Enegy boa lencey

Enegy Can neithsy be craatiol

but it Con be onVen tol from Dne
be destoged
torom to
anothe torm

Ene vgy'- abiity to olo oovk

Types of negy
EPE, thevmel Snergy.
s.î.unith of EneNgy: Tou s

PEmg
Yohlann i latu flouss fronma large lolke ntoa
poroles unit thougu.a 02m Snsidu diamutu pipe
ada rate 2-om. caleutat ttu
kinetic £nwgy tor uis Stream ín T
Sel)

Civendata
vountc tow ati -omy

3600
-O.5C ms
 Voluneticfroati
ve locity m: AYea

AYCa

ve loety oo004

A quid s pumped .tom a storasp . tank loal

atebe of 2-5(m innel danvetn -ot tie rat tg
O-00s ls. wat s -ttiu specite kinti

100U

-Axeor
(o19 ms
 Spe cific kf s9.s9
Mas lowYat ,rm

5|.92leg
Prcblna so kals
Watu is puipe -tavat o So
Apm a point too om below ttu Ean tus Surtare
lo0-em above tlu 0nd tevel. (alilot
to a point
fa
in potential Shergs

Heghtloo41oo
PE = mgh 200m
ARE mg hh-hi)> Sx8t: (100- (-io))
 e i by
ttu sa's Jequre
.to
wwat af of
f t9 temp
quantty
of alorie
a as
gen from
temp. lauwei tenpto
iywhh Bomf is
a Heat
tteat
ranl tiens Pps
uiy. of
s motieu
"posseit:
Yebt wirtü
of System
aen ttio
2c feld pottal
PE eg Potntial
te tt to de
e-Gamv
spead ttha o
(Vthen
ob3et mouing an f k-F
maslm). o8 aby
tem sys oty
veoci CGof
. (v) ty The
Swgy
aMoMe.til
tie objeta an itla Emengy ti. kine
 lobel tu st rean.

stvom (ornponwta using matenal bnlante

tu
wDetenmlae .tie Snfhalisf tt mponsnd
Steans. Snteing

for. Componnta sued ehonso aa ve fevene

temp eu ohich day or for CovBancs
tti Calelati
Energy talane Bor a closed sstnii
FRnal ngy ntial rwyy Net fnwgy
'itial nengy UEk) Ep,
Final gy
net Enrgy thaneed G+
Subscripta
of ttie Systws
 Enengy balantr for tl clnea Sy
chong in ntenna! srang
SEL: change in kç

Enengy Sabnci -steady tlow procu tor open

System.
nput Engy output Eregy
Ptsngy is ttu total Sat
ot winetie Poteutianal ou nternal nuy

by ae tt pou Strea -plua ttu t

ttu Out put ià ttu to

Steoms
 Sysum em.

of all out tstrCans.

ptig
Egns y steody statefor pensystm,
Combining
Loe get,
utE4, +EA) I(utEktEo)- 9+hg+(?y
Z(tRy)-(R)+z(Ea-Ek) +z(En-tr)e q+
H U+PV

EH- ZH,t (Ek+E4)t(tR, -EP) 9t3-)

negligible .

tor ttu row n oY maM foO Yat m

2mH Zm H)
 donoted
Hby Gutholy
à
nminng
tiony Soltious
teac awiol f
iain phase in Con temp) in
lause our
chainye
be Con nthapy
Utp Ha
system
ttemocyuanie
gymternal Surin ttu Stafply
and
contet neat ttotal ttu to
cohich
is systemtbsmadyaanit
Entialey
e ngy mealabk
heat Selease opabu
to work vt
non to
docopabe system a
nital
otyttmodyanmie
PoroeAÁES.
Snogy tovm
of
tunal of
al loaans
ohiehua lanco ba heat
 tti owt hiot
y tleq ( a subs boanie
to fnceje tu
by tk

heat yacity a pant.ha

çttu atio
waten
twhstn to-tt Aeat Copacity of

dT

Heat opouty
at Conatant voirhe Cu: d
at constant pusure Cpz dg

Heot
apauty a substanee is. Exprcsed
dT
Heat

Heot Capacty at Conatant

volu

unden
Costantwoune dQ: du
whee cy t molal heatopaity at
Cotat voni
 PvaT
enngyia nteal
ttgas fdeal
voum., snstaut
tdu' dT
cp
dQe
pvRT gas deal For
n
pme Constant afacity
t
-heat
tte:molal soprserti lhe
Gp
presu Coytant t CpdT d¡i
pYeyw congtant aaety
ot Heat i
 ().e
bittd)AT fat
nmos for
iu abovevaluesm co tu Substi
tempealu that tor. squ Empita
Cpdr
tant con atgases :CoRoetyi kcat
constant
p at toT espect with
sqi aboveditferetiatiou tial Pa
 fne tios of tomp a
Capocity
sxp1eod in fpoly nomia tornm
equeuthy

