Semantics is a branch of linguistics dealing with the forms of words.
2. Speaker meaning is sometimes distinct from linguistic meaning.
3. Many different referring expressions may be used to enable the listener to identify the
same referent.
4. Reference, extension and prototype all focus on the relationship inside the language.
5. Homophones are words which have the same sound form but which have different
meanings and written forms.
6. Sometimes synonyms can have either positive or negative connotations.
7. THEIR and THERE are homographs.
8. The same sentence can be realized by different utterances.
9. A sentence which expresses the proposition as another sentence is an entailment of that
sentence.
10. The semantic structure of a simple declarative sentence reveals two major roles: subject
and predicate.
ll. Polysemy takes place when a word has many unrelated meanings.
12. The predicate "give" is a two-place predicate.
13. The sense relation found in SPRING SUMMEWAUTUMN/WINTER is multiple
incompatabilities.
14. Hyponymy is a sense relation between predicates in which the meaning of one predicate
is included in the meaning of the other. For example, the meaning of FISH include the meaning
of SALMON and SARDINE.
15. A stereotype of a predicate is a typical member of its extension.
16. An analytic sentence is one which may be either true or false depending on the way the
world is.
17. There are some phrases, in particular indefinite noun phrases, which can be used in two
ways, either as referring expressions, or as predicating expressions.
18. If a referring expression is a deictic term, it helps to identify the referent through its
spacial, temporal relationship with the situation of utterance.
19. The two sentences (a) A cat is chasing a rat and (b) A rat is being chased by a cat have
different propositions.
20. The affected participant is the person deliberately carrying out the action described.

Il. Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to each question.

l. Which of the following is not about sentence (or word) meaning?
A. It is what a speaker means when he or she uses a piece of language.
B. It is what a sentence or a word means.
C. It is what it counts as the equivalent of in the language concerned.
 D. It is the answer to the question "What does X mean?"
2. . is any expression used in an utterance to refer to something or someone, i.e.,
used with a particular referent in mind.
A. The predicator of a simple declarative sentence. C. A synonym
B. A referring expression D. The extension of a predicate
3. Donald Trump and The President ofthe USA in 2017 refer to the same..
A. sense B. referent C. proposition D. idea
4. The two sentences (a) The weather is fine and (b) Is the weatherfine? are said.
A. to have the same proposition B. to be contradictory
C. to be paraphrases of each other D. to entail each other
5. "Jill" in the sentence Jill liked the present plays the role of. .
A. affected B. agent C. experiencer D. beneficiary
6. The word BANK (the edge of a river) and BANK (a finacial institution) are..
A. homonyms B. antonyms C. synonyms D. homographs
7. DEAD and ALIVE are..
A. gradable antonyms B. relational antonyms
C. scalar D. complementary antonyms
8. Propositions.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A. can be true or false B. can be grammatical or not
C. can be in a particular regional accent D. can be in a particular language.
9. Bachelors are married men is an example of..
A. analytic B. synthetic C. contradictory D. expressive
10.In which of the following sentences does the predicate "gift" function as a predicator?
A. John gave Mary a gift B. This watch is a gift
C. The gift is precious D. Mary liked his generous gift.

Ill. Identify the thematic roles (participant roles) of each of the underlined noun
phrases in the sentences below:
l. Mary put the new book on the shelf.
2. Charles built Emily a bookcase.
3. We removed the stones from the stove.
4. The climbers finally reached the summit of the mountain.
5. Mary cut the cake with a knife.

IV. Disambiguate the following ambiguous sentences by giving each one two
paraphrases which are not paraphrases of each other.
l. The boy looked at the dog with one eye.
2. He fed her cat food.
3. The burglar watched the millionaire walk upstairs through the keyhole of the mansion door.
4. My friend and I are getting married this summer.
5. Visiting relatives can be boring.

