JOURNAL

ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.

Part I.--HISTORY, LITERATURE, &c.

Kaahmfri Riddles.--By the REV. J. HINTON~ N O W L E B ,F. R. G. S.,

M.R. A. S., eta.
Riddles almost as much as Proverbs help to discover the wit and
genius of a people, " and open up to us their real speech."
The following pages contain nearly all the riddles now extant in
the valley of Kashmir proper. They have been collected from various
sources. The Pandit, the M u s a l d n , the leaned, the ignorant, the
townsman, the peasant have a11 contributed their twos or threes. This
will account for the slight differences in some of the words. The
language dif€ers more or less in every pargana.
The exceedingly local character of the collection will not fail
to be noticed.
A few notes have been interspersed in the hope that they will
interest some readers. The r o d z i n g is on the plan followed in t h e
" Dictiowry of Kashmiri Proverbs and Sayings."
The Roman-Kaahmiri alphabet.
A a pronounced as a in woman. D prononnced aa d in bad,-the
A 4 pronounced as a in art. point of the tongue is struck
Ai ai pronounced as a i in aisle. back on the palate.
An an pronounced cts ou in our. E e pronounced as e in there.
B b pronounced as b in but. fi 6 pronounced as e in pet.
Ch ch prononnced as ch in church. F f prononnced as f in find-the
D d pronounced as d in dew,-the English f is only sounded
point of the tongue is press- (and then very badly), in
ed on the upper fore-teeth. the middle or a t the end of
9
 J. Hinton Knowles-Kashmiri I2iddle.g. [No.3,
a word. If i t occurs at the N p pronounced as rr in the Frenoh
l
commencement of a word sans, bon.
i t is most distinctly and 0 o pronounced as o in no.
invariably turned into ph. P p pronounced as p in p i n t .
G) g pronounced as g in go. The P h ph pronounced similar to ph in
Arabic letter (&) phlegm.
with its peculiar guttural R r pronounced as r in ran. A
sound is seldom heard in Scotchman's r ia perhaps
pure Kashmiri. not met with in pure Kash-
H h pronounced as h in house. miri.
-1i is a kind of half i. I hear that S 8 pronounced as s in sin.
there is something analo- Sh sh pronounced as sh in shine.
gous to this to be found in T t pronounced as t in take-the
Russian and is written in point of the tongue is press-
that language as j. ed on the upper fore-teeth.
P i pronounced as i in police. T t pronounced as t in tub-the
J j pronounced as j in just. point of the tongue is press-
K k pronounced as k in kettle. ed back on the palate.
W pronaunced aa ch in the ta pronounced as ts in gets.
Scotch and Irish loch or the U u pronounced as o in top.
final ch of the German U 15pronounced as u in rule.
schuh and buch. This B V v w both prononnced like

by the true Kashmiri.

1
( B e ) is generally ignored W something between the Eng
lish v and w.
L 1 pronounced as Z in lane. Y y pronounced as y in year.
M m pronounced as m in man. Z z prononnced aa ~e in aeal.
N n pronounced as n in noon.
Chh, gh, kh, ph, th, th, and tsh are respectively the aspirates of
ch, g, k, p, t, t, and b, and are prononnced as one letter.
I n addition to the above there is a sound which is something like
a very short i ; it is frequently the sign of the instrumental case. I n
the Roman character this sound will be represented by the simple letter 1
i ; and in order that this i may always appear the final he (M, e mu&
tap) haa always been written.
1, AkM c h h h wudahnand;
Yad kaqlit Yamr&ani.
Wustcid khutm wulahmnrci,
P u r kurit karanas ohhhi.
I have a bare-headed woman,
With a (lit. putting out her) stomoh like RBj&Yam,
 1887.) J. Hinton Knowlea-Kmlmdm' Riddles,
Her master climbed over her (or on her) like a thief,
And emptied her stomach.
ANB. K d a h , a brick-kiln.
Yam, Pama, the regent of the realm of death.
2, D m a h rust kwr &ih ?
Thamah rust kus &h ?
What ie that without a covering ?
What i that without a pillar, (a. e. support) 3
ANB. Dayti tah dismdn, the river and the dry.
1
3, Ad b u t tah maohrimah khos.
Half a bread and a bowl of w a c h h .
h s . Z h tah sithrah, the (half) moon and a h .
&z~hrimah,a dish eaten by Kaehmiris consisting of rice, vegetablee,
raisins, colonring matter, and sugar.
Khos, a cup shaped like a bowl, either of copper, iron, or brass.
The M d m h ' s khos is much larger than the Hindb's. The latter does
not eat rice out of this vessel.
4, M h a s ch&h ~ u h i hraz.
A rope on your uncle's nose.
ANS. Tol, a contrivance oonsisting of a long wooden pole, so
placed upon another fixed perpendicular pole, that one end shall be n a r l y
eqd in weight to the other end, with a vessel full of water. It is
employed in raising water out of a stream for irription.
The only reason I can find for using the word ' uncle ' here or in
No. 81, or the word ' aunt ' as in Nos. 14, 22, is that to quote one's
parents in such a connection would be thought disrespectful.

5, w a h k h a b g o r d j tern lachh hi%.

Patah khut &falaic Shardk tul tah tardk hZt.
First rose up the gurzi's wife with four Eakhs (of bodies).
Then arose Sharhk the Mnllh and took and lifted up his axe (at her).
h s . 2% sitlirah tah dftdb ,the moon, the stars, and the Bun.
S h r M ia a very nncommon n a m e in the valley. In olden days
it was more popular.
6, f3histravis mahanivis gbuv phham.
A p s s phham to an iron man.
h . ~%u.ihrtuZ
. tah kamarih, the part of the 8pinning-wheel
corresponding to the distaff-and that on whioh the little wheel of the
spinning-wheel rests.
The kanarih rests on a little cushion of plaited gram.
%@ J. Binton &~wlea-&wkwiri Riddles. [h.
3,
Ph8ran (&&haw, Pers.) a long mhe resembling a verg fuU aighk
gown, worn by Kaahmiris.

7 , sunah sandis dabas, rupah bund th&,

Pus tath d t e , su{pahalwrin.
A golden box with a silver lid ;
He who can shut it is a brave fellow.
ANS. Z a m h tah lismdn, the mhh and sky.

8, K6v ~e)s kmhw tala wLiWa71 auifti &b; tal&h chhwrn lut tai mulah
chhum gub.
The crow was black and it will shake with the wind ; its weighb ie
light and its price ia heavy.
Aws. &nd, a tuft of heron's feathers with which the bridegroom
ie demed for the wedding. As many aa three hundred feathers axe I,
sometimes worn, and as much as one rupee has been given for a fezsthe.
Rich people keep them hanging from the ceilings of their rooms from
fear of the oaQ; bnb poor people can only &ord to hire them.

9, T i l a h w h n8chivia sunah sund #yuk.

A golden fikci on (the face of) an oilman's son.
AN^. Dazawun bong (diwd, Sansk.) , a lighted lamp.
10, Phdt Mdj bihit tah Phati khr natscin. I
Mother Phht is sitting down, and the daughter Phatah is dancing,
AN^. Kui tah don the pot in which the butter is churned
and the stick with which it is churned. Cf. Nos. 30, 34.
The Keshmiri haa a very ingenious way of making bntter. When
the milk is ready for churning, it is poured into a big vessel, in the
cover of which there is a hole. I n this hole a stick is placed. The
part of the stick which is inside the vessel is thick, and the part
outside the cover is thin. To this thin part a piece of string is a t k h e d ,
and the ends of it the man, or the woman, hold in their hands, and
putting one foot upon the cover to steady it, twirl about the stick
with the string, first pulling one end then the other till the batter
1
is prepared. A slightly different cmtom prevails in India.
Ph6t and Phatah are Kashmiri proper names.

