(1) Force Exerted by the Jet on a Stationary Vertical Plate
(2)Force Exerted by a Jet on Stationary Inclined Flat Plate.
Let , … ( 1)
.The jet after striking
. (2) •
Then,
(3) When the curved plate is unsymmetrical about x-axis, then the angles made by the tangents drawn at the inlet and outlet tips of the plate with x-axis will be different. Therefore, the forces exerted by the NOW, jet of water in the directions x and y are:-
. ( 1) Fig. below shows a jet of water striking a flat vertical plate moving with a uniform velocity away from the jet.
………… 1 In, the above equation, (2) Let a jet of water strikes an inclined plate which is moving with a uniform velocity in the direction of the jet as show in the figure below.
Let,
3 ( 1) Let a jet of water strike a curved plate at the center of the plate which is moving with a uniform velocity in the direction of the jet as shown in figure :-
Let,
Relative velocity of the jet of water or the
velocity with which jet strikes the curved plate is = ( V – u ).
Force exerted by a jet of water on an Un-symmetrical moving Curved Plate when Jet strikes tangentially at one of the tips :- Let a jet of water strike a moving curved plate (also called vane) tangentially, at one of its tips. As the jet strikes tangentially, the loss of energy due to impact of the jet will be zero. In this case as plate is moving, the velocity with which the jet of water is equal to the relative velocity of the jet with respect to the plate. Also as the plate is moving in different direction of the jet, the relative velocity at the inlet will be equal to the vector difference of the velocity of the jet and velocity of the plate at inlet. Let,
The triangles ABD and EGH are called
the velocity triangles at inlet and outlet. . Force exerted by a jet of water on a series of vanes :-
The force exerted by a jet of water on a single moving plate ( which may be flat or curved ) is not practically feasible. This case is only a theoretical one. In actual practice , a large number of plates are mounted on the circumference of a wheel at a fixed distance apart as shown in the figure. The jet strikes a plate and due to the force exerted by the jet on the plate, the wheel starts moving and the second plate mounted on the wheel appears before the jet, which again exerts the force on the 2nd plate. Thus each plate appears successively before the jet and the jet exerts force on the each plate. The wheel starts moving at a constant speed.
Let,
2u[V − u ] Therefore, Efficiency, η = ………… 1 V2
Equation 1 above gives the value of efficiency of the wheel. For a given jet velocity V, the efficiency will be maximum when :- On substituting the value of V=2u, in the above equation 1, we get the maximum efficiency as :- Force exerted on a series of Radial curved vanes :-
For a radial curved vane, the radius of the vane at inlet and outlet is different and hence the tangential velocities of the radial vane at the inlet and outlet will not be equal. Consider a series of radial curved vanes mounted on wheel as shown in figure below. The jet of water strikes the vane s and the wheel starts rotating at a constant angular speed.
