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INTERNATIONAL AS
CHEMISTRY (9620)
Unit 1: Inorganic 1 and Physical 1

Friday 5 January 2024 07:00 GMT Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes

Materials
For this paper you must have: For Examiner’s Use
• the Periodic Table/Data Sheet, provided as an insert Question Mark
• a ruler with millimetre measurements
1
• a scientific calculator, which you are expected to use where appropriate.
2
Instructions 3
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 4
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
• Answer all questions. 5
• You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write 6
outside the box around each page or on blank pages. 7
• If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of
this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). TOTAL
• All working must be shown.
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
to be marked.

Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 70.

*JAN24CH0101*
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Answer all questions in the spaces provided. box

0 1 Gallium (Ga) is a metal.

0 1 . 1 Describe the bonding in solid gallium.

[2 marks]

Gallium forms GaCl3 molecules.

0 1 . 2 Write an equation for the formation of GaCl3 from its elements.

[1 mark]

0 1 . 3 Draw the shape of a molecule of GaCl3

Include any lone pairs of electrons, if any, that influence the shape.

Name the shape of the GaCl3 molecule.

[2 marks]
Shape

Name of shape

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0 1 . 4 A molecule of GaCl3 reacts with a chloride ion to form a GaCl4– ion. box

During this reaction a bond is formed.

Name the type of bond formed.

Describe how this bond is formed.

[2 marks]

Type of bond

How bond is formed

0 1 . 5 What is the difference, if any, between the Cl–Ga–Cl bond angle

in GaCl3 and in GaCl4– ?

Tick () one box.

[1 mark]

The bond angle is bigger in GaCl3

The bond angle is the same

The bond angle is smaller in GaCl3 8

Turn over for the next question

Turn over ►

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0 2 This question is about reactions involving halide ions. box

0 2 . 1 Give a reagent that could be used to distinguish between separate samples of

aqueous potassium fluoride and aqueous potassium chloride.

Describe what you would observe for each solution.

[3 marks]

Reagent

Observation with aqueous potassium fluoride

Observation with aqueous potassium chloride

Aqueous bromine reacts with aqueous sulfur dioxide to form

hydrobromic acid (HBr).

0 2 . 2 Write a half-equation for the reaction of bromine to form bromide ions.

[1 mark]

0 2 . 3 Write a half-equation for the reaction of an aqueous solution of sulfur dioxide to form
hydrogen ions and sulfate(VI) ions.
[1 mark]

0 2 . 4 Use your answers to Question 02.2 and Question 02.3 to deduce an overall equation
for the reaction of bromine and aqueous sulfur dioxide to form hydrobromic acid.
[1 mark]

0 2 . 5 Identify the reducing agent in this reaction.

[1 mark]

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0 2 . 6 Chlorine gas is bubbled into an aqueous solution of potassium iodide. box

Give one observation.

Write an equation for this reaction.

[2 marks]

Observation

Equation
9

Turn over for the next question

Turn over ►

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0 3 Time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometry is used to determine accurate box

relative atomic masses.

0 3 . 1 Define relative atomic mass.

[2 marks]

A sample of germanium (Ge) is ionised by electron impact.

0 3 . 2 Write an equation, including state symbols, for this ionisation.

[1 mark]

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0 3 . 3 In a TOF mass spectrometer, some germanium ions are accelerated to a box
–13
kinetic energy (KE ) of 9.616 × 10 J

–7
One germanium ion takes 3.739 × 10 s to travel along a 1.500 m flight tube.

mv2
KE =
2

m = mass of the ion / kg

–1
v = velocity of ion / m s

Calculate the mass, in g, of one mole of these germanium ions.

Use your answer to deduce the mass number of this germanium ion.

23 –1
The Avogadro constant, L = 6.022 × 10 mol
[5 marks]

Mass of one mole of germanium ions g

Mass number

0 3 . 4 76
Explain why the atomic radius of Ge is the same as the atomic radius of 74Ge
[1 mark]

Turn over for the next question

Turn over ►

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0 4 This question is about compounds containing carbon. box

0 4 . 1 Deduce the formula of silicon carbide.

[1 mark]

0 4 . 2 The C–F bond is polar.

Explain why CF4 is a non-polar molecule.

[2 marks]

0 4 . 3 Ethane (C2H6) reacts with fluorine to form CF4

ϴ –1
C2H6(g) + 7 F2(g) → 2 CF4(g) + 6 HF(g) ΔH = −2889 kJ mol

ϴ
Table 1 gives some values of standard enthalpies of formation, ΔfH

Table 1

Substance C2H6(g) F2(g) HF(g)

ΔfHϴ / kJ mol−1 −85 0 −269

Use the standard enthalpy change of the reaction and the data in Table 1
–1
to calculate the standard enthalpy of formation, in kJ mol , of CF4(g)
[3 marks]

Standard enthalpy of formation of CF4(g) kJ mol

−1

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0 4 . 4 Methanol (CH3OH) dissolves in water. box

Name the strongest type of interaction between a molecule of methanol and a

molecule of water.