11, Das, das karawun dhi chhukho ;

Be'bih khos tah me'hmdn chhukho ;
Patakini ya# tah kr61 chkukho ;
Athih lzir tah piycidah chhukho ;
Bronthkani basam talb snuiycis dhukho;
 8jC@trwpWwn tab W ohhukko ;
Tak garah garcch p&hlih chhukk;
Making a noise, you are a god ;
A cup in yonr lap, you are a gsmt ;
A basket on yonr bsok, yon are a potter ;
A stick in your hand, yon are a messenger ;
&them befm yon, you rtre a samycigi ;
An iron garment over yon, yon are B b k h m i t h j
You are a king in every house.
A R ~ .&at[ah, a handmill.
Ddi is esteemed as a god in the home axid ~~ometimes worshipped.
Of. Panjhb Notes and Queries, VoL 111, M.
The cup in ths Zap, i. e., the hole in the upper mi-stone (called
auhuk) in which the grain.is placed.
Y& a cone-shaped basket used by potters for m r y i n g their wares
to the market. The hole into whioh the handle of the upper mill-
stone fits ( 9 4 is @apposedto be like this.
A stick in your hand, refers to this handle, called ddrm in &&-
miri.
The a ( r h of course refer to the dust that gathers before the mill-
stone.
The garment oo_fiwn, i. e., the upper m i l l - s t b e .

12, Bard ausum ; sard xusurn ; sarav khutah bud ;

Yam d t i s nah to phu2 aud.
I've got a tank ; I've got a tank ; it is greater than ~ t h h~~r k ;
e
And yet i t will not contain half a semme flower.
h a . Bab, a nipple, an udder.
Tel phul is the Sesarnurn orientale.
Thia i g alas a proverb and quoted concersing a big, fat, --with
no brains.
13, Herih wuhh hakar b m h rat shdthan.
A log of wood descended from above and was stopped (lit. =bed)
by the sand.
h a . Kangzi, a (mana@)comb, (stopped by tangled bid.
14, Baras andar m b a n i piydyih ;
w&nih gcis, &up kPnih +ih.
Aunt gave birth to a child in the lake ;
We went to congratulate her and she came to bite us.
h s . Pambah lukhar, the nut-case of the Euyale ferrn, an

I -tic , seeds of which are eaten by the natives of the valley.

~ I a n tthe
Itg broad, m ~ d leef, lies on the wster like that of the lot- ib
 upper surface being in no way remarkable, whilst below it is oovered
with numerous, hard, sharp, and hooked spiowla, with which the natives
often prick themselves, when gathering the seeds.
Ma'mani, mother's brother's wife.
I
15, Treh nanih ;treh khunih; treh sdvznih.
Three are naked; three are coverlets; three are pcwda-nishh women.
ANS. Kmg-posh, a d r o n flower. 1
I

16, Phulmut gulcib tah &a#& nah kanh,

The rose has bloomed and nobody cuts it.
h a . (Hind&) Siriyih, The
(MuaaMns) Aftdb, I- ,
I
17, Mzimut mwrdcrh tah wad& nah kaph.
The man has died, and nobody weeps.
AN^. Lar, a house.
A house is here compared to a man. It is said to be dead when
its inhabitant^ are asleep or absent.
The idiom is peculiar-literally it is ' a dead man has died.'

18, Watharamut watharwn shwngh wah kaph.

I
The bed has been spread and nobody lies (or sleeps) on it.
h a . Tulah-katwr, ice on the surface of water.

19, Dar darbcir gsyd ;

d b dhhit mar gay6.
It went to court, it went to court ;
(And) on seeing the water it died.
ANS. Kcigar (Kddaz, Pms.) paper.
An impromptu riddle on seeing a court rnwnshi drop his papers
into the river as he crossed over the bridge to the court.

20, WaM &ris mahah wawem ; I

Kdlah wwhham, pagah nah kwnih.
I sowed mahli in a field of air ;
Yesterday I saw it, but to-morrow it is nowhere.
AN^. T d r a k a r rdt, rt starry night.
Mahd (Hindfiat. d s h ) , Phaseohs mm or radicrtw. Makl is the
objeotive form.

21, Latih rwst mewah hyah ?

What fruit is i t without a tail ?
h a . Th4l tah ntin, egg and dt.
 22, Ad gas &nih 4041 gas pzite.
A veil one and a half yard long for my aunt who k only half 8 yrsrd
high.
ANS. Suhan tah panahdhv, needle and thread.
Pzih, is the long piece of cotton cloth thrown over the head and
allowed to hang down the back of the h h m i r i woman.
23, Bar dit B a r nu&&.
Shutting the door the ass dances.
b s . Brattah, a mill.
h s , I believe, run about and kick up their heels when they bray.
The noise of the mill in motion is supposed to resemble them.
Thie k a proverb also, and is frequently quoted concerning the
man who is full of words in his house, while outside be does nothing.
24, D a r a a t i jdnwdrli ;daraatas chhuh nah b i a n
Bachih kashi beshumdr ;phhh chhuk m h zah dzudn.
I t is a tree-bird (i. e., has wings) ; it does not sit on a tree ;
I t has young without number ;it never hatches them.
ANs. a&,s fish.
25, Kuthkufhhliye, ku# khahdyikhai; mufitah yad barthai, mugal ;tipi
dihthai.
0 women, yon ascended to the second storey, filled your stomaoh
with pearla, and wore a hat like a M
-.
h 8 . Ddnas path dekchih, (degchi, Pers.), a saucepan (of rice)
on the hearth.
IIu#hku#Mli%, ancient Kaahm'iri for a very respectable woman,
who generally sat in the ku#h or kut.
Kut, the floor or floors between the ground-floor and the topmost
floor of the house.
The bubbling boiling rice resembles pearls.
Mugal #&pi = kuliih-i-mudal.
26, D& dit hhr nabdn.
Shutting the window the starling dances.
h 8 . Yindar, spinning-wheel.

27, Akahlad malare phkahlad p m i ;

Yiftih byuth dhdhr, tatih byclth woni.
Stinking water in a foul water-pot ;
Where the religious man sits, there sits the baniyd.
Am. &rgwri, a smoking pipe of b m s or copper (the huqqa).
Halar, a big earthen water vessel holding between twenty-five
pnd thirty 8ers of water,
 Poni, water. This word is need only by the Eindbe. The M d -
m b s inoafiably say db.
Wmi, the ahop-keeper is regarded by the people as the incsrnatioh
of all evil, and is therefore quoted here as the opposite ef the d W r
inen. KaahmiriEl have a saying :-Woni chhd prvi kieadh tali, the
shopkeeper is like water covered over with rim-chdf,

28, Duldmih, dukimih mahaniyo, mr tih chhai nizh aang, 1

M L chon klylahdkar, adij chdni rang.
0 round man without arms or legs,
Your flesh is like sweetmeat, your bohes are aolanred.
ANS. Xharbzla (Pere. &&arbwa), a musk melon, whieh is
growa in great'quantities all over the valley. I t ripens abont Angast.

29, Sunah sandis tdlawas, rupah sawah h j e .

