Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 4 views

    Hydrographic Surveying

    Uploaded by

    Nilang Panchal

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Hydrographic Surveying

    Uploaded by

    Nilang Panchal
    4 views22 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    4 views22 pages

    Hydrographic Surveying

    Uploaded by

    Nilang Panchal

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 22

    Hydrographic Surveying

    B.Tech-Civil, Semester-IV

    Surveying-II
    Content
    • Introduction
    • Application/Uses
    • Types
    • Sounding
    Introduction
    • It is the branch of surveying which deals with any body of still
    or running water such as a lake, harbor, stream or river.
    Hydrographic surveys are used to define shore line and under
    water features.

    • Rain Gauging (Hydrology)


    • River Gauging
    • Marine Survey
    Objectives of Hydrographic Surveying
    • Measurement of tides for offshore engineering works
    • Determination of bed depth, by soundings
    • Determination of direction and velocity of flow
    Uses of Hydrographic Surveying
    • Depth of the bed can be determined
    • Shore lines can be determined
    • Navigation Chart Preparation
    • Locate sewer fall by measuring direct currents
    • Locating mean sea level
    • Scouring, silting and irregularities of the bed can be identified
    • Tide measurement
    • River and stream discharge measurement
    • Massive structures like bridges, dams harbors are planned
    River Gauging
    • River gauging involves measurement of discharge of a river
    and fixing the gauge post on the banks.
    Requirements:
    • To fix the no. of spans of road and railway bridges
    • To fix the height of a guide bank
    • To fix the spillway levels and height of dams
    • To design the cross drainage works
    River Gauging
    Selection of Discharge measurement site:

    • The river should be straight for minimum length of 500 m or 4 times


    its width
    • The Section should be well defined
    • The flow should be confined in single channel. Bifurcation is not
    allowed
    • The center line of the discharge site should be marked on both
    banks (targets).
    River Gauging
    Selection of Discharge measurement site:
    River Gauging
    Gauge Post:
    • Gauge posts are wooden posts of
    section 10cm*5cm and length 2 m with
    accuracy of 0.01m of gradual readings
    marked with.
    • The posts are fixed in series of concrete
    foundation along the slope of the river
    bank.
    River Gauging
    Gauge Post:
    Sounding
    • Measurement of depth of water in known as Sounding.

    Methods:
    • Sounding Rod
    • Sounding Cable
    • Echo-sounder (microwaves method)
    • EDM
    Sounding
    Sounding
    Sounding
    Sounding
    • Location of Sounding:

    Methods:
    • Conning the survey vessel (Cross Rope, Range & Time method)
    • Observations with theodolite or sextant
    • Theodolite angles and EDM distances from the shore
    • Microwave systems
    Measurement of Velocity
    Measurement of Velocity
    Measurement of Velocity
    Measurement of Velocity
    Cross Section Area of River
    Measurement of Tides
    Mean Sea Level
    • The Mean Sea Level may be defined as the mean level of the
    sea, obtained by taking the mean of the all the height of the
    tide, as measured at hourly intervals over some stated period
    (generally 19 years) covering a whole number of complete
    tides.

    You might also like