CLASS 9 CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 1 EXTRA QUESTIONS

1. What are the conditions for ‘something’ to be called ‘matter’?

Solution: The condition for something to be called as matter is that it should occupy space and have mass.
2. Name two processes which provide the best evidence for the motion of particles in matter.
Solution: Diffusion and Brownian motion are the two processes which provide best evidence for the motion of
particles in matter.
3. Which single term is used to describe the mixing of copper sulphate and water kept in a beaker, on its own?
Solution: Diffusion is the term used to describe the mixing of copper sulphate and water kept in beaker on its own.
4. When sugar is dissolved in water, there is no increase in the volume. Which characteristic of matter is illustrated by
this observation?
Solution: The characteristic of matter illustrated by this observation is that the particles of matter have spaces
between them.
5. Even two or three crystals of potassium permanganate can impart colour to a very large volume of water. Which
characteristic of particles of matter is illustrated by this observation?
Solution: In this observation it displays that each crystal of Potassium Permanganate must be made up of millions of
small particles i.e., particles of matter are very small.
6. When an incense stick (agarbatti) is lighted in one corner of a room, its fragrance spreads in the whole room
quickly. Which characteristic of the particles of matter is illustrated by this observation?
Solution: This illustration shows that the particles are constantly moving in all directions.
7. A piece of chalk can be broken into small particles by hammering but a piece of iron cannot be broken into small
particles by hammering. Which characteristic of the particles of matter is illustrated by these observations?
Solution: Matter is made up of small particles which attract each other, and the attraction differs from substance to
substance. Chalk breaks easily on hammering but iron cannot be broken which shows that the particles of iron attract
each other with greater force
8. What is the scientific name of particles which make up matter?
Solution: Atoms or molecules make up matter or matter is composed of atoms/molecules.
9. Name a process by which a drop a ink spreads in a beaker of water
Solution: Diffusion is the process by which a drop of ink spreads in a beaker containing water.
10. What is the general name of :
(a) Rigid form of matter? (b) Fluid form of matter?
Solution:
a. Solid is the rigid form of matter b. Liquid and Gas is the fluid form of matter.
11. Out of solids, liquids and gases, which one has:
Maximum movement of Maximum interparticle Minimum spaces between
particles? attractions? particles?
Solution: (a) Gases have maximum movement of particles.
(b) Solids have maximum interparticle attractions
(c) Solids have minimum space between particles.
12. A substance has a definite volume but no definite shape’. State whether this substance is a solid, a liquid ,a gas.
Solution: Liquid has a definite volume but no definite shape.
13. Name the physical state of matter which can be easily compressed.
Solution: Gas can be easily compressed physical state of matter.
14. ‘A substance has a definite shape as well as definite volume’. Which physical state is represented by statement?
Solution: Solid is the substance having definite shape as well as definite volume.
15. A substance has neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume. State whether it is solid, a liquid or a gas.
Solution: Gas is does not have a fixed shape and fixed volume.
16. Name two gases which are supplied in compressed form in homes and hospitals.
Solution: LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) and Oxygen Gas are the two gases which are supplied in compressed form in
houses and hospitals.
17. Write the full form of the following:

a. LPG – Liquefied Petroleum Gas. b. CNG – Compressed Natural Gas.

18. Which of the two diffuses faster: a liquid or a gas?
Solution: Gas diffuses faster than liquid because the particles of gases are more spacious and have high kinetic energy.
19. Which of the two diffuses slower: bromine vapour into air or copper sulphate into water?
Solution: Copper sulphate diffuses slower as compared to bromine vapour in air because the rate of diffusion is
faster in gases than in liquids.
 20. State whether the following statement is true or false: Red-brown bromine vapour diffuses into air in a gas jar but
the colourless air molecules do not diffuse bromine vapour.
Solution: False. Air also diffuses into the bromine vapour but because air is colourless. It is not visible movement.
21. A bottle of perfume was opened in a room. The smell of its vapours spread in the entire room. Name the property
of gases which is responsible for this behaviour of perfume vapours.