Brifan dup Zdrifas " yimah kami ganje ?"
Silver branches stretched mross (lit. to a) a golden ceiling.
Arif mid to Zbrif, " Who tied them ?"
ANS. Zalam'h swnd zcib, a spider's web.
Ari,f and Zdrif are corruptions of the Arabic &if (wise) and
Zahf (witty). The names are most uncommon in the valley. I only
know of Arif BBnd (Hindfist. Bhdnd) an actor.

30, Yidrih manz wdv kas ?

S h ratan r d j kaa ?
1
Who has the wind in the winter ?
Who haa the rule for six months only ?
ANS. Kul, a tree.
Trees in Kashmir flonriah for six months only. The remaining half
of the year they are bare and are snpposed to feel the wind.
~
31, Wanui dv, wanaipiyciv ;
Wanai wasit, nahanih drciv. i
I t ww born in the jungle ; it gave birth in the jungle ;
On coming from the jungle, i t went out to dance.
ANS.Don, the stick with which the butter is churned. Vide ante
Nos. 10, 81.

32, Wum?piyddah harhzddah.

A rascally red messenger,
ANS. Maratgodngun, red pepper.
Thia pepper grows in the valley, and is a very favonrite spice with
the people. It is compared with the piyridah, beoause ib eometimw
 makes people " smart for it." Piyidahs are tho& who l L h knp'" tihe
Government debtors now and again.
Hardmzddah is here translated as a term of abnee a~ iatended.
33, & u h sung$, hudah.dh zungzi, Ilk awngzi kwlis pZ#h ;
T a s d m i x pddshdhan mwngzi. T h a n tram ohhuk k d ndv-
Of four feet, of fourteen feet,,.of one foot up in a 6ree ;
Ita flesh is liked by kings. There's only one name to the three.
ANS. &ar an ass, Uw an insect, and B a r (or more properly
&&arbusah) a musk melon.
3,Saras artdar paliydrih hand.
A little hedge in (or round) the lake.
ANS. Achhamoil, eyelash.
Tho eye is often likened to ponds and lakes. Of. Canticles vii, 4.
The simile well sets forth the appearance of a large, clear liquid.

35, Saras andar Mjiwatah h a d .

A little pestle in the lake.
h 8 . Lhr, a cucumber.
An immense number of cucumbers, melons, and tomatoes are &ed
on the gardens that float on the lake, near Srinagar. For s good de-
ucription of these floating gardens cf. Moororoft's Travels.
36, Saras a&r wukhlah hand.
A little mortar in the lake.
ANS. HZ&wZnd, s water-melon.

37, Saraa andar l d h hand.

A little stick in the lake.
ANS. Nadacr, the stalk of the lotus (Nilumbium specio~m).
It grows abundantly in the extensive lakes of Kiahmir, It isl
about ten inches long and one end a half inch in diameter.
38, Mngah trakas dwchih M k a h ?
(kimah shahrah dorih krikah ?
Andharishi korih kdkah ?
How many half-grains are there in one trak of mong ?
How many streets are there in the villages and cities ?
How many virgins are there ?
ANS. Sitcirah, the stars (i. e., they cannot be numbered).
Mong, Phaseolus maa or Radiatus.
Trak, vide post No. 88.
Dtir ia a street without ehope.
rt
139 J. Hinton Knowlee-Kashmin' Riddles. [No. 3,
39, Dayih sam Dayiygat ;
Balari sa?ts chh8h sdj ;
Mdjih e h d n gubur tah
Qzlbarae r8wd-n d j .
(It is) the work of God ;
It is a spider's web ;
The mother gives birth to a aon,
A n d the son gives birth to rt mother.
Am. Al, a pnmpkin.
The pumpkin is a very favourite culinary vegetable with the Kmh-
miris and all orientals. I t s stems twine and intertwine all over the place
where it grows. Vide cwurbitacce in any botanical dictionary for a full
description.
40, Glaras andar drah-thki h a d .
A little plate of b in the lake.
Am. Pamposh, the lotus.
41, Wuaalis gdnas chhati kachih-p4ti.
White lambs in a stall.
&s. A'sas alular dand, the teeth in the mouth.
G& is the underground floor of the house, where the kine, etc.
are sometimes homed.
Kachih-pzit is old Kashmiri, and almost obsolete now,-the present
words for lambs being chirrakot and chirr.
42, Lam tal t h &or.
Four pillass under a heap (of earth).
ANB. Gov hanzah babah &or, a co*'s'four teats. Cf. No. 78.
43, Sari, sari dyi?khai, Padmini, ratit dyutmai dab.
0 Padmsn, yon came by way of the lake, and I laid hold of yon
and threw yon down.
h 8 . XhCni kadani, to blow one's nose (native fashion). Vide
Nos. 63 and 138.
44, Ohist 6% jdnwar (or jhnwb) dijih dijah ;
A d a r ohhw d z tai n&ar adijah ?
What is that animal (that can be tossed) up and down ;
Inside it is flesh and outside bones ?
ANS. ?'h4E, an egg.
45, ~ d jchhak
i rdn#as tah shuri divatdh.
The mother is e devil and the children are go&.
ANS. Chcta'b posh, a rose bush (in bloom).
1887.1 J. Hinton Knowles-Kmhmid Riddles.
46, Latih mih& &as?
Hatih mukhtahdr kas ?
Sham riftam rdj kas ?
Who hes a tail (like) a pair of scissors ?
Who has a necklace on her throat ?
Who has rule for six month (ody) ?
Am. Eatij, a swallow.
The swallow generally arrives in the valley about the beginning
of April and remrtins for six months. Its throat ia a deep reddish-
brown and has a ring of dark blue round it. The lateral tail feathers
are very long and give a remarkable, forked appearasce to the tail.
Cf. No. 54.

47, U;him lad mdjih zbyih shirin h i Mr ;

Shirin &mi mcijih zdyih uthin lad Mr ;
A sweet girl was born to a twisted (or crooked) mother ;
A twisted (or crooked) girl was born to a sweet mother.
Ass. Daohhahrdp#h,the vine. Cf. No. 39.

418,!&or aangah ohus tah pak6n ohhuh m h ;

Zah kan ohhis tah b u s h chhuh ~ t a h;
Batah ohhb diwdn tah k h h h c h h h ~ h .
I t has four legs, and does not walk ;
It hss two ears, and does not hear ;
We give it food, and i t does not eat.
ANS. Tathul (or Tathuj), a large wooden dish out of which
M d h eat. I t stands on four little wooden legs. Its two Bandlea
are the earn.

49, Sah pa& bdli,

Trah hhanit d l i .
A tiger walks on the bank (of the river).
And thirty (people) are ronnd (or clinging on to) his neck.
h s . Bahats, a barge (towed up the river).