Problen
Pure Ethuglen . heatral fom.30c to 25ó',

tmospherie poreb 4
aleulat, the h t
Per kmou ot stylntsng -teuheat
opauty

3o3k (24t 3):

(sn
2
s-o)+(s1r6)
3

o4.28 +
14085.23t(- 3 32.36)-+281-4)
|21ul94 4s|mol
-afay
gaseous mât,
Heat capaity jf
heatingo codang in a gas mia tine of bnon lompositio

the chane caleulations may be irgkt

heat

by taleelating ttu heat paui hy for te

mixlwe

Cpix
Mas at or mole traction imcomposito
ttu heat copae' ties of ttu
mêtue
mirtre o teat pacites of ith componnt.
chauge bor n mols ot tt gas.

gn by
n ix (T)ar

mean molal heat opazty-data of te

molal .ueat capeci ty ttu

icPmi
Cpmbute) be-eeu moan nolal
hast copoeity o
compont
eapetively
 about
T-To detal DSunin
(pdT
bayeaotbitay any bagi's te Dn
Capaty teat Mola On
Copociky mitue
)4
Copoeity
heat
termposts bluw clhang thenA i
Gapotity host
dme
da=
gven bemay
hey heat Sensiblu leu iquids neaseof
andd To betgeen Copacilies heat melol
latuut heat fvapourisatiou
heat is noedo
he amount of heat Ao
a wnit nam iquis substanee toconvet
Tliese at constut temperat Condlitisis
knoon as atent heat vapeuaio

The amount f heat neeledd to t n

temporatwe of
kaat of vapous'zatie.
-Meat of fusion te Quantty of heat
to eloung 9 efoSold to a liquid
necensany
coit wo timp chage s kncon as heat
of
fusien.
Fopp's Rule t Neumann's kopp's aw)

kopp's Rule i an apvoimat Emy

fovdatat calat eat copaties y
Componale by addiy t hsat copoctieg Soeh
inuut of a
ceumpau.
e ttu -do phase a
elease
ov mayReacion boiling.A
d metiny such chages
as phase avd
ens chenical
heatsn of
study
hetmocnisty l
form. polan ta becose at to
acte tum
oe not meawsttw qds Alou-Polan
ligids polaj non- f
erootan's
vals Calcuate to
onr ati koosty istya
approitaly
knde aavd ots bolng
manmy torConstant nealy
statw
tti ttrat
RatoTrbutou's
tnmp ign for aod
acewat s
tunp sbom ittor Capnety
Sot (ov) Solids of
iquids
at Rule kop's
aloabt lo od
 he anount heat absorbeol or geleased
hen oue mole of a torpounol iis fomedl
umeuts "Eec h SubstanC,
Aeon éts Contureuti
being n ib novmal state
is
(9)

tombusien
The comubstiÙu is knouon as
.honiny
"that is a chemteal eaton ttat ocours
cohn a l eacts with oxygen wsually
at high tmpeoate to poodiee héot audl

-tte ss's awr

The total ameunt of neat aborbeal orte

uhet tte n
takes place n ne Step or
mtipe stp,'ttess es auo also knouon au heM's au
ot contand heat of summaton,

Rn, Sts) t O (g) So,(g)

(g So, )
 3tattand nfhalpy
Caleaalatt ttu -data
folloing

Solu

+ 2H2 (g)
+(

olelat
iathotoy tor
FesO +3co2Fe t30

fe,o t 30
+30)
 basis of ata gven te lous n a s t

Frvnatio of zn sou rom .eiwnte

ZnS30, no+2 So, H:

-21-gkeoltkg mo

AH -55. lo kal 1g mal

26s +30, 2Zxlo t86, cal[ky

(-)tl-1-3t) +(-ue.a)t(-Upe)

DHZnSou u66.9G
 -13|2hoer

LE
nV NIV + m
tvaítsa

00
3000 -4000 h n