Solution: Diffusion is the property of gases which is responsible for this behaviour of perfume vapours.
22. If a fish is being fried in a neighbouring home, we can smell it sitting in our own home. Name the property which
brings this smell to us.
Solution: Diffusion is the property which brings this smell to us.
23. Name one property of liquids and gases which tells us that their molecules are moving constantly.
Solution: Diffusion is the property of liquids and gases which tells us that their molecules moving constantly.
24. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words:
(a) The best evidence that the particles of matter are constantly moving comes from the studies of….. and…..
(b) The smell of perfume gradually spreads across a room due to ….
(c) Solid, liquid and gas are the three…. of matter.
(d) At room temperature, the forces of attraction between the particles of solid substances are …. than those which
exist in the gaseous state.
(e) The arrangement of particles is less ordered in the ….. state. However, there is no order the … state.
Solution: (a) Diffusion; Brownian motion. (b) Diffusion. (c) States. (d) Much more. (e) Liquid; Gaseous.
Short Answer Type Questions
25. State two characteristics of matter demonstrated by:
a. Diffusion b. Brownian motion
Solution:
a. Diffusion:
 Matter is made up of tiny particles  The particles of matter are constantly moving.
b. Brownian motion:
 The particles of matter is very small.  The particles of matter are constantly moving.
26. Name the scientist who studied the movement of pollen grains suspended in water through a microscope. What is
the phenomenon known as?
Solution: Robert brown studied the movement of pollen grains suspended in water through microscope. It was found
that pollen grains moving rapidly through water in an irregular way. This phenomenon is Brownian motion.
27. When a crystal of potassium permanganate is placed in a beaker, its purple colour spreads throughout the water.
What does this observation tell us about the nature of potassium permanganate and water?
Solution: The observation of purple colour spreads throughout the water is that the crystal of potassium
permanganate is made up of many small particles and these particles of water have spaces between them.
28. When a gas jar containing air is inverted over a gas jar containing bromine vapour, the red-brown bromine vapour
diffuses into air. Explain how bromine vapour diffuses into air.
Solution: When a gas jar containing air is inverted over gas jar containing bromine vapour, both bromine and air
molecules move and collide with one another and bounce back in all directions due to which we see a uniform red
brown colour in both the jars.
29. Describe in your own words, what happens to the particles when salt dissolves in water.
Solution: Salt when dissolves in water the tiny particles occupy the spaces between the water particles and mix with
them, thus gives a taste to water. There won’t be any increase in volume of water.
30. Explain why, we can easily move our hand in air but to do the same through a plank of wood, we need a karate
expert.
Solution: There will be a weak force of attraction between the particles in air. So we can move our hands on air
whereas the particles in solid plank are closely packed and a strong force of attraction exists between them. Hence it
needs a huge force to overcome the attraction which a karate expert can do.
31. Give one example of the diffusion of a solid in another solid.
Solution: Diffusion of solid into another solid is an extremely slow process because the particles do not move from
the fixed positions and they vibrate. When two metal blocks are packed close to each other the particles diffuse from
one other after few years.
32. Explain why, the diffusion of the solid in another solid is a very slow process.
Solution: Diffusion is a slow process in solids because the particles do not move from their fixed positions and only vibrate.
33. Which of the following diffuses fastest and which the slowest? Solid, Liquid and Gas. Give reasons for your answer.
Solution: Solids diffuse the slowest as the particles in solids do not move from their fixed positions. Gases diffuse the
fastest as the particles in gases move very quickly in all directions.
 34. Explain the following: When an incense stick is lighted in the corner of a room, its fragrance spreads quickly in the
entire room.
Solution: The fragrance of incense stick spreads quickly because the particle moves continuously in all directions.
Both the air and fragrance have large intermolecular spaces thus they can easily occupy the spaces of the other.
35. Name the three states of matter. Give one example of each.
Solution:
i. The solid state – Ice ii. The liquid state – Water iii. The gas state – Air.