50, Shambas path uk-Wrah ;

Uk-kliris pifth trah-kurah ;
Trah-&&is pifth lcanqli-xdldh;
E a 4 - z d l a s path Khojik Blibdh ;
A he-phce on a candlestick ;
On this fire-place (another fire-place with) three holes ;
On this three-hole (fire-place is) a hedge of thorns.
On this hedge a j a Bhb&
136 J. Hinton Knowles-Kashmiri Riddles. [No. 3,
ha. A'sas path n u t tah achh zah ; tathp8th bumbah; tab
tamih p&h kun daetdr. (The body is the candlestick, over which is the
month) ; over the month (are) the nose and two eyw ; over them the
eyebrows ; and on top of that the turban.
Ktlshmiri fire-places rtre generally made of plastered mud with one, i
two, four, or six holes on the top to receive the cooking vessels. I
51, Yorah gahhcin dawdn dawdn ;
Torah yiwhn 2ut lut.
Going from here running running ;
Coming from there slowly.
Am. N a a r nerun, to go out, (hdjat-i-basham').
52, Hakan hukan ; dahih zangih pakan ; tr8h pon ; tah sh8h lcan.
(It makes the sound of) hrckan hukun ; walks with ten feet ; (haa)
three fundaments ; and six ears.
h a . Dd&h j4ri tah wdyanwol, a yoke of oxen and their
driver.
The plough'a creaking, as it passes through the soil, is supposed
to say hakan hukan.
63, Herih wuth jandah shdhjandah trdwit.
The mendicant descended from above, leaving his cloak behind him.
h s . Dzin, a walnut (stripped of its skin.)
Any one who has seen a ripe walnut faJl will nndemtend this riddle.
54, Sarah khahak sar milah galcqlit;
Dunyd &yak hhandit kyah ;

i
Bal.ih hdyak gamwot banit ;
Kdilachan lrijtham panditbdi.
Yon came up fromthe lake wearing a necklace on (your) neck ;
Yon came wandering (all over) the world ;
You left your howe aa the owner :
In the evening yon tried to make me think (or pretended) yon were
a panqlitcfnl. 1

BNs. Katij, a swallow. I

Vide ante NO. 46.
55, Kirkiohih dabas &bad wwas ;
Tamich s4rat cRh8h dbas p&h.
I will put sugar (instead of grain) under the grain crusher ;
Its shape ia in the water.
h a . Ainah (Pers. dina) a mirror.
I mnnot explain this riddle, nor any one also whom I have asked.
56, Lmi lazam, .lard h z a m satimis dsmdluur p&h. Nah dwClSt2as,
nah dupum chUmzs. Pdnai karimas htakbudi &&h.
 I built a h o w , I built a house up in the eeventh heeven I spoke
not to a =on,. I spok0 not fs B carpenter. I built it myself (and all
the) hundreds of rooms in it. .
AN^. M h c h h gan, a bee-hive. Cf. No. 60.
Satywm d s m h , the seventh heaven, (fabku-Gaflk) tb empyre~n
heeven.
Muhammadans undoubtedly get their tradition of raven havens
1 from the Talmud. Of. Hughes' Notes on M u k A i e m , pp. 91-95.
The bees generedly build fheir h m high up in the holltiws of
I trees and rocks.

57, n h a r chham tah bar chham;

M j i h sandih bdgh c h h ;
DusMlah walit chham ;
Nav lachh m u a t a h gundit chham.
I have (something which) is empty, and I have (something which)
is full.
I have (something) in the djh's garden,
I h e (something that) wears a shawl,.
And I have (something whioh) is adorned wiUl nine hkhu of peerls.
ANS. Maluiyih wa;, Indian-corn.
Below are three variants of the mme riddle-
Hari t h i
Mart bhad t h i
Bhum motion se jari t h i
Bdhir midart dhartipar dosciM orhe khuyi thi.
h s . a t 7nakk:ik.i.
J&tdistrict, E ~ t e r nJ d Canal, N. W. P.
Hari thi
Man bham' t h i
Bawd 26kh mot; jari thi,
&ijlji ke bdgh mp, dwrhdlci orhi khari thi.
baa. Bhuttd or m k k i
Hindi riddle.
H a d thi, man bhari tM
U k h motion jdri tkd,
Rdjdji ke bdgh me+ !,at& khildri kkari tM.
ANS. Chhali.
Panjtibi.
Cf. Pwjab Notes and Q u e r k , Val. I , 899, Vol. 11, 1626 and Id-
Not- and Queries, Vol. IV,68.
138 J. Hinton Knowlea-Eaolnnim' Riddles. [No. 3,
58, Bath tali & a h , la# Qa# gdu.
A cow with its tail cut run^ away under the bank.
h s . Ndv, a ( K t ~ h m M )boat.

59, S h q i h trah &rih tah sheyih trah bar ohhis,

Sheyih trah gas bar paaah d h ,
&&a' s phira yo ru& wdsad,
Tdjae p8;h sonuh manah chhus.
I t ha9 thirty-six windows and thirty-six doom,
It is thirty-six yards in width.
It was a good thought of the Rbj6, (lit. turned over a good thought).
On its crown is a maund of gold.
ANS. Juma mashid (yd bad mas%d) the great mosque in
Srinegar city which was commenced by Zainu' 1 bb& and finished by
Sh6h Jahsn. I t is a very large four-sided building with an open square
in the centre. There must be nearly one hundred windows in the
place, while there are only four doors; and its width is not thirty-six
yards any way-the north and south sides are about 20 yards wide,
the east side is sixteen yards and the west 22 yards.
Wdsanct is old Kdmirf, not nsed or generally known now-&days.
Xhiyd2 is now nsed.
The gold on the crown refers to the gilding of the domes of the
mgsque.

60, Larah l a z m tarahdrir ;

Nah unmas chh& tah nah unmas khctr.
I built a splendid house ;
I brought neither a carpenter nor a blacksmith (to help me in
building it).
A N ~ .M h c h h gun, a bee-hive. Cf. No. 56.
1
Alah, alah w h kae ?
Bishtuk bayih kas ?
K k h klhtah latah kas ?
Who shakes with the wind ?
Who fears bishtah ?
Who receives kicks in his sides P
h a . Kul, a tree--bmr, a c a h n d h i m , a spade.
Bishtah is an exclamation wed to drive away oats.

6 5 Akhd pakdn tah t h k & nah zah ;

Bydklrri bihit tah w u t h nah aah ;
Bycikhd w h i h tah M h h 4 #ah.
1887.1 J. Hinton Knowlee-Ka~hir/ Riddles.
One goes on and is never tired ;
Another site and never rise8 ;
Another stands and never sits.
h s . Ab, water-#amin, earth-nd dmruia (yi ma), the
firmament.
63, Mmhih k d i t mzinih ;has.
Taking it out of a large earthen jar and dsehing it against the wall.
Ans. Khm' kdani, blowing the nose after the native faahion.
If sitting in his honae, the ordinary poor Kaahmiri will E n g the
snot against the wall. Vide Nos. 43 and 138.
641, Kurih had h a m ; d u h s dsam phirit tivLim't yiwha, Mctlachan h a m
baras taZ bih4n.
I have a little girl, by b y she wandere hither and thither, a t
night she sita down by my door.
h s . Lzir, sa-.
65, H h h k a n h khwlhkah grattah, hukh tah audur melih tath ;
Tam; werih dlam phem'h, pZthim teakzlj pherih nah zah.
Above is a dry mill, dry and wet will meet there ;
For i t the world will turn, (but) the upper mill-stone will never turn.
ANS. As, the month.
Its roof is the dry mill,-where dry and wet food meet. The world
will turn before the upper jaw will move, i. e., i t will never move.
Werih, (for the sake of) is very ancient Kaehmiri. ghitirah or
bdpat or kyut is now used.
66, Sar hukh zih pinhkcini nauyih.
The tank dried up and the p'nhMni died.
Brrs. fiong, a lamp (diwd Sansk.); pzbhkdni, (Pers. Ziwa.)
A11 I know about the phbkhni is that i t is a little bird with
extremely small eyes.
67, S h i , shoni krandas,
A k w d zandas shzmah s b .
(It makes the noise of) shoni, shoni, in a khilta.
To one plant there are sixteen thousand seeds.
h s . QanhrCr, the Amaranths a1~1.rdun.nand Gangeticus.
The p w l ashes of this wood are used by waehermen for cleaning
linen.
68, Bdlah p & h h minyimar w h trdwcin.
A hind sheds tears from CAT a hill.
ANS. Batah phydrun, straining rice (out of a pot).
 144 J. Hinb fiode%-EasliIRin' Biddlm. [NO. 3,
69, Uhiaah h a d chham; w h ohham &n apm #matmak p . .
I have a little thing; i t does nob know how to go aoro8e or to
mme across.
Axe. Paliyrip, a hedge.