REVISION TEST (2) 1819

1. Decide if the following statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F)
l. The sense of an expression is its place in a system of semantic relationships with other
expressions in the language.
2. Every expression that has meaning has sense and also has reference.
3. Uttering is an act performed by particular speakers on particular occasions.
4. A referring expression is any expression used in an utterance to refer to something or
someone, i.e, used with a particular referent in mind.
5. Mary, a car, and between could be used as referring expressions.
6. Auckland is a large city is an equative sentence.
7. In The gorilla at the zoo is a male, the predicate male functions as a predicator.
8. give is a three-place predicate.
9. The prototype of a predicate is a list of the typical characteristics or features of things to
which the predicate may be applied.
10.Cultural differences result from different prototypes.
ll. Synonymy is to hyponymy as entailment is to paraphrase.
12. The Sun, the Earth, the Evening Star have constant reference.
13. A double-decker bus could be a prototype for the predicate bus for a British-English
speaker.
14. flower is the superordinate term of tulip, rose, carrot, sunflower, cucumber; cherry.
15. Antonymy is not restricted to just one part of speech.

Il. Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to each question.

is that part of the meaning of the utterance of a declarative sentence
which describes some state of affairs.
A. utterance B. sentence C. proposition D. argument
2. Which is NOT true about sentence?
A. Sentences can be true or false. B. Sentences can be grammatical or not.
C. Sentences are in a particular language. D. Sentences are in a particular regional
accent.
3. Which of the following could NOT be used as a referring expression?
A. my teacher B. travel C. Donald Trump D. a dog
4. Which of the following is NOT an equative sentence?
A. The Beatles is my favorite band
B. The male of the species guards the eggs.
 C. The person in the corner is my English teacher.
D. Angela Merkel is the current Prime Minister of Germany.
5. Which of the following is a two-place predicate?
A. pretty B. kick C. female D. between
6. How many referring expressions are there in the sentence: A wasp makes its nest in a hole
in a tree?
A. none B. one C. three D. four
7. In which of the following utterances is the proposition asserted by the speaker?
A. "Please keep your room tidy and clean."
B. "Have you ever met with a celebrity?"

C. "How about going to the movies this weekend?"

D. "My literature teacher has finished writing a novel."
8. In which of the following does the definite article the signal definiteness?
A. She taught herself to play the piano.
B. The house next to mine is very beautiful.
C. My father likes listening to the radio.
D. The average American family watches TV after dinner.
9. Which of the following connect(s) language to the world?
A. sense B. extension C. reference
10. Which of the following sentences is an analytic sentence?
A. Mary's kitten is so cute.
B. Alice's five-year-old daughter is a girl.
C. Tom's wife is an English history teacher.
D. University students are afraid of exams.

ll. Which of the following is a contradictory?

A. Our uncle is going to buy a new house.
B. George Washington was the first president.
C. My unmarried brother is married to a spinster.
D. Newly-married couples go on honeymoon the day after the wedding.

12.Which of the following pairs of words are converses?

A. parents/offspring B. awake/asleep
C. South/North D. love/hate

13.Which of the following pairs of words are binary antonyms?

 A. table chair B. honest/dishornest
C.interviewer/interviewee D. high/low
14.fork (a place where a road divides into two parts vs. instrument for eating) is a case of..
A. polysemy B. hyponymy C. synonymy D. antonymy
15.The two sentences (a) Tom can swim and (b) Can Tom swim? are said.
A. to have the same proposition C. to be contradictories B. to
be paraphrases of each other D. to entail each other

Ill. Indicate the predicators and arguments in the following sentences:

l. The soup was boiling. 2. Mary watered the flowers.
3. Alice is doing her homework. 4. My brother is a chef.
5. Helen put the book on the table.

IV. Identify the participant roles of each of the underlined noun phrases in the sentences
below:
l. Andrea sent the package to her mother.
2. Jane sliced the sausage with a knife.
3. The window was broken by Charlie.
4. Mary smelled the burning cake from the oven.

5. We saw our former teacher in Paris.

V. Disambiguate the following ambiguous sentences by giving each one two paraphrases
which are not paraphrases of each other.
l. We admire the American literature teacher.
2. Are you looking for a match?
3. My father is looking for a match.
4. We admire the English history teacher.
cre: midterm thầy Bình
I-Decide whether the following statements are true or false by blackening either
T or F:
1 Semantics is the study of meaning in language.
2 Two important meanings of the verb to mean are a-to be equivalent to
and b-to intend to convey.
3 Speaker meaning is what it counts as the equivalent of in the
language concerned.
4 Sentence meaning (or word meaning) is what a speaker intends to
convey when he uses a piece of language.
5 The same sentence can be used by different speakers on different
occasions to mean different things.
6 If a speaker says, ‘Alive means the opposite of death’, the meaning of the
verb means is to intend to convey.
7 In the sentence It wasn’t what he said but what he meant, the
meaning of meant is to be equivalent to.
8 An utterance is any stretch of talk, by one person, before and after
which there is silence on the part of that person.
9 A sentence is a grammatically string of words expressing a
complete thought.
10 An utterance can not be made up of a word or a phrase.
11 Both utterances and sentences are used in languages.
12 Utterances are not physical events. They are not used in any

anguage. F A sentence is a physical events. It has voice qualities.