36. State two characteristic properties each of:
a. a solid b. a liquid c. a gas
Solution:
Solid:
 It has strong intermolecular force of attraction  It has definite shape and volume
between particles
Liquid:
 It does not have definite shape but has fixed volume  They generally flow
Gas:
 It can be compressed easily  It can fill their container completely.
37. Why do gases have neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume?
Solution: Gases do not have a fixed shape or volume so that the particles are freely moving. They do not have a fixed
position or spaces between them.
38. How do solid, liquids and gases differ in shape and volume?
Solution:
(a) Solids – They have a fixed shape and a fixed volume.
(b) Liquids – They have a fixed volume but no fixed shape.
(c) Gases – They neither have a fixed shape nor a fixed volume.
39. Arrange the following substances in increasing order of force of attraction between their particles (keeping the
substance having the minimum force of attraction first): Water, Sugar, Oxygen
Solution: Oxygen < Water < Sugar Oxygen has minimum force of attraction as it is a gas and then water and then sugar.
40. Give two reasons to justify that:
(a) Water is a liquid at room temperature.
(b) An iron almirah is a solid.
Solution:
(a) (i)Water has fixed volume but no fixed shape. (ii) Water flows freely.
(b) (i) The iron almirah has fixed shape and volume. (ii) Particles of the iron almirah do not flow freely and
have fixed position.
41. (a) When an incense stick (agarbatti) is lighted in one corner of a room, its fragrance quickly spreads in the entire
room. Name the process involved in this.
(b) A girl is cooking some food in the kitchen. The smell of food being cooked soon reaches her brother’s room.
Explain how the smell could have reaches her brother’s room.
Solution; (a) Diffusion is the process involved in this as the fragrance quickly spreads in the entire room.
(b) The smell of food being cooked reaches the other room by the diffusion of gases released into the air during the
cooking of food.
42. What does the diffusion of gases tell us about their particles? Give one example of diffusion of gases in a liquid.
Solution: Diffusion of gases tells us that the matter comprises of tiny particles and has space between them. The
particles of matter are in constant motion.
Gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen present in the atmosphere diffuse into water (of ponds, lakes etc.) and
dissolves in it.
43. Give reason of the following observation: The smell of hot sizzling food reaches us even from a considerable
distance but to get the smell from cold food, we must go close to it.
Solution: The rate of diffusion of a hot gas is faster than the cold gas. So the particles have greater kinetic energy
when the gas is hot and moves faster.
44. Explain how, the smell of being cooked in the kitchen reaches us even from a considerable distance.
Solution: The smell of food being cooked reaches us even from a considerable distance is because of the process of
diffusion.
45. Explain why, when a bottle of perfume is opened in a room, we can smell it even from a considerable distance.
Solution: The particles of perfume start diffusing around the air and moves from lower concentration by virtue of
their kinetic energy.
46. When a crystal of copper sulphate is placed at the bottom of a beaker containing water, the water slowly turns
blue. why?
Solution: When a crystal of copper sulphate is placed at the bottom of a beaker containing water, the water slowly
turns blue because of the diffusion of copper sulphate particles into water.
47. Honey is more viscous then water. Can you suggest why?
Solution: Honey is more viscous than water because the force of attraction between the particles of honey is much
more than that of the force of attraction of particles in water.
48. Explain why:
(a) Air is used to inflate tyres. (b) Steel is used to make railway lines.
Solution:
a. When air is blown the particles in air pushes the tyre walls from inside and exerts a pressure on them.
b. Steel is used to make railway lines because it is a rigid object having a definite shape and volume and strong also.
49. Explain why, diffusion occurs more quickly in a gas than in a liquid.
Solution: Diffusion occurs more quickly in a gas than liquids because the particles in gases move very quickly in all
directions and freely but in the case the liquids the particle movement will be slow because of the intermolecular
force of attraction.
Long Answer Type Questions
50. (a) What is meant by ‘diffusion’? Give one example of diffusion in gases.