70, Wanas kkme tabardh ;

Akih akih dage shd &ate;
Wanas wile gatakdr.
The woodoutter will go to the copse ;
He will cut down a thoneaud trees with esch stroke ;
And will destroy the jnngle.
Am. N&d, 8 berber. Vide Nos. 112 and 1.29.
71, W a w krciy kyah ?
What is young in the jungle ?
h s . Kanahguohh, a mushroom of whiah large quantities a m
to be found in the valley.
Kii?s, young in age, in height, and esperienoe.

72, Waam zyu# kyah ?

What is old in the jungle ?
ANB. Duh, smoke.
Zyu# old in age and stature, etc.

73, Kan ka? gho, phirit ho.

0 rustling grass, I have returned with yon.
h s . Pulahor, 5 graes aandal, made from rice-straw ( 0 t - y ~ ~
8ativa).
The stmw is firat twieted into a rope, and then interwoven to make
a sole, which is fastened on to the foot sandal-wise.

74, Bdyih dapyo? bdpathar dapiyo? a u r a t h r dapiyo ? karayo ho tah

7w?
Shall I call you brother ? Shall I call you nephew ? Shall I d
you my husband's other wife's son ? Shall I put yon to sleep ?
Ass. Once upon a time there wss a king, who died and left hie
wife and son and daughter helpless. The son, too, being very young
could do nothing for a livelihood. However, they mnaged somehow
to eke out an existence. As soon as the son was old enough, he started
to try h i luck in some other country. But h i mother and sister did
not know where he had gone. After a time they got anxione about
him, and thowht they would go in search of him. They trsvelled to
the same country as he had reached, and where he had been so prospered
and behaved himself so wisely, that he had been appointed king.
However, they did not know of this. By a striking ooincidence they
dl met, and fell in love with one another ; and the king married them
both. I n course of time the elder of the two bore a son, when i t became
known that she was the king's own mother and the other woman his
sister. Then it was that the other wife took the child up in her arm8
and spoke to it the above mentioned worda
Ho tech h,a lullaby.

75, Muatabar mdjih chham gctsuv zzij.

My venerable mother has a grass z6j.
ANN. Pahar, a cottage with thatch roof.
Zzij is a long piece of 010th worn only by pandit(inis, extending
from the crown of fhe head down to the small of the back.
This would seem to go s p i n s t my note to No. 4, were it not for tho
qualifying adjective " venerable."
76, Ul&h karit oh2m L&,
MuUtah mandilah gan&t drda,
Phi buzuk, " AU,du,"
T6n @allcan, zzi6h bciv.
Taking God's name it entered upon forty days,
And then came out adorned with a turban of
When the people heard that it had come,
They gat fresh life.
h a . Dini, rice (in the husks).
Rice is the staple gmin of Kashmir. The inhabitants live chiefly
upon it. Rice land is regarded as the most valuable of all land. Rice
is sown in April and reaped in September. The grain forms and begins
to ripen within forty days of sowing.
Uldh (for AlMh), the Supreme Being.
Ohilas (for chilvil), forty.
Mamdilah, a pashmha turban.
77, Lard Eazm t6h bah tdh,
Andar bithis gandar kdv,
Tim tih bithis t6h bah ta'h.
I built a house layer upon layer.
Inside it sat young crows,
They also sat one upon another.
ANI. Ddltgah, a covert boat for passengers.
The fore-part is left for the passengers. The boat-people live in
8
142 J. Hinton Knowles-Kashmz'rm' Riddles. [No. 3,
the after-part, which is separated and covered with matting. Often three
generations together thus pags their lives.
Tdh bah t6h = Pers. Tah ba tah.

78, Lam tal t h m sath.

Seven pillars under a heap. !
Ans. Honih h a n ~ a hbabah sath, the seven nipples of a bitch.
Of. No. 42. 1

79, Mdszivis ohhdnis gdszcv rag.

Your uncle (hanging by) a p a s rope.
Am. Tolah ww, the rope and earthonware vessel a t the end of
the to$. Vide ante, No. 4.
Mhb, mother's sister's husband.
80, Tatih 2oi kdn, khut dsmdlz,
YZtih 2oi kdn, wot Hindnisth.
Thence I shot an arrow, (and) it ascended to the sky.
Hence I shot an m o w , (and) it reached Hindbsthn.
BNs. Ddkuk B a t , a postal letter.
The Kashmiri pandits say i
A1 Kashmir,
Janat nazir.
They believe it to have been the &st paradise in the mhd-yug. The
MusaIm&ns, also, regard it as a, very holy country.

81, Nah zah phute (or phate), nah zah phdte, wasih sudras Uhdnte.
It will never break, it will never burat, i t will swim in the sea.
ANS. Don, the stick with which the butter is churned. Vide
ante Nos. 10 and 31.
Sub, contraction of s a m d a r .

82, Kuchhih hand hum, tati dsam tgurai &&r wdtdn. I

I had a little kut, it held only four aarurdrs.
ANS. Dzin, a walnut.
The walnut flourishes in a remarkable manner in the valley. The
fruit is cheap and good and largely eaten by the natives. &in is the
word for walnuts generally. There are four species, however, each of
which is distinguished by a separate name. Vide K a s h h d Proverbs m d
Bayings, p. 229.
Rut, vide ante No. 25.
&Jdr (or kharwdr) a dry measure containing lbs 192. I t s literal
meaning is an ass-load (khar, an ass. Pers.) Cf. No. 33.
 63, NdZapaZ &akujal; wustah kurih dakah dyut ; w&t cozct Kharcabal.
A great green stone,-the teacher's daughter pushed it, and it
descended and arrived at Khanabal.
ANS. Khywn, eating.
The great green stone is the mouthful of food, perhaps cabbage-
the teacher's daughter is the tongue, which gave the food a pnsh, and
it reached the atomach (Khanubal).
Khmabal is the name of a little village, where people disembark
for Isl&m$bhd, ?&htand, eta.
84~, Wanukis &rae drih tah ma&&,
Amritah o h h a n ka&aiwcin,
Wuchh tae zarrgan p&&h ka&ai,
Bezuwah ohhasan rcauaiwdn.
The wood of the jungle has rings and bands,
I wet it with the water of life,
Look how many bangles she wears on her feet.
I make the dead to dance.
AN^. Don, the stick with which the butter is churned.
Vide ante Noe. 10,31,81. This stick has rings, eta., attached to the
bottom end.
The "water of life " is the milk. Hindds of the country generally
call it amrita.
85, Lard lazana, 2ard lazam &andanawe ddrai;
Sdr Kaehir path lazms, totih luts htirui.
I built a house, I bnilt a house of sandal-wood ;
And put all Kashmir on it, yet it was light as a shell.
h a . a t , a letter.
Kaahmiri paper is supposed to resemble sandal-wood in colonr;
hence the comparkon.
Kaahmir is called Kashir by the Kashmiri.
86, Hmih wuth akhct,
Buth karit trakhti.
A (man) descended from above,
Making his face (like) a trak.
h a . 81, a pumpkin.
Pampkina are trained to grow over skeleton houses. When they
are ripe they fall.
Trak, a grain measure containing four and three quarter sera (full).
87, Zah batah phcsli tah ak raaah &m.
Two p i n s of rice and a drink of juice.
b 8 . Dachhzh phul, a grape.
144 J. Hinton Knowles-Xashmiri Riddles. [No. 3,
There are several varieties of grape growing in Kashmir. The
variety here referred to is called Husaird dachh.
D h = Hindbst. U h u ~ t .
88, Akh6 bihit bdd o hawdwas ;
Bydkhct kardn mdlas rdchh ;
TrZyim pherdn @or kunj dlamarcr;
T i m m tram chhui kunui d v .
The first sits in the wind ;
The second takes oare of the property ;
The third goes round the four quarters of the world ;
To these three there is only one name, ( i . e., the same name).
h a . Gdnth, an icicle, a string used as a strap, or a kite (the
bird of prey).

