Roll No.

: 2 J I E C
Division: USN:

Shri Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain Educational & Cultural Trust’s

Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

This is to certify that Mr. / Ms.

has satisfactorily completed the course of experiments in National Service Scheme (NSS)

(BNSK459) as partial fulfillment of the requirements of the 3rd Semester of Bachelor

of Engineering Degree prescribed by the Visveswaraya TechnologicalUniversity ( VTU )

Belgaum, during the academic year 2023-24.

Total Scaled down

(50-M) (25M)

NSS-Coordinator HOD NSS-Officer Principal

 SI Page
Title No. Marks Sign
No.
WASTE MANAGEMENT– PUBLIC, PRIVATE AND GOVT ORGANIZATION, 5 R’S.

I INTRODUCTION
1 REFUSE
2 REDUCE
3 REUSE
4 REPURPOSE

5 RECYCLE

II SUMMARY

TOTAL MARKS:
 VISION

“To achieve excellence in education and research for developing globally

competent, ethically sound Electronics and Communication Engineers.”

MISSION

1. To provide a conducive environment through structured student centric, teaching -learning process
2. To nurture needs of society by infusing scientific temper in students and to grow as a center of
excellence with efficient industry-institute interaction.

3. To inculcate self learning skills, entrepreneurial ability and professional ethics.

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSO's)

Graduates in the UG program in electronics and Communication engineering will be

able to
1: Specify, design, build and test analog, digital and embedded systems for signal
processing 2: Understand and architect wired and wireless analog and digital
communication systems as per specifications and determine their performance.

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEO's)

1. Graduates will be able to contemplate real-time social problems and deliver efficient solutions.

2. Graduates will be able to succeed in professional careers.

3. Graduates will demonstrate leadership qualities.

PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs)

Electronics Engineering Graduates will be able to achieve the following:

1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering fundamentals to
the solution of Electronics engineering problems.
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex engineering
problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and
engineering sciences.
3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for engineering problems and design system
components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the public health
and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research methods
 including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to
provide valid conclusions.

5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering
and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities with an understanding
ofthe limitations.
6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess societal,
health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional
engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering solutions in
societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable
development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the
engineering practice.
9. Individual and teamwork: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse
teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering
community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports and
design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering and
management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage
projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in
independent and lifelong learning in the broadest context of technological change.
Course Outcomes Description Bloom’s Cognitive level

BNSK459.1 Understand the importance of his / her responsibilities

towards society.
Analyze the environmental and societal
BNSK459.2 problems/issues and will be able to design solutions
for the same.
Evaluate the existing system and to propose practical
BNSK459.3
solutions for the same for sustainable development
Implement government or self-driven projects
BNSK459.4
effectively in the field
Develop capacity to meet emergencies and natural
BNSK459.5 disasters & practice national integration and social
harmony in general.
 Waste
management–
Public, Private
and Govt
organization, 5
R’
Jain College of Engineering, Dept. of ECE

Introduction

What Are the 5 Rs?

It’s important to learn what the five Rs of waste management are in order to understand their
importance. The five Rs refer to a process used by businesses to make the outcome of their
recycling programs better through reducing the amount of waste the company produces. It’s
important for any company that’s a producer of high amounts of waste to use a quality waste
management program to keep the environment cleaner and to ensure that all hazardous waste is
safely disposed of. A significant part of the process is implementing the steps known as the five
Rs. They include refuse, reduce, reuse, repurpose, and recycle. Each of these steps must be
followed to every last detail in order for the plan to work to its full potential.

Refuse

The first of the five Rs is refuse. This is important to understand, because this first step can be a
difficult practice as it involves refusing a certain amount of waste production for your business.
You’ll have to minimize the waste production by refusing to use materials such as single-use
plastics and non-recyclable products. The logistics of it can look intimidating at first, but there
are better and far-less wasteful materials that you can switch over to. While this is not always
easy at first, it’s the most effective way for you to minimize the amount of waste your company
is producing. Make sure to work closely with your procurement team so you can establish an
effective approach to this step. Look at the vendors you’re working with as well, and avoid
taking product packaging that’s extra or unnecessary. A good option to use instead are reusable
or returnable containers and packaging. Switching to wiser buying decisions and keeping
standards that are more efficient at the beginning of the waste management process will make
refusing unnecessary waste much easier.