(b) Why do gases diffuse very fast?
(c) Name two gases of air which dissolve in water by diffusion. What is the importance of this process in nature?
Solution:
(a) Diffusion is the mixing of a substance with another substance due to the motion of its particles. The smell of perfume
spreads over a whole room is an example for diffusion.
(b) Gases diffuse fast because of the large space between the particles in gases and high kinetic energy.
(c) Carbon dioxide and oxygen are the two gases in air which dissolves in water by diffusion. Carbon dioxide is important
for aquatic plants for the photosynthesis. Oxygen is used by aquatic animals for breathing.
51. (a) Compare the properties of solids, liquids and gases in tabular form.
(b) Give two reasons for saying that wood is a solid.
Solution:
Solids Liquids Gases
Has definite shape and volume. Have fixed volume but no fixed They have neither fixed shape nor
shape. fixed volume.
Cannot be compressed. Cannot be compressed much. It can be compressed easily.
Have high density. Moderate to high densities. It have very low densities.
Do not fill their container Do not fill their container It fills their container completely.
completely. completely.
(b) (i) Wood is a rigid object which tends to maintain its shape when subjected to outside force. (ii) It has a definite
shape and definite volume.
52. (a) Why does a gas exert pressure?
(b) Why does a gas fill a vessel completely?
(c) Why are gases so easily compressible whereas it is almost impossible to compress a solid or a liquid?
Solution: (a) When gas is stored in a container, the fast-moving particles of the gas collides with each other thus
exerts pressure on the walls of container
(b) They have high kinetic energy and negligible force of attraction so it can move constantly moving with high speed
in all directions
(c) Gases are easily compressible as they have large inter-molecular spaces. The gas particles can come closer when
external pressure is applied on gases.
53. (a) Define matter. Give four examples of matter.
(b) What are the characteristics of matter?
Solution:) Matter is anything that occupies and has mass. Wood, air, water are the examples for matter.
(b)1. Matter is made up of tiny particles. 3. The particles of matter have spaces between them.
2. The particles of mater attract each other. 4. The particles of matter are constantly moving.
54. a) What is Brownian motion? Draw a diagram to show the movement of a particle (like a pollen grain) during
Brownian motion.
(b) In a beam of sunlight entering a room, we can sometimes see dust particles moving in a haphazard way in the
air. Why do these dust particles move?
Solution: (a) The zig-zag movement of the small particles suspended in a liquid or a gas is called Brownian movement.
 (b) These dust particles move in a haphazard way because they are constantly hit by the fast moving particles of air.
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ’s)
55. When a crystal of potassium permanganate is placed at the bottom of water in a beaker, the water in the whole
beaker turns purple on its own, even without stirring. This is an example of:
a. Distribution b. Intrusion c. Diffusion d. Effusion
Solution: Option (c) is the answer.
56. Which one of the following statements is correct in respect of fluids?
(a) Only gases behave as fluids (c) Gases and liquid behaves as fluids
(b) Gases and solids behave as fluids (d) Only liquids are fluids.
Solution: Option (c)
57. A few substances are arranged in the increasing order of ‘forces of attraction’ between their particles. Which one
of the following represents the correct arrangement?
(a) Water, air and wind (b) Air, sugar, oil (c) Oxygen, water, sugar (d) Salt, juice, air
Solution: Option (c)
58. In which of the following conditions, the distance between the molecules of hydrogen gas would increase?
i. Increasing pressure on hydrogen contained in a iii. Increasing the volume of the container of hydrogen
closed container. gas.
ii. Some hydrogen gas leaking out of the container. iv. Adding more hydrogen gas to the container without
increasing the volume of the container.
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (i) and (iv) (c) (i) and (iii) (d) (ii) and (iv)
Solution: Option (c) is the answer.
59. Out of the following, an example of matter which can be termed as fluid is:
(a) Carbon (b) Sulphur (c) Oxygen (d) Phosphorus
Solution: Option (c) is the answer.