89, Watih pakdn tah kdv k h a n z h .

Walking by the way and plucking a mow.
ANS. Dachh khzni, eating grapes (on the road).
The vine may be seen in some parts of the valley hanging in
beautiful festoons about the trees on the wayside in a wild state.
i
90, Watih pakdn tah blingij k a f d n .
Walking by the way and cutting the &&gij. 11!
h 8 . Tgu? kheni, eating bread (on the road).
This refers to the Hindfisthi chupciti (a flat cake).
aciltgij, is a round piece of matting for sitting on.
I
91, Kurih h a d dsam, sui h a m p d m s s d t batah khzwdn.
I had a litte girl, and she wed to eat with me.
h s . Wdj, e ring.

92, " Abah gap gap, babah ga? gap, kapar kichih kichih," son aikah
I
I

bachah sairas drdv.

(It cries) " abah gap gap, babah gap gap, kapar k k h i h kkhil " (and)
our Sikh boy goes out for a walk.
Am. Yircdar, a spinning-wheel.
The words in inverted commas me supposed to represent the sound
the wheel makes when revolving. A Sikh boy is here mentioned became
the top and bottom of the yandartul, (the little wheel of the spinning-
wheel on which the thread being spun is wound) are fastened together
with long hair ; and a Sikh boy has long hair.

93, &a'h chhqth pakdn rogih rogih. Sha'l chhis ratit mag. Ak k61UChwoZ,
zah kdnahwdli gdsah tuliav pak.
 A tiger goes by the road aide. The jackals lay hold of its mane,
One boatman, two boatmen pull it along with blades of grass.
Am. Bahah, the largest boat with a mat or straw covering
nsed for the carriage of goods.
Kcinahuol, lit. the man who holds the kdn, the hamatul, or long
pole with which the boat is propelled.
The blades of grass refer to the ropes made of plaited twigs and
straw.
94, Kalah &utui, kalah h u t & ; kalas tshanimas tabar.
Nilah Ncigah tresh cheyan, Warah-mulih bzizus khabar.
His head is cut off, his head is cut off ; I struck a t his head with
an axe. H e drank the water a t Nila Nhg, and the people heard of it a t
BBr4mtilB.
ANS. Kalam (palam) a reed or pen, (nsed in writing a letter
a t Nila NBg (or Wernhg) ; which letter was sent to BBritmtilB.)
Reference is made here to the cutting of a reed with a knife to turn
it into a pen.
Nilah Ndg, or the fountain of blue water, is a celebrated fountain
a t a little distance from ShahbPd in the southern end of the valley.
It is generally called We* (or Bern4g) after the ancient name of
the pargdnd in which i t is located.
Warah-mu1 is the correct name for the town commonly called
BhrBmblli, a town a t the north-west end of the valley, where visitors
change horses and coolies for the boats on their way into Kashmir.
V, W, and B, are nsed indiscriminately by the uneducated, cts among
the Gascons, Spaniards and negroes.
95, Shan riftan duh dahd tah ahan rlltaa nah kinh.
For six months smoke and for six months nothing.
ANS. H a m m h , a hot bath.
Kashmiria only use the h a m d m for six months during the cold
weather.
96. Manz maiddn hardmgashtci,
Wudih dit ncirah tashtci.
An adnlteress in an open field,
With a basin of fire on her head.
A.Ns. JajZr, a smoking pipe.
The jajir is compared to an adnlteress because it is bandied about
from one man to another. Everybody can take a whiff from it.
Wud, the crown of the head; hence wudih dyun, to put on the
crown of the head.
Tasht or tast, a shallow baain of brass, etc,
 146 J. Hinfon Knowles-Kaehrn4i.i Riddles. [No. 3,
97, Amah wuth pandit treh qlintcini gandit.
A pan&t descended thence with three girdles round him.
AN^. Zin bw, a bundle of wood.
In Kashmir the term paqlit does not necesaaxily mean a learned
br&hman. All Kashmiri Hindb, on the assumption that they all belong
to the br4hman caste, are called pan&ta.
Mention L here made of a pnc&t, became in former yesrs when
this riddle was invented, pan$ts only among the male inhabitants of I
the valley wore girdles Like the Tibetans and Ddrds of the present day.
They gave up the custom about five years ago.

98, Nilah palah t a h h g w d &dye,

Lach Zokah &it bi?yih tziri &dye.
A snake came out from under a green stone,
And (after) killing thousands of people went back again.
ANB. S h a m s k , a word.
Uunas or a f i (B+LS)~ is said to be very poisonous. I t is a ronnd-
headed, short, thick snake, and is black on the back, and yellowish on
the belly. Various accounts are given of its length. Elmslie says,
" a foot and a half," Vigne says, "abont a yard long." The gums
i~ mid to be nnmerons in the LBr pargdd.

99, Uudah sh'buh tah mdj, adah zciu &ab,

Doh pansh8h dab gav adv b d i bab.
First I and my mother were born, and then father.
(After that) f o r five daye nothing happened, (when) p n d f a t h e r
was born.
AN^. Kapasi kul, the cotton p h t .
Gossipem herbacezvm, the common Indies ootton plant rises in
Kashmir to nearly a foot and a h d f in height during the firat year of
growth. It is a pretty little plant. Ite flowers are a bright yellow ;
each petal being marked with a purple spot near the base. The flower
is succeeded by a fruit, which gradually becomes dry and then bursts
into three or foir valves, when the cotton-wool is seen issuing from i t
in all directions. The cotton is generally white.

100, Dzir darakhtan sangardlan,

Eas h8&h Ecilan mu2 karit ?
Trees upon the range of hilla in the distance.
Who cxm say (Lit. make) the price of rubies 3
AN^. Kong, saffron wnioh is grown in large quantities on the
big, flat plateau in the neighboarhood of Pbmpfir, about eight miles from
 Slinagar. It is very e x p e n s i v m b m t a rupee is given for s rupee's
weight. The flowers of the Oroowr sativuu are of a red colonr, like
rubies.
I
101, Aubasih wolum baubaeih ratit ; ditwn barit.
Mi% d q , " P h u t w . " Torah k h u t w , Shlih Totah aan.
I pulled it down from above with a rope : I dashed it (into the
water). I &d (to myself) "It is drowned." (But) it rose thence like
a king parrot (meaning nicely).
h e . Tohh wor. The earthenware vessel a t the end of the
to2, vide desoription, ante No. 4.
Aubasih, above, and baubadh, a rope are old lhbmiri. H h i h
pZ#h and raz are now always used.

102, Ydni sdv tdni k h t klind 218th.