Reduce

This step is extremely beneficial to the end goal of the process. Reduce refers to the reduction of
harmful, wasteful, and non-recyclable materials so you can save more money, which also

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benefits the environment. When you lessen the amount of these materials, especially non-
recyclables, less of it goes in the garbage. All garbage that isn’t deemed hazardous waste will get
dumped in a landfill. The more material that gets dumped in the landfill, the quicker it fills, thus
requiring more space for garbage storage. This ultimately leads to more negative effects on the
environment. When you limit the use of these materials, you are making for a more sustainable
future. Try to use the smallest amount of material to lessen the amount of excess waste. A great
example of this is printing a document. You can lessen the paper waste by printing double-sided.
Think of how to use this kind of concept on a larger scale to apply it to whatever your company
produces.

Reuse

The “reuse” step refers to the diligent reuse of any materials. Unfortunately, many companies
have fallen into the routine of throwing away completely recyclable material on the basis that it
won’t hurt to do it one time. The problem is that this feeling of convenience in the moment leads
to a constant habit. It is actually becoming a crisis because the number of plastic products that
are being consumed is to a level that’s becoming unsustainable. As a new effort to reduce the
high amount of waste throughout the world, businesses are following practices that involve
reusing materials within the workplace rather than ordering more replacements. Look through
the different equipment, tools, and materials your company uses on a constant basis and opt for
using as many compostable or reusable options that are available. After you’ve made strides with
what you use within your business, start to focus on how you can implement the same practices
for products and materials like packaging, product containers, and any similar items.

Repurpose

Utilizing this step is imperative, especially if you can refuse, reduce, or reuse certain items and
materials that will be used in your business. The idea of repurposing involves taking items that
were meant for one purpose but can be used for other ones. This is also known as upcycling in
the green or environmental circle. It often requires thinking outside the box. Some of the best
places to start with this is collecting any packaging such as cardboard boxes and packing
material to keep for storing other items from the worksite. Anything you can find another use for

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is going to help with better waste management. Create a space designated for items that might be
able to be reused. You can continue to go through the items in that area and find uses for them as
you go along.

Recycle

The final step in the process is recycle, which means exactly what it sounds like. After you’ve
made quality efforts to go through all the previous steps from the five Rs, recycling is a great
final option. One of the main ways we continue to make efforts to be more environmentally
friendly is to recycle anything that has that option. Learning to become a company that values
this is a significant part of the importance of the 5 Rs of waste management. There are many
businesses that don’t actually practice recycling. If your business is one of these, adopt the
process and start by gathering any recyclable materials that are on your worksite. This includes
cardboard, paper, plastics, glass, and organics.

You can get started on this process by working with the right environmental waste management
company. Clean Management Environmental Group is a full-service waste management
company providing environmental and industrial services to the industry. Here, you’ll find a
variety of services that will help you to work towards making your business more beneficial to
the environment.

HOW TO APPLY THE 5 R'S

Applying the 5 R's to your business' waste management and recycling strategies can
positively impact the outcome of your program by significantly reducing the amount of
waste your business generates. In the 5 R's hierarchy, remember to treat recycling as a last
resort after attempting to refuse, reduce, reuse or repurpose. Before disposing of your waste,
walk through each of these steps in the following order:

STEP ONE: REFUSE

Refuse: the first element of the 5 R's hierarchy. Learning to refuse waste can take some
practice, but incorporating this step into your business' strategy is the most effective way to
minimize waste. Talk to your procurement team about refusing to buy wasteful or non-

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recyclable products. When working with vendors, refuse unnecessary product packaging and
request reusable or returnable containers. Making smarter purchasing decisions and setting
standards and expectations early in the process makes it easier for organizations to “refuse”
waste in the first place. An expert fully-managed waste services partner can make it even
easier for your business.

STEP TWO: REDUCE

Reduce the use of harmful, wasteful, and non-recyclable products. Reducing dependency on
these kinds of products results in less waste materials ending up in landfill and the
associated negative environmental impacts. We recommend always using the minimum
amount required to avoid unnecessary waste. For example, when printing a document, print
double-sided to cut your waste output in half. Other commonly used items businesses can
focus on reducing include single-use plastics, plastic packaging, organic waste, and
Styrofoam cups.

STEP THREE: REUSE

Single-use plastics have created a "throw-away" culture by normalizing consumer behavior
of using materials once and then throwing them away. The rate at which we consume
plastics has become unimaginable, and the plastic crisis has become one of the world's
greatest environmental challenges. In an effort to reduce waste, reuse items throughout the
workplace instead of buying new ones. Begin by focusing on one area of your business at a
time, like the break room. Replace all of the single-use eating utensils, Styrofoam cups,
water bottles, and paper plates with compostable or reusable alternatives. Once you master
one area, prioritize reuse for other products in your facility like packaging peanuts, printer
cartridges, cardboard boxes, food containers, and rechargeable batteries.