13

14 Anything in italics represents an utterance and anything written between

two single quotation marks represents a sentence.
 15 The two sentences Hellen rolled up the carpet and Hellen rolled the
carpet up are different sentences
16 A proposition is that part of the meaning of the utterance of a
declarative sentence which describes some state of affairs.

17-T F By uttering a simple declarative sentence, a speaker asserts a proposition.

In uttering an imperative sentence a speaker typically asserts a

18-T F
proposition.

19-T F The two sentences John can go and Can John go? have
different propositional contents.

20-T F Normally, when a speaker utters an interrogative sentences, he

commits himself to the truth of the corresponding proposition.

21-T F By uttering a declarative sentence a speaker can mention a

particular proposition, without asserting its truth.

22-T F The quality of being true or false can not be found in utterances,
sentences and propositions.

23-T F The sentences in different languages can correspond to the

same proposition if the sentences are perfect translations of
one other.

24-T F A sentence can be grammatical or not.

25-T F A sentence is tied to a particular time and place.

26-T F By means of reference, a speaker indicates which things in the

world (including persons) are being talked about.

27-T F In the sentence My son is in the garden, the phrase My son identifies
the person my son. The relationship between the phrase My son and
the person my son is called sense.

28-T F The word country has constant reference.

29-T F The word man has variable reference.
30-T F Two different expressions the Morning star and the Evening star
have the same referent: Venus.
31-T F When an expression is used to refer only to one thing, we have
constant reference.

32-T F The same expression can be used to refer to different things. This is
the case of variable reference.

33-T F The sense of an expression is its place in a system of

semantic relationships with other expressions in the
34-T F language.
35-T F Sameness of meaning is one of the sense relationships in the
language. In many cases, the same word can have more than one
sense.

36-T F The two sentences Rupert took of his jacket and Rupert took his
jacket of have two different meanings.

37-T F A referring expression is any expression used in an utterance to refer

to something or someone, i.e. used with a particular referent in
mind.

38-T F A definite noun phrase can never be used as a referring expression.

39-T F A proper name can be used as a referring expression.

40-T F A personal pronoun can not be used as a referring expression.

41-T F An equative sentence is one which is used to assert the identity of

the referents of two referring expresions, i.e. to assert that the two
referring expressions have the same referent.

42-T F The sentence President Ho Chi Minh is Uncle Ho is an equative

sentence in Vietnam context.

43-T F A feature of many equative sentences is that the order of the two
referring expressions in the sentence can be reversed without loss of
acceptability.
44-T F The semantic analysis of simple declarative sentences reveals two
major semantic roles: predicate and referring expresion.

45-T F The predicator of the sentence I saw her yesterday is SEE.

46-T F The role of the predicator is played by a referring expression.

47-T F A predicate is any word (or sequence of words) which (in a given
single sense) can function as the predicator of a sentence.

48-T F The role of an argument is played by a referring expression.

49-T F Give as in He gave me a present is a predicate of degree two

(or two-place predicate).

50-T F A generic sentence is a sentence in which some statements is made

about a whole unrestricted class of individuals, as opposed to any
particular individual.

51-T F The sentence That whale over there is a mammal is a generic sentence.

52-T F The sentence Whales are mammals is a generic sentence.

53-T F A universe of discourse can be real, fictitious or partly fictitious.

54-T F A deictic word is one which takes some elements of meaning from
the context of situation of the utterance in which it is said.
55-T F The first personal pronoun singular I is deictic.
56-T F Today is a deictic word.

57-T F Here is a spatial deictic word.

58-T F The verbs come and go are not deictic words. The
59-T F universe of discourse is part of the context of an
60-T F utterance. The expression The moon is an
indefinite expression.
I- Decide whether the following statements are true or false by blackening either
T or F:

1- T F Semantics is the study of meaning in language.

2- T F Speaker meaning is what a speaker means (intend to convey) when he uses

a piece of language in a certain context.