When born it immediately climbed to the upper storey.
ANS. Dwh, smoke.
The general plan of a Kashmiri house is :-First a ground floor, i n
which m a two chambere with the small hall of the house. Then the
second floor with three rooms. And over that the floor ~ d e r the
. roof,
generally consisting of one long chamber, where people usually sit
during the summer, but which is used as a loft, for the storing of grain,
. wood, etc. during the winter. The latter is the k M (or kadni).

103;Tal t a u taMv khan&,

Pddduih garas kardn. .
(Apparently) digging a very deep well,
(But really) robbing the king's house.
h s . Bagur, a rat.
This is also a KaahmirI proverb and quoted concerning a traitor.
Cf. Kashh-4 Proverbs and Sayings, p. 209.

104, Nwmut zindas thaph karit.

A d a d man leading the living.
ANS. Q u d h i h gandit push, a beast held by a tether.
105, D y u n , chun, tah t r u h ;
Gov kyut khurdk, tah wd&h kyut wawun.
(Something) to eat, to drink, and to gnaw ;
Food for the cow, and something to sow in the garden.
ANS. HZndawM, a water-melon.
There is an amusing Kashmiri story, too long to repeat here, in
which a foolish son is ordered by his father to go and get five thi~lga,
 J. Hinton Knowles-Kashtiri Riddles. [No. 3,
something to eat, to drink, to gnaw, to feed the cow with, and to sow
in the garden; and the boy advised b y a clever girl brings back e
water-melon. Of. Madanakdmardjankadai (The Dravidian Nights), p. 63.
for a similar incident.
Wcir a garden-generally used for vegetable gardens. I
I

106, Ati chhzii tah ratun.

It is in your hand,-catch it. I

ANS. Dhhi, a shadow.

107, Four men went out in a boat and gave two sers of rice to the
boatwoman t o cook for them. The boatwoman began to cook the
rice.
One of the party said:-Kciko, hcir md ablahan tai karih, i. e.,
0 father, take care that the starling does not get the better of t h e
fools-meaning, See that the woman does not eat any of the rice.
Whereupon another of the party said :-Brak tont karimas tah kor
kun pai karih ? i. e., I have broken its bill. What can she do now ?-
meaning, I have got my eye on her, etc.
Then another said :-Shdh wot dali manzi. Hdnz hzt hai karih, i. e., 1
The king has reached the middle of the lake, and will run about with
the boatmen-meaning, The rice is ready for straining. Now the
woman will let fall some of it.
On which the last of the party said :-PJtm klaumdras, " m & wai."
n e ' h kyah karih. I will pretend that I have got a, drunken headache
(and ask her to give) it to me. What can she do to you ?
Kdk is a term implying intense respect for the person thns addressed,
and is common both to the Mnsalmhns and Hindha. A son will thus
address his father; the younger members of a family will thns address
their eldest brother ; and any very respected person outside the family
may thus sometimes be addressed. But the father only is called simply I
kdk. I h d kdkkd is the Muhammadan Singhalese word for " elder
brother," and dccd for " father's younger brother." The latter word i
I
also in use in Southern India. K6kkd is also nsed by the Malays of
Ceylon for " elder brother." I cannot trace the origin of the words. In
~ e i u g nkdkk6 means "father's brother," cf. also Ceylon A. S. Journal
186711870, p. 11.
a u m h r , sickness, headache &c., the effects of drink. Rice-water
is often given to alleviate sickness arising from intoxication.

108, LZjan wuhan fluin wuh.

Twenty lids to twenty pots.
ANS. Wuh nam, the twenty nails on a man's hands and feet.
 ,1887.1 J. Hinton Knowlea-Rashmid Riddles.
109, Ohhatis hathis hrahuni kdv
E m a i k a r h tliv tdv.
Blaak crows on a white bank,
They are saying, " caw, caw."
ANS. Kdgazas p&h ZZkhun, writing on paper.
The paper is white, the words written thereon are black. The
rustling of the paper, as yon take it up to read it, is snppoaed to be the
sounds of the words (written on it) speaking to yon.

110, A t h v nah tai; khorav nah tai ;

Zorav suztin paklin chhuh.
Neither with hands, nor with feet,
(But) by its power it goes on.
ANS. Saruph, a snake.

I 111,Sundariphujkai wuganLSE Wan,

Wah wah mushkdr trdwa'n ohhzk,
Zah thah kh&dn, ak thah trdwdn,
Taw'm t h h s h m a d l 4 n chh&.
0 Snndari, you flowered on a high hill ;
Well ! Well ! you are leaving scent behind yon ;
Two portions yon eat, and one portion yon throw away
(And) the fourth portion yon burn in your lamp.
ANs. n e r , an apricot.
The oil ,expressed from apricots is called khdli til. Not much of
it is used in the valley. Oil is also expressed from mustard, almonds,
walnuts, and linseed.
Sundam; a proper name (from the Sanskrit).
112, n h u f i s wanas gutil hdv,
Teatit kurnas krdv.
A sawyer went into a copse (and) cut and gathered some wood.
ANs. Mas kJsun, to cut the hair. Vide Nos. 70 and 129.
113, Herih w u h hut,
P h r h a n g rat.
A bit of wood descended from above,
I n a strong grasp of the hand.
ANS. Kangani dini, combing the hair.
Phwangi is a corruption of the Persian farangi. It here means the
hand. Anything strong and capable i n sometimes called p h a n g i in
Kashmir.
Kashmiri combs are generally made of wood.
T
150 J. Hinton Knowles-KmhmW Riddles. P o . 3,
1.14, Apcirih taram khankah budd sahanih dibtcnum &Mhh.,
Wuthit tah ratanas ndlah.
From that side an old woman, speaking through her none, ran a t
me like a tigress, and jumped on me and held me to her breaat.
ANS. Nindar, sleep.

115, Pak pahis, da-ph (or dap) s h r h , €102&&s, wuchh WL& kun,
GO tO the gnest, speak to the children, listen to yourself, and look
a t me.
ANP. A man hsd cooked a sheep's head and legs for himaelf,
wife, and children, and had just served them up, when a stranger csme
in. The wife looked at her husband to know whether she was to offer
their gnest any of the srtvoury food. The hnsband replied in the above
words, which mean-Give the legs to the guest, the tongue t o t h e
children, keep the ears yourself, and give me the eyes.

116, &atit rang kat 7

Ratit mu1 kat 7
What has colour on being cut ?
What has valne on being laid hold of ?
ANS. HZndawhd tah mukhtah, a water-melon and a pearl.

117, a d t ~kurih
j han pot ~Ztsahndn.
The little girl is teasing out the silk.
ANS. Kangani, a woman's comb.

118, Babo pyoe, Mdjai pyos,

Pyos mah pyos wutsh hai khyos.
0 Father, I fell down, 0 Mother, I fell down,
And I had hardly fallen down, when a calf ate me.
ANS. Peomut panah-burg, (Skr.parpa-varga), e fallen leaf.

119, Nut b u l put ddrih,

Kulai hZt a ~ h h b r i h .
The mad fellow escaped by the back window,
Taking his wife on his back.
ANS. Duh, smoke.

120, Langi guri lat trdv,

Nukhtah gav chhringare,
 A one-legged (lit. e lame) home kicked,
And pearls were scattered.
ANS. NuhiLih suW munun, to pound with a pestle.
Chhringare is very old Kmhmiri. Now-edays the words chh8ka-
ranah yun, pares& gatshun and chhakunah ywn, are used.

121, Wanua l h i h &us?

Who will wash the jungle ?
A x e . EZd yd shin, rain or snow.

122, Wanua duvih kus ?

Who will sweep the jungle ?
Aas. Wdv, the wind.