Complete the diagram to show how one molecule of methanol interacts with one
molecule of water.
Include all lone pairs and partial charges in your diagram.
[4 marks]

Name

10

Turn over ►

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0 5 This question is about a titration experiment. box

0 5 . 1 A student does a titration to identify a metal, M.

The student dissolves 2.43 g of the metal hydroxide, M(OH)2, in distilled water
3
to make 250 cm of an aqueous solution.

3 –3
A 25.0 cm sample of this M(OH)2 solution is titrated with 0.104 mol dm
hydrochloric acid.

3
The mean titre is 27.30 cm

The equation for the reaction is

M(OH)2 + 2 HCl → MCl2 + 2 H2O

Calculate the relative atomic mass of M.

Give your answer to 1 decimal place.

Identify M.
[6 marks]

Relative atomic mass of M

Identity of M

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The student makes the solution of the metal hydroxide in Question 05.1 as follows. box

Step 1 Weighs out the solid metal hydroxide and records the mass to
2 decimal places

Step 2 Transfers the solid to a beaker

Step 3 Dissolves the solid in distilled water

Step 4 Transfers the solution, with washings from the beaker, to a suitable piece of
equipment

3
Step 5 Makes up the volume of solution with distilled water to exactly 250 cm

0 5 . 2 Describe what the student must do to make sure they know the exact mass of
the solid metal hydroxide in Step 1.
[1 mark]

0 5 . 3 Name a suitable piece of equipment the student would use in Step 4.

[1 mark]

3
0 5 . 4 Describe how the student would make the solution up to exactly 250 cm in Step 5.
[1 mark]

Question 5 continues on the next page

Turn over ►

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0 5 . 5 Table 2 shows the results of the experiment. box

Table 2

Rough 1 2 3

Final reading / cm3 29.20 29.55 29.35 30.95

Initial reading / cm3 1.50 2.20 1.85 3.70

Titre / cm3 27.70 27.35 27.50 27.25

3
Explain why the mean titre used in the calculation in Question 05.1 is 27.30 cm
[1 mark]

0 5 . 6 Distilled water is used to wash down the sides of the conical flask near the end of
the titration.

Give one reason why this washing is done.

Give one reason why distilled water is used.

[2 marks]

Reason for washing down the sides of the flask

Reason why distilled water is used

12

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Turn over for the next question box

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ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

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0 6 This question is about the elements in Group 2, from Mg to Ba, and their compounds. box

0 6 . 1 State why the atomic radius of barium is larger than the atomic radius of calcium.
[1 mark]

0 6 . 2 Strontium reacts with hydrochloric acid.

When 0.123 g of strontium is added to hydrochloric acid, a gas is produced.

Write an equation for the reaction of strontium with hydrochloric acid.

3
Calculate the volume, in cm , of the gas produced at 101 kPa and 25 °C
Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

–1 –1
The gas constant, R = 8.31 J K mol
[6 marks]

Equation

3
Volume cm

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Two Group 2 metals, Y and Z, form chlorides YCl2 and ZCl2 box

A student does some test tube reactions with solutions of YCl2 and ZCl2
The observations are shown in Table 3.

Table 3

Addition of Addition of
potassium hydroxide solution potassium sulfate solution
YCl2 Colourless solution White precipitate

ZCl2 White precipitate Colourless solution

0 6 . 3 Identify metal Y and metal Z.

[2 marks]

Metal Y Metal Z

0 6 . 4 Write equations to show the formation of each of the white precipitates.

If you were unable to identify the metals Y and Z, you should use YCl2 and ZCl2 in
your equations.
[2 marks]

Equation 1

Equation 2

0 6 . 5 A student dissolves 2.53 g of calcium chloride in water at 20.0 °C in a plastic cup.

3
50.0 cm of solution are formed and the temperature of the solution rises to 25.4 °C

–1
Calculate a value for the enthalpy change, in kJ mol , when calcium chloride
dissolves in water.

–1 –1
Specific heat capacity of the solution is 4.18 J g K
–3
Assume that the density of the solution is 1.00 g cm
[3 marks]

–1 14
Enthalpy change kJ mol

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0 7 This question is about physical properties of elements in Period 3. box

0 7 . 1 Identify the element in Period 3 with the lowest melting point.

[1 mark]

0 7 . 2 State the meaning of electronegativity.

[1 mark]

0 7 . 3 Suggest why the electronegativity of the elements in Period 3 increases from

sodium to chlorine.
[2 marks]

0 7 . 4 Table 4 shows successive ionisation energies of an element in Period 3.

Table 4

Ionisation number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Ionisation energy
1060 1900 2920 4960 6280 21 200 25 900 30 500
/ kJ mol–1

Identify this element.

[1 mark]

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0 7 . 5 Write an equation, including state symbols, to show the process that occurs when box

the second ionisation energy of sodium is measured.

[1 mark]

0 7 . 6 Explain why sodium has a higher second ionisation energy than magnesium.
[2 marks]

END OF QUESTIONS

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There are no questions printed on this page box

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ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

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box
Question Additional page, if required.
number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.

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Question Additional page, if required.
number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.

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