STEP FOUR: REPURPOSE

For every item that can't be refused, reduced, or reused, try repurposing it. Many people in
the green community refer to this method as upcycling. You may be surprised to learn how
many common office products serve more than one purpose. Sometimes it requires using

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some creativity, but the possibilities are endless. Try using wasted printer paper for scrap
paper, cardboard boxes for storing supplies, binder clips to hold power cords and chargers in
place, and even mason jars, coffee mugs, and tin cans for holding pens and pencils.
Designate an area of your office as an Upcycle Station for collecting and storing supplies.
Encourage your colleagues to add items to the station they no longer need and to check there
before purchasing new supplies. Embrace technology to help find more ideas and new ways
to repurpose your items.

STEP FIVE: RECYCLE

Last but definitely not least: recycle. Once you've gone through all of the other R's,
recycling is the most environmentally friendly waste disposal method. If your business
doesn't already, it should start collecting cardboard, mixed paper products, commingled
materials (plastics, aluminum, glass) and organics. Most companies we speak with are
surprised by the amount of waste they reduce by establishing an effective recycling
program. Click here for a breakdown of how RoadRunner can work to save your business on
waste and recycling management costs.

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Activity 1: Refuse
REFUSE, simply means to say NO.
Refuse is the unusable byproduct that remains once a product has been used. It often refers to
municipal or household waste material that cannot be reused and will instead be disposed and
sent to a landfill.
Refuse is also known as waste, trash, or garbage.
This is the first step. Refusing materials is the primary way to lower our impact on the landfill.
Try to refuse single use plastics – packaging, bags and straws – take alternatives with you.
Here are some ways you can do this:
 Carry a reusable bag in your car and/or bag
 Carry a water bottle and hot drink reusable cup and a jar for cold drinks
 Avoid unnecessary product packaging and request reusable or returnable containers
 Make smarter purchasing decisions.

Activity carried out:

1. Stop usage of plastic water bottles and start using steel or cooper water bottles.

In this activity we as our self started using steel water bottles instead of plastic bottles and also
educated people around us to refuse the use of water bottles. copper water bottles the best option
when compared to stainless steel and plastic? First and foremost, copper is a natural
antimicrobial agent. This means that it actually kills harmful bacteria and viruses on contact –
something that other materials like stainless steel or plastic can’t claim. In addition, they have
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high heat retention capacity and are super durable. Finally, copper is 100% eco-friendly and it
doesn't even cost as much in the longer run.

2. Carry your own bag reusable bag and avoid the use of polythene bags

There are a number of reasons to say no to plastic bags. We must stop using them to better our
environment and save it from degradation. There are various eco-friendly alternatives that can be
used to stop the usage of plastic bags.
Firstly, plastic bags are a major source of plastic pollution. As they are non-biodegradable, they
take years to decompose. They contribute to a lot of waste which keeps collecting over the years.
Plastic takes thousands of years to break down and decompose. It remains in the land which
contributes to the rising problem of land pollution.
Similarly, it also causes water pollution. As people throw away the bags carelessly on the roads,
in the drains and rivers, they enter the water bodies. They are carried away by winds in them and
sometimes dumped into water deliberately. This plastic bag goes deep in the water and also
hampers the aquatic life

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Activity 2: Reduce
This is all about reducing your use of harmful, wasteful and non-recyclable materials to save you
money, help the environment and so on. By limiting your dependency on these types of products,
this leads to less waste materials ending up in landfill and prevents you from creating negative
impacts on the environment.
We would always advise using the minimal amount required to avoid excess waste as these
material and energy could then be used for future requirements. Once good example would be
when printing a document, print double-sided to slash your waste output in half. Other methods
involve reducing the amount of single-use plastics, plastic packaging and organic waste.
Objectives:
 Save electricity by switching off unnecessary lights and fans
 To repair leaky tap and avoid wastage of water
 Do not waste food
Activity carried out:
1.Energy literacy training.

In this activity we have studied various modules of energy literacy training to save and conserve
electricity, with which started reducing the usage of electricity if required such as turning of the
fans and lights if not required. Usage of LED bulbs to be promoted instead of CFL and tungsten
bulbs

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2. Stop wastage of food:

In this activity we visited hotel which is located in , educated the owner to tell their
customers not to waste the food and also put up poster and banners in hotel regarding food
wastage.

