Vardhaman College of Engg. Mechanical Engg.: Unit-I Impact of Jet On Vanes

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGG. MECHANICAL ENGG.
UNIT-I Impact of Jet on Vanes
If the fluid is moving with high velocity, then it is called jet. Generally Nozzle is used to increase the kinetic energy of fluid. When the jet moves and strikes the obstruction like flat plate, vane in its path. Then the jet will exert the force on the obstruction, it is known as Impact of Jet.
CONT..
The Impulse Momentum Principle is
used to calculate the hydrodynamic force of jet on the vane. This principle is derived from the Newtons II Law of Motion. Newtons II Law of Motion: The rate of change of momentum of a moving body is directly proportional to the magnitude of the applied force and takes place in the direction of the applied force.
F = ( mV - mU )/ t
F x t = m(V-U)
Where F x t is called impulse force.
m(V-U) is called change in momentum.
Impulse Momentum Principle & Applications:

From Newtons II Law
F = ma F = m ( V -U ) / t Ft = mV mU Impulse = Final momentum Initial momentum
Applications: To calculate force of jet on moving & stationary vanes To calculate propulsive force in propulsive engines To calculate resultant force in the pipe bend.
Force Of Jet Impinging Normally On A Fixed Plate

Mass of water flowing/s = kg We know that the velocity of jet,
in its original direction, is reduced to zero after the impact (as the plate is fixed). Therefore force exerted by the jet on the plane.
Force Of Jet Impinging On An Inclined Fixed Plate

Force exerted by the jet on the
plane =
Force exerted by the jet in a
direction normal to the plate,
and the force exerted by the jet
in the direction of flow,
CONT.
Similarly. force exerted by the jet in a direction normal to flow
Force Of Jet Impinging On A Moving Plate
Let, = Velocity of the plate, as a
result of the impact of jet

A little conversation will show
that the relative velocity of the jet with respect to the plate equal to (V-v)m/s. For analysis purposes, it will be assumed that the plate is fixed and the jet is moving with a velocity of (V-v)m/s. Therefore force exerted by the jet,
CONT.
Force Of Jet Impinging On A Moving Curved Vane

V = Velocity of the jet (AC), while entering the vane, V1 = Velocity of the jet (EG), while leaving the vane, v1, v2 = Velocity of the vane (AB, FG) = Angle with the direction of motion of the vane, at which the jet enters the vane, = Angle with the direction of motion of the vane, at which the jet leaves the vane, Vr = Relative velocity of the jet and the vane (BC) at entrance (it is the vertical difference between V and v) Vr1 = Relative velocity of the jet and the vane (EF) at exit (it is the vertical difference between v1 and v2) = Angle, which Vr makes with the direction of motion of the vane at inlet (known as vane angle at inlet),
CONT
= Angle, which Vr makes with the direction of motion of the vane at inlet (known as vane angle at inlet),
= Angle, which Vr1 makes with the direction of (known as vane angle at outlet),
motion of the vane at outlet
Vw = Horizontal component of V (AD, equal to ). It is a component parallel to the direction of motion of the vane (known as velocity of whirl at inlet),
Vw1 = Horizontal component of V1 (HG, equal to ). It is a component parallel to the direction of motion of the vane (known as velocity of whirl at outlet),
Vf = Vertical component of V (DC, equal to ). It is a component at right angles to the direction of motion of the vane (known as velocity of flow at inlet), Vf1 = Vertical component of V1 (EH, equal to ). It is a component at right angles to the direction of motion of the vane (known as velocity of flow at outlet), a = Cross sectional area of the jet.
CONT..
As the jet of water enters and leaves the vanes tangentially, therefore
shape of the vanes will be such that Vr and Vr1 will be along with tangents to the vanes at inlet and outlet. The relations between the inlet and outlet triangles (untill and unless given) are: (i) v=v1,and (ii) Vr=Vr1 We know that the force of jet, in the direction of motion of the vane

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VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGG. MECHANICAL ENGG.

UNIT-I Impact of Jet on Vanes

m(V-U) is called change in momentum.

Impulse Momentum Principle & Applications:

Force Of Jet Impinging Normally On A Fixed Plate

Force Of Jet Impinging On An Inclined Fixed Plate

direction normal to the plate,

and the force exerted by the jet

in the direction of flow,

Force Of Jet Impinging On A Moving Plate

Let, = Velocity of the plate, as a

result of the impact of jet

Force Of Jet Impinging On A Moving Curved Vane

motion of the vane at outlet

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