60. The best evidence for the existence and movement of particles in liquids was provided by:
(a) John Dalton (b) Ernest Rutherford (c) J.J Thomson (d) Robert Brown
Solution: Option (d) is the answer.
61. A form of matter has no fixed shape, but it has a fixed volume. An example of this form of matter is:
(a) Krypton (b) Kerosene (c) Carbon steel (d) Carbon dioxide
Solution; Option (b) is the answer.
62. Which of the following statement is correct?
(a) The particles of matter are very, very small (d) The particles of all the matter have spaces between
(b) The particles of matter attract one another them
(c) The particles of some of the matter are moving
constantly
Solution: Option (c) is the answer.
63. When a gas jar full of air is placed upside down on a gas jar full of bromine vapours, the red-brown vapour of
bromine from the lower jar go upward into the jar containing air. In this experiment:
(a) Air is heavier than bromine (d) Bromine cannot be heavier than air because it is
(b) Both air and bromine have the same density going upward against gravity.
(c) Bromine is heavier than air
Solution: Option (c) is the answer.
64. When a gas jar containing colourless air is kept upside down over a gas jar full of brown coloured bromine vapour,
then after some time, the brown colour of bromine vapour spreads into the upper gas jar making both the gas jar
appears brown in colour. Which of the following conclusion obtained from these observations is incorrect?
(a) Bromine vapour is made of tiny particles which are (c) The particles of bromine are moving but those of air
moving are not moving
(b) Air is made up of tiny particles which are moving (d) Even though bromine vapour is heavier than air, it
can move up against gravity
Solution: Option (c) is the answer.
65. Which of the following statement is not true?
(a) The molecules in a solid vibrate about a fixed (c) The molecules in a gas exert negligibly small forces
position on each other, except during collisions
(b) The molecules in liquid are arranged in a regular (d) The molecules of a gas occupy all the space available.
pattern
Solution: Option (b) is the answer
 Very Short Answer Type Questions
(1) The boiling point of water is 100o C. Express this in SI units (Kelvin scale)
Ans. 373 K
2. The Kelvin temperature is 270K. What is the corresponding Celsius scale temperature?
Ans. -3o C
3. Convert the temperature of 573 K to the Celsius scale.
Ans. 300 degree Celsius.
4. Convert the temperature of 3730 Celsius to the Kelvin scale.
Ans. 646 K
5. The boiling point of Alcohol is 780 Celsius, What is the temperature of Kelvin scale?
Ans. 351 K
6. The Kelvin scale temperature is 0 K. What is the corresponding Celsius scale temperature.
Ans. – 2730 Celsius.
7. Give the usual name for the following:
Heat required to change the state of a substance of a substance without changing the temperature.
Ans. Latent heat.
8. What is the (a) common unit of temperature, and (b) SI unit of temperature?
Ans. (a) 00 C (b) Kelvin
9. Write the relation between Kelvin scale and Celsius scale of temperature.
Ans. Temp. on Kelvin scale = Temp. on Celsius scale + 273
10. What should be added to a Celsius scale reading to obtain the corresponding Kelvin scale reading?
Ans. 273
11. What is meant by saying that the latent heat of fusion of ice is 3.34 x 10 5 J/kg
Ans. The latent heat of fusion of a solid is the quantity of heat in joules required to convert 1 kilogram of the solid to
liquid, without any change in temperature. It has been found by experiments that 3.34 x 105 joules of heat have to
be supplied to change 1 kilogram of ice to water at the same temperature of Oo C, So the latent heat of fusion of ice
is 3.34 x 105 J/kg.
12. What is meant by saying that the latent heat of vaporisation of water is 22.5 x 10 5 J/kg?
Ans. It has been found in experiment that 22.5 x 105 joules of heat is required to change 1 kilogram of water (at its
boiling point, 100o C) to steam at the same temperature of 100o C. So the latent heat of vaporisation of water is 22.5
x 105 J per kilogram.