3- T F A proposition is that part of the meaning of the utterance of a declarative

sentence which describes some state of affairs.

4- T F In terms of structure, a proposition can be defined as a semantic unit

consisting of a predicator and its arguments.

5- T F In He speaks English, the predicator is He.

6- T F Reference is the relationship between a word or an expression and another

word in the same language.

7- T F The linguistic form a speaker uses to refer is the sense of an expression.

8- T F A referring expression is any expression used in an utterance to refer to

something or someone (or clearly delimited collection of things or people),
i.e. used with a particular referent in mind.
9- T F The extension of one-place predicate is the set of all individuals to which
that predicate can truthfully be applied.
10- T F The extension of dog is the set of all animals which have two legs.

11- T F Sense involves the relationship between a word and a thing the word is used
to refer to..

12- T F Extension does not connect language to the world.

13- T F Extension depends on contexts.

14- T F The referent of a referring expression is the thing picked out by the use of
that expression on a particular occasion of utterance.

15- T F The prototype of a predicate is the typical member of its extension.

16- T F A double-decker bus is the prototype for the predicate bus in Vietnam.

17- T F A skyscraper is the prototype for the predicate building in America.

18- T F The notion extension, reference and sense are the same in that they refer to
the relationship between language and the world.

19- T F An analytic sentence is the one that is necessarily false.

20- T F Cats never live more than 20 years is a contradiction.

21- T F Bachelors are unmarried is a synthetic sentence.

22- T F A synthetic sentence is the one that is always false.

23- T F Bachelors are male is a contradiction.

24- T F My watch is slow is a analytic sentence.

25- T F A contradiction is a sentence that is necessarily true.

26- T F John killed Bill, who remained alive for many years after is a synthetic
sentence.
27- T F Alice is Ken’s sister is a synthetic sentence.

28- T F That man is human has the sense property of analyticity.

29- T F That man is a woman has the sense property of syntheticity.

30- T F The stereotype of a predicate is a list of all typical features of things to which
the predicate may be applied.
31- T F A stereotype is related to prototype in that they refer to the relationship
between language and the world. However, they are not the same in every
aspect.

32- T F The sense of an expression can be thought of as the sum of its sense
properties and sense relations with other expressions.

Synonymy is the relationship between two predicates that have the same
33- T F
sense.

34- T F In most dialects of English stubborn and obstinate are synonyms.

35- T F Purchase and buy are synonyms.

36- T F Kids and children are not synonyms.

37- T F Deep and profound are always synonyms in any context.

38- T F A sentence which expresses the same proposition as another sentence is a

paraphrase of that sentence.

39- T F The two sentences John is the parent of James and James is the parent of
John are paraphrases of each other.

40- T F The two sentences John is the parent of James and James is the child of John
are paraphrases of each other.

41- T F Hyponymy is a sense relation between predicates such that the meaning of
one predicate is included in the meaning of the other.

42- T F Animal is a hyponym of rose.

43- T F Rose is a hyponym of flower.

44- T F The statement X is a kind / type of Y stands for the relation of hyponymy.

45- T F Hyponymy can lead to entailment.

46- T F John cooked an egg entails John boiled an egg.

47- T F I saw a person entails I saw a boy.

48- T F Antonymy is the relation of inclusion.

49- T F Binary antonyms are predicates which come in pairs and between them
exhaust all the relevant possibilities.

50- T F If a predicate describes a relationship between two things (or people) and
some other predicate describes the same relationship when two things (or
people) are mentioned in the opposite order, then the two predicates are
converses of each other
51- T F
Two predicates are gradable antonyms if they are at opposite ends of a
continuous scale of values (a scale which typically varies according to the
context of use).
52- T F
System of colours, system of seasons, system of directions, system of days
of the week are examples of multiple incompatibles.

53- T F Tall-short is a pair of multiple incompatibles.

54- T F Cold-hot is a pair of converses.

55- T F Teacher-student is a pair of binary antonyms.

56- T F Black-white forms a pair of converses.

57- T F Polysemy occurs when two words have the same related meanings.

58- T F A sentence is ambiguous if it has two (or) more paraphrases which are
themselves not paraphrases of each other.

59- T F The sentence I met her at the bank is grammatically ambiguous.

60- T F The sentence Visiting relatives can be interesting is semantically ambiguous.