Food waste can be defined as organic waste which has its origin in food or inputs in food
production. We can divide between avoidable and unavoidable food waste. Avoidable food
waste was edible at some point prior to disposal (e.g. slice of bread, plate residues etc.) The
avoidable food waste from hospitality sector could be divided in waste from the kitchen (e.g.
preparation of meals) and waste from the guests (plate residue). Unavoidable food waste is not-
edible food waste from preparation and consumption (e.g. bones, egg shelf, coffee grounds etc.)
In this project we use the terms of avoidable food waste and edible food waste as synonyms. The
target group of this report and the guide covers restaurants, hotels, canteens and catering,
business associations of this sector, and national and local authorities.

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Activity 3: Reuse
Reusing in environment health and safety or waste prevention terminology means using an
object or resource material again for either the same purpose or another purpose without
changing the object’s structure in a significant way. It is to be differentiated from recycling based
on this.
Reuse is preferable when compared to recycling, as recycling requires much more energy and
resources than reuse. Reuse prevents objects or materials from becoming waste, and thus helps to
reduce damage to the environment caused by pollution. Waste is disposed of in landfills and
causes environmental damage including a reduction in air and water quality, as well as effects on
local wildlife and biodiversity.
Activity carried out:
1. Reuse of old plastic bags and bottles:
Environmental and health impacts of plastic, as well as the steps we can take to reduce its use
and promote more sustainable practices. Finally, we will explore some practical tips for reuse
plastic responsibly.
Plastic is one of the most widely used materials in our daily lives, and it has a huge
environmental impact. It is used for everything from packaging to clothing to furniture.
But unfortunately, it is also a major cause of pollution and environmental damage. It takes
hundreds of years to decompose and can cause serious pollution if not recycled properly. That’s
why it’s important that we learn how to reuse and recycle plastic properly to reduce its negative
effects on our planet.

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2. Reuse of papers for packaging and other things:

Using an old newspaper to clean windows works better than a cloth for preventing streaks. For
even better results, use a vinegar-and-water solution instead of a chemical cleaner. Reuse old
papers to line your cabinet, dresser, pantry or bathroom shelves. They're cheaper than shop-
bought shelf liners, and they’re easy to put in and replace. Newspaper is a great substitute for
bubble wrap. To pack a box with fragile contents, first wrap the items individually. Place them in
the box, separated by crumpled paper. Then fill any remaining space with crumpled paper. If you
have a lot of old paper, use a paper shredder to make piles of great packaging material. Whoever
receives your gift can avoid adding to the world's waste and put your papery packaging straight
in their home recycling bin.

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Activity 4: Repurpose
Repurpose – to take something and use it for something else. This requires a bit of thinking and
craftiness, but doesn’t have to be beautiful. For every item that can't be refused, reduced, or
reused, try repurposing it. Many people in the green community refer to this method as
upcycling. You may be surprised to learn how many common office products serve more than
one purpose. Sometimes it requires using some creativity, but the possibilities are endless. Try
using wasted printer paper for scrap paper, cardboard boxes for storing supplies, binder clips to
hold power cords and chargers in place, and even mason jars, coffee mugs, and tin cans for
holding pens and pencils. Designate an area of your office as an Upcycle Station for collecting
and storing supplies. Encourage your colleagues to add items to the station they no longer need
and to check there before purchasing new supplies. Embrace technology to help find more ideas
and new ways to repurpose your items.
 Repurpose scrap paper for taking notes.
 Repurpose metal cans, buckets for creative plant containers.
 Repurpose wood crates into benches or shelves.
 Repurpose material savings to help clean up spills.
Activity carried out:
1. Planting a sapling in by cutting used plastic bottle:
A self-watering system can be created by cutting off the top and bottom of two plastic bottles,
inserting the inverted top half into the bottom half, filling the inverted top half with soil, and
planting the seeds or seedlings. The water will wick through the soil, keeping the plants
hydrated.