13. Name the temperature at which (a) a liquid change into a gas (b) a solid change into a liquid.
Ans. (a) Boiling point (b) Heating point.
14. Name one common substance which can be easily changed from one state to another by heating cooling,
Ans, Water
15. What is the name of the process in which
(a) a solid turn directly into gas (b) a gas turns directly into a solid.
Ans. (a) Sublimation (b) Sublimation
16. Name one property which is shown by ammonium chloride but not by sodium chloride.
Ans. Sublimation.
17. What is the name of the process due to which dry ice changes into carbon di oxide gas?
Ans. Compensation
18. What is the common name of Solid Carbon Di Oxide?
Ans. Dry Ice.
19. Why is solid carbon do oxide known as dry ice?
Ans. Solid carbon di oxide directly changes into carbon di oxide gas and does not melt to produce a liquid, it is called
dry ice. Dry ice can produce much lower temperatures than that produced by ordinary ice. So it is much more
effective for cooling purposes than ordinary ice.
20. State one condition necessary to liquefy gases (other than applying high pressure).
Ans. Lowering of temperature.
21. State whether the following statement is true or false.
Solid Carbon Di Oxide is stored under low pressure. (False)
22. What is the chemical name of dry ice?
 Ans. Solid Carbon dioxide.
23. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words:
(a) Pressure; Temperature. (d) Plasma; Bose-Einstein
(b) released Condensate (BEC)
(c) 273 (e) Plasma.
Short Answer Type Questions:
24. What do you understand by the term ‘latent heat’? What are the two types of latent heat?
Ans. The heat energy which has to be supplied to change the state of a substance is called its latent heat.
Latent heat is of two types –
(1) Latent heat of fusion. (2) Latent heat of vaporisation.
25. Why is heat energy needed to melt a solid? Why is this heat energy called?
Ans. When a solid is heated, the heat energy makes its particles vibrate more vigorously. At the melting point, the
particles of solid have sufficient energy to overcome the strong forces of attraction holding them in fixed positions
and break to form small groups of particles.
This heat energy is kinetic energy.
26. Under what condition heat can be given to a substance without raising its temperature?
Ans. The heat which is going into solid but not increasing its temperature, is the energy required to change the state
of solid from solid to liquid.
27. Why does the temperature remain constant during the melting of ice even though heat is supplied continuously.
Ans. This is because of the latent heat of fusion.
28. Why does the temperature remain constant during the boiling of water even though heat is supplied
continuously?
Ans. This is because of latent heat of vaporisation.
29. Explain why ice at 0oC is more effective in cooling than water at the same temperature.
Ans. Ice at 0oC is more effective in cooling a substance than water at 0oC. This is due to the fact that for melting, each
kilogram of ice takes its latent heat of 3.34×105 joules from the substance and hence cools the substance more
effectively. On the other hand, water at 0oC cannot take any such latent heat from the substance.
30. Would you cool a bucket of water more quickly by placing it on ice or by placing ice in it? Give reason for your
answer.
Ans. We would place ice in the water to cool it more quickly because the ice takes its latent heat from the water and
hence cools it more effectively. On the other hand, if we keep the water on ice then the latent heat would be taken
from the surrounding air hence releasing its coolness to the surrounding and not the water.
31. Why does steam cause more severe burns than boiling water?
Ans. This is because steam has more heat energy than water due to its latent heat vaporization.
32. Which contains more heat, 1 kg of ice at 0o C or 1 kg of water at Oo C? Give reason.
Ans. The latent heat of fusion of ice is 3.34 x 105 J/Kg. It means that 3.34x 105 joules of heat is required to change 1
Kg of ice at its melting point of 0oC into water at the same temperature (of 0oC). This means that 1 Kg of ice at 0oC has
3.34 x 105 joules of less heat than 1 kg of water at the same temperature of 0oC.
33. Which contains more heat, 1 kg of water at 100o C or 1 kg of steam at 100oC? Give reason.
Ans. 1 Kg of steam at 100 degree Celsius has more heat than water at the same temperature because when water
changes into steam, it absorbs latent heat, but when steam condenses to form water, an equal amount of latent heat
is given out.
