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    Text Processing Steps

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    pratyushksingh2001

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    Text Processing Steps

    Uploaded by

    pratyushksingh2001
    5 views3 pages

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    5 views3 pages

    Text Processing Steps

    Uploaded by

    pratyushksingh2001

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 3

    For building an end-to-end intelligent document classifier, preprocessing the text is a crucial step

    to prepare the data for effective model training. NLP techniques for preprocessing aim to clean,
    normalize, and extract useful features from the text. Below are the key NLP preprocessing
    techniques you can use:

    1. Text Cleaning

     Lowercasing: Convert all text to lowercase to ensure uniformity (e.g., "Cat" and "cat"
    are treated the same).
     Remove Punctuation: Remove punctuation marks to focus on textual content.
     Remove Numbers: Optional, depending on whether numbers carry meaningful
    information.
     Remove Special Characters: Eliminate characters like @, #, $, %, etc., unless they are
    significant.

    2. Tokenization

     Split the text into smaller units such as words, sentences, or subwords.
     Use libraries like:
    o nltk or spacy for word or sentence tokenization.
    o Subword tokenizers like Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE) or WordPiece for deep
    learning models (e.g., BERT, GPT).

    3. Stopword Removal

     Remove common words (e.g., "and," "is," "the") that may not contribute much to the
    classification task.
     Use predefined stopword lists from libraries like nltk or customize based on the domain.

    4. Stemming and Lemmatization

     Stemming: Reduce words to their root forms (e.g., "running" → "run"). Tools: nltk or
    SnowballStemmer.
     Lemmatization: Reduce words to their base forms using vocabulary and grammar rules
    (e.g., "ran" → "run"). Tools: nltk or spaCy.
    5. Handling Noise

     Remove HTML Tags: If working with web data, strip HTML tags using libraries like
    BeautifulSoup.
     Remove URLs and Email Addresses: Use regular expressions to clean URLs and email
    addresses.
     Remove Non-English Text: If the classifier is language-specific, identify and remove
    texts in other languages.

    6. Text Normalization

     Spell Correction: Correct spelling errors using libraries like TextBlob or SymSpell.
     Expand Contractions: Convert contractions (e.g., "can't" → "cannot") using libraries
    like pycontractions.

    7. Feature Extraction

     Parts-of-Speech (POS) Tagging: Identify nouns, verbs, etc., to understand the


    grammatical structure.
     Named Entity Recognition (NER): Extract entities like names, dates, and locations.
     TF-IDF Transformation: Convert text into numerical features based on word
    importance.

    8. Text Vectorization

     Bag-of-Words (BoW): Represent text as a vector of word counts or binary


    presence/absence.
     TF-IDF: Weight words based on their frequency in a document relative to their
    occurrence in the corpus.
     Word Embeddings:
    o Pretrained embeddings: Word2Vec, GloVe, FastText.
    o Contextual embeddings: BERT, RoBERTa, DistilBERT (use transformers
    library).

    9. Handling Class Imbalance

     If some categories have very few documents, balance the dataset using:
    o Oversampling techniques (e.g., SMOTE).
    o Undersampling techniques.
    o Data augmentation (e.g., paraphrasing).

    10. Sentence-Level Preprocessing

     If the documents contain long paragraphs, preprocess at the sentence level:


    o Split into sentences.
    o Process each sentence independently before combining results.

    11. Handling Domain-Specific Text

     Custom Stopwords: Add domain-specific words to the stopword list.


     Custom Tokenization: Adapt tokenization for domain-specific formatting, such as legal
    or medical text.

    Tools for Preprocessing

     Python Libraries:
    o Text cleaning: re, BeautifulSoup, pandas.
    o Tokenization: nltk, spaCy, transformers.
    o Lemmatization/Stemming: nltk, spaCy.
    o Vectorization: scikit-learn, gensim, transformers.

    By combining these preprocessing techniques, you can effectively clean and prepare your text
    data, making it ready for model training. Would you like to see an example implementation for
    any specific technique? 😊

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