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    2.Chemical equations to represent reactions

    Uploaded by

    lalanasummers
    gRADE 9 NS

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    2.Chemical equations to represent reactions

    Uploaded by

    lalanasummers
    1 views8 pages
    gRADE 9 NS

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    gRADE 9 NS

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1 views8 pages

    2.Chemical equations to represent reactions

    Uploaded by

    lalanasummers
    gRADE 9 NS

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 8

    Chemical equations to

    represent reactions.

    1. Introduction:
    • Reactants: The substances that react with one another.
    • Chemical reaction: A chemical process in which two or more
    substances react to from new substances.
    • Products: The new substances that are made.

    Reactants Product

    • The forces that hold atoms together are called chemical bonds.
    • In all chemical reactions, the atoms in molecules rearrange
    themselves to form new molecules.
    Page 1 of 8
    • Forming Compounds: The atoms in one set of compounds
    separate as bonds break between them, and they get rearranged
    into new groups as new bonds form. When this happens, we
    say a chemical reaction has occurred.
    • Models are used to represent reactions: Formation of carbon
    dioxide.
    • No atoms are lost or gained in a chemical reaction; they are
    simply rearranged.

    2. Word Equation
    • A word equation uses words to represent what happens to
    elements and compounds during a reaction.
    • The reaction showing the formation of carbon dioxide can be
    represented as follows:
    carbon + oxygen → carbon dioxide
    • The arrow represents the chemical reaction taking place.

    Page 2 of 8
    • Word comparative: The reactants (carbon and oxygen) react
    to form the product (carbon dioxide).

    3. Chemical Equations:
    • Chemical reactions are usually represented in symbol form as
    chemical equations.
    • Chemical equation: a summary of a chemical reaction, using
    symbols and formulae.

    Page 3 of 8
    • Example:
    Hydrogen reacting with oxygen.
    Two hydrogen molecules (H2) and one oxygen molecule (O2).
    Hydrogen atoms are white circles and oxygen atoms are red
    circles.

    • The chemical equation for water:


    2 H2 + O2→2 H2O
    • The subscript is the smaller numbers used inside and
    below the chemical formulae.
    • Subscripts indicate the number of atoms of the element
    appearing in the formula.
    • The subscript "2" in CO2 indicates e.g., that there are 2 oxygen
    atoms in 1 molecule of carbon dioxide.
    • Numbers in front of chemical formulae in the equation. They
    are called coefficients.
    • Coefficients indicate the ratio in which the molecules react.
    • 2 Molecules of hydrogen react with 1 molecule of oxygen to
    form water.
    Page 4 of 8
    • The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is always 2:1/
    • If there is no number in front of the compound assume
    there’s a one.

    4. Diatomic Elements:
    • Certain elements are not build using single atoms.
    • Thy consist of diatomic molecules.
    • Elements like hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine and iodine
    are made up of diatomic molecules.

    Page 5 of 8
    • Activity 11 page 85

    5. Balancing Equations:
    • When a chemical reaction takes place, atoms are not lost
    or gained, they are simply rearranged.
    • This means that the number of reactants must equal the
    number of products.

    carbon + oxygen → carbon dioxide

    Written as a chemical equation it is C + O2 → CO2

    • Left side: 1 atom of carbon and 2 atoms of oxygen.


    • Right side: 1 atom of carbon and 2 atoms of oxygen.
    • This reaction is said to be balanced.
    • The left side is equal to the right side = balanced.
    • When we balance chemical equations, we may only add
    coefficients to the chemical formulae.

    Page 6 of 8
    • You can’t change the chemical formulae of any of the
    reactant or products.
    • Can’t change the subscripts in a formula.
    • We can’t add other reactants or products.
    • You can’t remove reactant or products.

    Page 7 of 8
    6. Balancing an unbalanced equation
    • Rust forms when iron combines with oxygen dissolved in
    the moisture in the air.
    • Iron + Oxygen = Iron oxide
    • Fe + O2 = Fe2O3

    • Reactant (left) side: 1 x FE and 2 x O.


    • Product (right side): 2 x FE and 3x O.
    • Equation is unbalanced.

    Page 8 of 8

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