34. Explain why, steam at 100o Celsius is better for heating purposes than boiling water at 100 oC.
Ans. This is because steam at 100oC contains more heat, in the form of latent heat, than boiling water at 100oC.
Hence, steam would give out 22.5 x 105 joules per kilogram more heat than boiling water.
35. Which produces more severe burns: boiling water or steam? Why?
Ans. Steam. This is because the steam contains more heat, in the form of latent heat, than boiling water. Hence,
when steam falls on our skin and condenses to produce water it gives out 22.5 x 105 joules per kilogram more heat
than boiling water.
36. Why does the temperature of a substance remain constant during the change of state?
Ans. It is because the heat gets used up in changing the state by overcoming the forces of attraction between the
particles.
37. What is the physical state of water:
(a) at 00 Celsius? (b) at 250 Celsius? (c) at 1000 Celsius? (d) at 2500 Celsius?
Ans. (a) Either solid (as ice) or liquid as 0oC is the melting point of ice as well as the freezing point of water.
(b) Liquid.
(c) Either a liquid or a gas (steam) as 100oC is the boiling point of water as well as the condensation temperature of
steam.
(d) Gas.
38. Explain why there is no rise in temperature of a substance when it undergoes a change of state though heat is
supplied continuously.
Ans. The temperature of a substance remains constant during the change of state though heat is supplied
continuously because the heat gets used up in changing the state by overcoming the forces of attraction between the
particles.
39. Define melting point of a substance? What is the melting point of ice?
Ans. The temperature at which the solid substance melts and changes into a liquid at atmospheric pressure is called
the melting pint of the substance.
The melting point of ice is 0o C
40. Define boiling point of a substance? What is the boiling point of water?
Ans. The temperature at which a liquid boils and changes rapidly into a gas at atmosphere pressure is called boiling
point of the liquid.
The boiling point of water is 1000 Celsius.
41. Define the following terms: Melting and Boiling
Ans. (a) The process in which a solid substance changes into a liquid on heating is called Melting.
(b) The process in which a liquid substance changes into a gas rapidly on heating is called boiling.
42. Define the following terms: Condensation and Freezing
Ans. (a) Condensation: The process of changing a gas (or vapour) to a liquid by cooling is called condensation..
(b) Freezing: The process of changing a liquid into a solid by cooling is called freezing.
43. Explain why naphthalene balls kept in stored clothes in our in our homes disappear over a period of time.
Ans. It is because of sublimation naphthalene balls kept in stored clothes in our in our homes disappear over a period
of time.
44. Explain briefly how gases can be liquefied.
Ans. There is a lot of space between the particles of gas. We can reduce the spaces between the particles of a gas by
enclosing it in a cylinder and compressing it by pushing in the piston. If enough force is applied to the piston, the gas
is highly compressed. The particles of gas get so close together that they start attracting each other sufficiently to
form a liquid. And we say that gas has liquefied. When a gas is compressed too much, then heat is produced due to
compression. So, while applying pressure to liquefy gases, it is necessary to cool them to take away the heat
produced during compression. Cooling lowers the temperature of compressed gas and help in liquefying it.
45. How is ammonia gas liquefied?
Ans. Ammonia gas can be liquefied by applying high pressure and lowering the temperature.
46. How does applying pressure (or compression) help in the liquefaction of a gas?
Ans. There is a lot of space between the particles of a gas. If enough pressure is applied to the gas, it gets highly
compressed. The particles of gas get so close together that they start attracting each other sufficiently to form a
liquid. And we say that the gas has liquefied.
47. How does perspiration or sweating help keep our body cool on a hot day?
Ans. Perspiration (or sweating) is our body’s method. Of maintaining a constant temperature. On a hot day or after
doing some physical exercise, when our body temperature tends to rise too much, our sweat glands give out
moisture on our skin. When this sweat evaporates it takes the latent heat of vaporization from our body. This keeps
our body cool.