123, P h d n chhuh mold zan;

Samcfn chhuh kohd san ;
!&akin chhuh hzird sun ;
It fall0 like a mnsquito ;
Collects together like a greet hill ;
(And) runs away like a thief.
ANS. S h h , snow.

124, Navih ZZjih qadi sat.

A new pot with seven holes in it.
AN^. Buth yd kalah, the faoe (which is likened to a new pot,
because it is olean).

125, QurispZth hwt.

An elephant on e horse.
ANS. K h h i h p&h mahnyuv, a, man walking in pattens.
I have heard something like this in Perdan :-
Oh& dm chbt dar jah&n bbyhr,
F%Zrd didam o bar asp sawdr.

1 126, Huti yut.

(Qoing) hither end thither.
ANS. P h i yeruni, sorting the warp.

127, Hul gun& hatich nahdn.

Tightening her girdle the duck dance&
ANs. P m h , a little apparatus forming pmt of the spinning-
wheel and intended to receive the thread.
 [No. 3,

This is also a saying, cited against a woman, w b wishing to quarrel,

goes and unites in a " row " close by. $mhmiri women have terrible
tongues a n 4 lhost shrill voices. A t the time of quarrelling they screech,
shout, and dance till they are too hoarse and too tired to go on.

128, Z h e , zwe, p n d e , me ;
N8t s a d n karih tirthan,
Warih waryas mu12'1~ib e ;
Nishih chhui tah przantan ;
H e will yawn, cough, sneeze, and laugh ;
He always bathes at the sacred places ;
Year in and year out he will remain naked ;
H e is near to you, recognise him.
Arvs. Butk, the face.

129, Bvah mahcirdj s h a h jangas tuh&van&s gatakdr.

The mahdr4 came and entered into the fight and destroyed (them).
h a . Mas kdaun, to shave the head.
Batakcir tululuiwun, lit. to cause darkness to arise.
vide NOS. 70 and 112. i
130, Qugzcsi gugusi gugciliye gajzh tih gugus kail,
Bah (or buh) nai kadai riddliye atih chhuh bihit thug.
Be careful, 0 woman, mind and take it out ef the oven.
I will not take it out, 0 womm, (bemuse) a robber ie sitting there.
AN#. BanCinuh jord &ah, yinzav k w h & cisah karit, gajih mnz
thavimabah. Tamih waktah wot timan nish ak begn'nah. Abih aa&h dup
bZyis kun titai pdth, yuth nah zih puts bozih, zih &uchih kad gajih rnunzah.
Tami dyutus jaw& zih buh kadah nah, tikidzih yih mahyuv chhuh atiti.
There were two women who had made some bread and put it in
the oven. A t that time a strangar came to them. One woman said to
the other in such a way that their p e s t might not understand, " Take
the bread out of the oven." The (other) woman replied, " I will not take
it out, because there is a man there."
Cugusi, gugusi, gugdliye, rinddliye, are words merely made up for
t h e occasion in order to deceive the stranger.
I protested against including the above in this Little collection ;
b n t everybody, that 1 asked, declared it waa a riddle, so I have put
it in.
131, A'yeyas tah gayeyas ;
Eukl lanjih becheyas;
M u h r &as tah kut gayas ?
 1887.) J. Hinton Knowles-Bashim' Riddles.
I came and I went ;
I sat on many branches ;
I was sweet-and where did I go ?
ANS. Nindar, sleep.
Kukzi is old Kashmiri. Wdryah, sgthah, are now nsed.
I
132, Anzinih hande ndgara'do, anzinih kudanai pawo ;
Uhhcini gwuk nah, krdli thuruk nah ;pdnai byutuk suwo.
0 spring of the goose, the goose made its way to yon ;
No carpenter cut it, no potter formed i t ; but you of yomelf
became hardened (lit. sat hard).
ANS. Tulah-katur, ico on surface of water.

133, Hdpat kdnchr; breth p n d i t ; talim p m i hyur khascin; breri brcih-

man ; gagar suts ; kdshum' phimi ; shdl gddah-hdnu ; thaplsardf.
Bears (are) bakers ; stupid people (are) pandits ; the lower waters
flow np ; cats (are) briihmans ; rats (are) tailors ; Kash&s (are)
Panjhbis; jackals (are) fishermen ; usurpers (are) bankers.
AN^. Purshiydr, the name of a g u t in Srfaagrtr ciCy j&
below the second bridge.
A man was going to a village, when he ma met by another man,
who aaked him where he was going and whence he had come. He
replied as above that he had come from the place where b a r s were
bakers, eto., etc.
l a , Khatis andar d z kzichih h a d .
A little piece of flesh in the cupboard.
ANS. Zyav tah cis, the tongue in the mouth.
g h a t irs a small cupboard let into the wall, wherein Kaahmirb.
generally store rice, milk, etc., to preserve them from rats and cats.

135, Bdlaspe"?h krilah saruph, la? tah kdr milawit,

Aurah ciyas Zuhrah n t a m la? ninm gilawit.
'
kc$&
-lh make on a hill with its tail and neck together, (lit. making
its tail and neck to meet).
Zuhrah Khotan came over and wrenched off its tail.
Bars. Kuluph, a padlock.
136, n o r chhis rabis maqzqldn ; kor chhis khandam tziri ; zah chhis chard-
gdnah ; zah chhis tlr-and.dcah; ak chhus w c h h a l a h kardn.
She treads the mud with fonr ; fonr are dishes of sweets ; two are
lamps ; two are archers ; and one fans her.
ANB. Ghv, a cow's feet, teats, eyes, horns, end tail.
 154 R. Mitra-Donative Inscription of Vidycidhara Bha3.a. [No.3,
137, Apdrih lnil do# p W n ;
Yapdrih bdl shin phcfn.
On that side of the hill hailstones are falling;
On this side of the hill snow is falling.
ANS: Kddi yindar, a cotton-carder.

138, Yak mashide do darwdzah ;

Ao miydn t ~ d opotdaah.
One mosque (with) two doors ;
Come, sir, and bang on it.
Am. K h n i kduni, to blow one's nose, (native fashion).
Vide Nos. 43 aria 63.
139, 8oyih ta2 poyih lilj.
A potful1 of rice under a nettle.
AXB. Kukavih h a n ~p i t i khej, a hen with her brood.

140, 8undard &#ham-dud k a d n i ;

Nah m r i h shietarah ~ t a hw i h mid.
I saw a beautful woman--an arch of smoke ;
She will not die by iron, she will not die by fire.
h e . Duh, smoke.

Notes on a Donative Inscription of Vidyddhara. Bha%'a, betonging to C. T.

METCALFE, EsQ., ComntiS*
-By RLENDRALLLA
of the Orissa Division. (With a Plate.)
MITEA,LL. D., 0.I. E.
I
The muniment is inscribed on three plates of copper, each mea-
suring 6 x 34 inches, the thickness being about one-tenth of an inch.
The plates are held together by a stout copper ring surmounted by a
cast copper seal bearing in relief the name of the donor and. an e 5 of ~
a lion couchant guurdant. The plates are of cast metal, roughly ham-
mered, and having all round a slightly raised edge. This edging ie de-
signed to prevent injury to the record by friction. The reoord is en-
graved on the second face of the first plate, and on both faces of the
other two plates, each side comprising 7 to 8 lines of matter. On the first
side of the first plate there are indications of letters traced with a ,steel-
pointed style and afterwards smudged. Such tracings are &o notice-
able on the other plates, and they suggest to me the id& of the p l a t .
'