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2. Using old cups for planting herbs or as pen stand:

Tea cups and mugs are of the perfect size for planting herbs. All you need is some small rocks,
potting soil and herb seeds. Just add the rocks at the bottom, a layer of soil on top of that and
plant seeds in the soil. Water the seeds daily, and enjoy the beautiful result of your toil.
It can also be used to keep pens and other stationary on the study table as organizer instead of
buying a new pen stand

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Activity 5: Recycle
To recycle is to manufacture new products from a product that has already served it’s purpose.
The recycling process starts with, and is reliant upon, the end user of the original product
disposing of it in an environmentally friendly way when he has finished using it. This process is
facilitated by having recycling stations to separate recyclable items from non-recyclable garbage
products.
People are becoming more aware of the need to recycle products in order to help preserve the
environment. Yet, for some, the effort required seems to be too much. Many businesses,
however, are leading the way with advanced recycling programs. Alternative energy companies,
especially, are becoming heavily involved in the recycling of used product. Schools are also an
important link in the recycling education process, with many schools initiating student driven
recycling programs. Almost anything can be recycled including items made from plastic, paper
and aluminum.
 All the materials that can be subjected to a chemical process to recycle them should be
used as they can be recycled back to the new form again.
 Recycle all the basics you can – paper, plastic, metal and glass.
 Recycle food wastes into compost or as a food for a local farm.
 Recycle all fabrics including ripped clothes.
 Recycle all electronics if possible.
Activity carried out:
1. Using different dustbins for different waste:
Waste management has become an important concept today. Factors such as rising
population, industrialization, and urbanization impact the environment and have become a major
cause of concern in the treatment of waste disposal. Different kinds of waste need to be separated
as it helps in reducing the risk and damage to human life and the environment. The 4 R’s are
Recycle, Reuse, Reduce and refuse is a well-known concept to deal with the waste management
process. It is not only the duty of the government but every human being must make efforts to
dispose of waste.

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Significance of Green, Red, and Blue Dustbins: Waste separation is a simple and easy process
of segregating waste materials for recycling and ensuring proper disposal of waste. The idea of
the separation of wastes is to make recycling easier. Therefore, to ensure the proper disposal of
waste, the use of different colors of dustbins can be one such solution to solve the problem. The
different types of dustbins involved in disposing of the waste material are Green, Red, and Blue
Dustbins.

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2. Build a prototype using plastic:

The importance of style cannot be overstated. It is the foundation on which everything else in life
is built. Without a strong sense of style, one may feel out of place and even uncomfortable in any
given situation. For example, if someone has a very bland and unoriginal style, it will be difficult
for them to stand out and be noticed in a crowd. Conversely, if someone has a well-executed
style, they will likely be more successful in life because people will pay attention to them and
appreciate their work more. There are many different styles that can be achieved, depending on
the individual’s preferences and interests. Some people prefer to stick to traditional styles while
others are more creative and innovative. Whatever path someone chooses, it is important that
they stay true to themselves and continue developing their own unique style.
1. Fun and bright designs – These are the types of styles that are often seen as being more fun
and upbeat. They are usually characterized by a lot of color, excitement, and creativity. Some
examples of this type of style include psychedelic designs, abstract art, and graffiti.
2. Classic and elegant design – This is the type of style that is often associated with high-class
individuals or establishments. It involves using simple shapes and colors to create an elegant and
sophisticated look.
3. Sophisticated but understated design – This type of design is often seen as being more
sophisticated than other styles but not too flashy or attention-grabbing. It relies on subtlety and
simplicity to create a look that is both elegant and timeless.
4. Personalized and unique design – This type of design is often used to create items that are
specifically designed for an individual or group of people. It involves taking into account the
individual’s specific preferences and features to create a unique item that is sure to stand out.

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Summary:
Solid waste management affects every single person in the world, whether individuals are
managing their own waste or governments are providing waste management services to
their citizens. Waste management is imperative for the benefit of individuals and nature.
Usually, the waste is produced from industrial, residential, and business activities
that can be managed in a variety of ways. Solid waste management comprises of
practices and activities required to handle waste from its origin to the final disposal. As we
know, solid waste management is a critical aspect of ecological hygiene; it must be
included in environmental protection programs. Organizations should conduct
awareness programs to spread the word regarding the importance of waste management
and their end impact towards the climate. The zero waste hierarchy refers to the
5R’s which classifies waste management strategies according to their desirability in terms
of waste minimization. The aim of the waste hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical
benefits from products and to generate the minimum amount of end waste. As citizens of a
society we have a responsibility to manage our waste sustainably. We can do this
following the 5R’s of waste management: refuse, reduce, reuse, repurpose, and recycle.
Now you know what the 5 R’s are, you can make better choices. Remember that they go
in order. Refusing and reducing means you’re bringing less into your home.
Reusing means you’re keeping new things from being made and old things from being wasted.
Practice the first three R’s and you’ll automatically have less stuff to recycle and rot.
Last but not the least, awareness is the very first step to manage the solid waste in order to
ensure ecological best practices.

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