48. Why does all the water of the earth not get evaporated during hot summer days?
Ans This is because of the high value of latent heat of vaporization of water.
49. If the back of your hand is moistened with alcohol, you will find that it rapidly becomes dry. Why is it that while it
is drying, your hands feel cool.
Ans. If the back of our hand is moistened with alcohol we will see it is rapidly drying and gets cool due to the fact that
to change from the liquid to the vapour state, alcohol requires latent heat of vaporization. The alcohol takes this
latent heat of vaporization from our hand. The hand loses heat and gets cool.
50. What type of clothes should we wear in summer? Why?
Ans. We should wear cotton clothes in hot summer days to keep cool and comfortable.
We get a lot of sweat on our body in hot summer days. Now cotton is a good absorber of water, so it absorbs the
sweat from our body and exposes it to the air for evaporation.
51. Why we can sip hot tea or milk hot tea or milk faster from a saucer rather than from a cup?
Ans. We are able to sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer rather than from a cup because saucer has a large surface
area. Due to the large surface of saucer, the evaporation of hot tea (or milk) from the saucer is faster. And this faster
evaporation cools the hot tea (or milk) more quickly making it convenient for us to drink it.
52. Why does our palm feel cool when we put some acetone (or perfume) on it?
Ans. If we put a little perfume at the palm of our hand and wave it around, the spirits evaporates rapidly and our
hand feels very cool. This is due to the fact that no change from the liquid to the vapour state, perfume requires
latent heat of vaporization from anything which it touches. By losing heat, this anything gets cooled.
53. How will you demonstrate that water vapour is present in air?
Ans. The formation of drops of water on the outside surface of tumbler containing crushed ice shows the presence of
water vapour in air.
Long Answer Type Questions:
54. Define the term latent heat of fusion of a solid. How much is the latent heat of fusion of ice?
Ans. The latent heat of fusion of a solid is the quantity of heat in joules required to convert 1 kilogram of the solid to
liquid without any change in temperature.
The latent heat of fusion of ice – 3.34 x 105 joules per kilogram.
55. Define the term latent heat of vaporization of a liquid. What is the value of the latent heat of vaporization of
water?
Ans. The heat which is going into boiling liquid but not increasing its temperature is the energy required to change
the state of liquid to gas. This is known as the latent heat of vaporization of liquid.
Latent heat of vaporization of water is 22.5 x 105 joules per kilogram.
56. What is sublimation? Name two substance which undergo sublimation.
Ans. The changing of solid directly into vapours on heating and of vapours into solid on cooling is called sublimation.
Two substance which undergo sublimation are iodine, camphor.
57. (a) What are the two ways in which the physical states of matter can be changed?
(b) How can the evaporation of a liquid be made faster?
Ans. (a) Matter can change from one state to another if heated or cooled. If ice (a solid) is heated it changes to water
(a liquid). This change is called MELTING. If water is heated, it changes to steam (a gas).
(b) Evaporation of a liquid be made faster by increasing or raising the temperature liquid can be evaporated faster.
58. (a) What is evaporation? State the various factors which affect evaporation.
(b) Why does evaporation cool a liquid?
Ans. The process of a liquid changing into vapour (or gas) even below its boiling point is called evaporation.
The various factors which affect evaporation are:
(1) Temperature (2) Surface area (3) Humidity (4) Wind speed.
(b) Whenever a liquid evaporates, it must be supplied the latent heat of vaporization. The cool caused by evaporation
is based on the fact that: when a liquid evaporates its takes the latent heat of vaporization from anything which it
touches. By losing heat this anything gets cooled. For example: During summer day water is kept in an earthen pot to
keep it cool. This is because the earthen pot has many extremely small pores in its walls. Some of the water
continuously keeps deeping through these pores to the outside of the pot. This water evaporates continuously and
takes the latented heat required for vaporisation from earthen pot and the remaining water. In this way, the
remaining water loses heat and gets cooled.