MODULE 1 STUDY GUIDE

MODULE 1: STUDY GUIDE
1. Explain the difference between a chemical change and a physical change. With example
In a physical change we can notice a difference in the appearance, color, shape or stiffness.
Example: Melting ice, chopping wood, shredding paper, mixing gray and green marbles
While in a chemical change there is a change in the composition of the substance.
Example: Burning wood, rotting banana, fireworks, mixing vinegar and baking soda
2. Explain the difference between Material Science and Material Engineering
Material science is about the creation of new materials and improvement of the ones that exist,
while Material Engineering is about composition, structure, synthesis and processing. It uses
materials and creates new processes.
3. What are the four categories in which materials used in engineering are divided?
Metals, Ceramics, Polymers and Composites.
4. Name two advantages that the group of the North had over the south during the civil war (1861-
1865)
• The north was more industrial and produced 94% of USA’s pig iron and 97% of firearms.
• The north even had a richer, more varied agriculture than the South.
5. Write the definition of systems of manufacturing

It refers to the ways of organizing people and equipment so that production can be performed
more efficiently.
6. What were the impacts of the Industrial Revolution?
It had a major impact on production, in several ways it marked the change from an economy
based on agriculture and handicraft, to one based on industry and manufacturing.
7. Explain the meaning of the American System of manufacture
It is the interchangeable parts manufacture, where components could be made accurately

enough to permit parts assembly without fitting first, with the use of special machines, fixtures,
and gages. It is a prerequisite for mass production.
8. Write the four characteristics the Second Industrial Revolution had on manufacturing processes.
a) Mass production
b) Scientific management movement
c) Assembly lines
d) Electrification of factories
9. Mention 5 characteristics of scientific management
a) Motion Study: aimed at finding the best method to perform a given task
b) Time Study: to establish work standards for a job
c) Extensive use of standards in industry
d) The piece rate system and similar labor incentive plans
e) Use of data collection, record keeping and cost accounting in factory operations
10. What is the definition of technological and economical manufacturing?
Technological manufacturing: it’s the application of physical and chemical processes to alter the
geometry, properties, and/or appearance of a given material to make parts or products. It involves
machinery, tools, power and labor.
Economical manufacturing: It’s the transformation of materials into items of greater value by means of
one or more processing and/or assembly operations.
11. What is the classification of manufacturing industries?

• Primary industries cultivate and exploit natural resources
• Secondary industries take the outputs of the primary and convert them into consumer and
capital goods.
• Tertiary industries constitute the service sector of the economy
12. What are the differences between consumer goods and capital goods?
Consumer goods are products purchased directly by consumers (ex. Cars, TVs, tires)
Capital goods are those purchased by companies to produce goods and/or provide services. (aircraft,
medical apparatus, trucks, construction equipment)
13. What are the 3 ranges of annual production quantities?
a) Low production: 1-100 units per year

b) Medium production: 100-10,000 units per year
c) High production: 10,000- 1million units per year
14. Manufacturing Processes
1. Processing operations:
1.1 shaping operations: alter the geometry of the starting work material by various methods
1.1.1 solidification processes, in which the starting material is a heated liquid or
semifluid that cools and solidifies to form the part geometry.
1.1.2 Particulate processing, in which the starting material is a powder, and the
powders are formed and heated into the desired geometry
1.1.3 Deformation processes, in which the starting material is a ductile solid
(commonly metal) that is deformed to shape the part
1.1.4 Material removal processes, in which the starting material is a solid (ductile or
brittle) from which material is removed so that the resulting part has the
desired geometry.
1.2 Property enhancing processes:
1.2.1 Heat treatments, which include various annealing and strengthening processes
for metals and glasses
1.3 Surface processing operations:
1.3.1 Cleaning and surface treatments: which includes both chemical and mechanical
processes to remove dirt, oil, and other contaminants from the surface.
1.3.2 Coating and thin film deposition processes apply a coating of material to the
exterior surface of the part.
2. Assembly operations: in which two or more parts are joined to form a new entity.
2.1 Permanent joining processes
2.1.1 Welding
2.1.2 Brazing and Soldering
2.1.3 Adhesive Bonding
2.2 Mechanical Fastening
2.2.1 Threaded fasteners: fasten parts in a joint that can be conveniently
disassembled
2.2.2 Permanent fastening methods: something more permanent
15. Mention and describe the 3 departments of manufacturing support systems

• Manufacturing engineering: is responsible for planning the manufacturing process – decides
what should be used to make and assemble. They design and order the machine tools and
equipment.
• Production planning and control: Is responsible for solving the logistics- ordering materials and
purchased parts, scheduling production, and making sure of the necessary capacity to meet
production schedules.
• Quality Control: is responsible of making sure products are of high quality; designing and
building products that conform to specifications and satisfy or exceed customer expectations.

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MODULE 1: STUDY GUIDE

2. Explain the difference between Material Science and Material Engineering

Metals, Ceramics, Polymers and Composites.

5. Write the definition of systems of manufacturing

6. What were the impacts of the Industrial Revolution?

7. Explain the meaning of the American System of manufacture

It is the interchangeable parts manufacture, where components could be made accurately

10. What is the definition of technological and economical manufacturing?

11. What is the classification of manufacturing industries?

13. What are the 3 ranges of annual production quantities?

a) Low production: 1-100 units per year

15. Mention and describe the 3 departments of manufacturing support systems

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