Derivative of a Function

Definition: The derivative of the function 𝑓(𝑥) with respect to 𝑥 is the function 𝑓(𝑥) given by
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
[read 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) as “𝑓 prime of 𝑥”]. The process of computing the derivative is called
differentiation, and we say that 𝑓(𝑥) is differentiable at 𝑥 = 𝑐 if f𝑓 ′ (𝑐) exists; that is, if the
limit that defines 𝑓 ′ (𝑐) exists when 𝑥 = 𝑐.

Example 1
Find the derivative of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 16𝑥 2 .
Solution:
The difference quotient for 𝑓(𝑥) is
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥) 16(𝑥 + ℎ)2 − 16𝑥 2
=
ℎ ℎ
16(𝑥 + 2ℎ𝑥 + ℎ2 ) − 16𝑥 2
2
=
ℎ
16𝑥 + 32ℎ𝑥 + 16ℎ2 − 16𝑥 2
2
=
ℎ
32ℎ𝑥 − 16ℎ2
=
ℎ
ℎ(32𝑥 − 16ℎ)
=
ℎ
= 32𝑥 + 16ℎ

Thus, the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 16𝑥 2 is the function

𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
= lim 32𝑥 + 16ℎ
ℎ→0
= 32𝑥 + 16(0) = 𝟑𝟐𝒙

Example 2
Find the derivative of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 35.
Solution:
Step 1: 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 35
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) = 2(𝑥 + ℎ)2 − 16(𝑥 + ℎ) + 35
= 2(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 ) − 16𝑥 − 16ℎ + 35
= 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥ℎ + 2ℎ2 − 16𝑥 − 16ℎ + 35

𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥) (2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥ℎ + 2ℎ2 − 16𝑥 − 16ℎ + 35) − (2𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 35)
Step 2: =
ℎ ℎ
2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥ℎ + 2ℎ2 − 16𝑥 − 16ℎ + 35 − 2𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 − 35
=
ℎ
2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥ℎ + 2ℎ2 − 16𝑥 − 16ℎ + 35 − 2𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 − 35
=
ℎ
2
4𝑥ℎ + 2ℎ − 16ℎ
=
ℎ
ℎ(4𝑥 + 2ℎ − 16)
=
ℎ
= 4𝑥 + 2ℎ − 16
Step 3: By definition, the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) is
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim = lim 4𝑥 + 2ℎ − 16
ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ→0

= 4𝑥 + 2(0) − 16 = 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟏𝟔
Notation: The derivative of the function 𝑓 at 𝑥 can be denoted by any of the following:
𝑑𝑦 𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥), , 𝐷𝑥 𝑓, 𝐷𝑥 (𝑓(𝑥)), 𝐷𝑥 𝑦, [𝑓(𝑥)], 𝑦′
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Page |1
Basic Differentiation Rules
Derivative of a Constant
If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐 (a constant) for all 𝑥, then 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 for all 𝑥.

Example:
Find the derivative of the following:
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 13
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = −9
3
3. 𝑓(𝑥) =
2

Solution/s:
1. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑓′(13) = 0
2. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑓′(−9) = 0
3
3. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑓 ′ ( ) = 0
2

Power Rule for an Integer 𝒏.

If 𝑛 is a rational integer and 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑛 , then 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 .

Example:
Find the derivative of the following:
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 5
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 −3
1
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2
3
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 2
1
5. 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥7

Solution/s:
1. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 5𝑥 5−1 = 5𝑥 4
2. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −3𝑥 −3−1 = −3𝑥 −4
1 1
1 1
3. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥 2−1 = 𝑥 −2
2 2
2 2 1
3 2 2
4. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑓 ′ ( √𝑥 2 ) = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 3 ) = 𝑥 3−1 = 𝑥 −3
3 3
1 7
5. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑓 ′ ( 7) = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 −7 ) = −7𝑥 −7−1 = −7𝑥 −8 = −
𝑥 𝑥8

Theorem 3:
If 𝑓 is a differentiable function at 𝑥 and 𝐹(𝑥) = 𝑐 ⋅ 𝑓(𝑥), where 𝑐 is a constant, then 𝐹 is
differentiable at 𝑥 and 𝐹 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑐 ⋅ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥), that is, if 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐 ⋅ 𝑥 𝑛 , then 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑐 ⋅ 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 .

Example:
Find the derivative of the following:
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 7𝑥 3
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 −2
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 5
Solution/s:
1. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 7 ⋅ 3𝑥 3−1 = 21𝑥 2
2. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 4 ⋅ −2𝑥 −2−1 = −8𝑥 −3
3. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −2 ⋅ 5𝑥 5−1 = −10𝑥 4

Page |2
 Derivative of a Sum
If 𝑓 and 𝑔 are differentiable at 𝑥 and ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥), then ℎ is differentiable at 𝑥 and
ℎ′(𝑥) = 𝑓′(𝑥) + 𝑔′(𝑥).

Example:
Find the derivative of the following:
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 5 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 − 13
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1
Solution/s:
1. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3 ⋅ 2𝑥 2−1 + 𝑥 1−1 = 6𝑥 + 𝑥 0 = 6𝑥 + 1
2. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 + 2 ⋅ 𝑥 1−1 − 2𝑥 2−1 = 2 ⋅ 𝑥 0 − 2𝑥 = 2 ⋅ 1 − 2𝑥 = 2 − 2𝑥
3. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 4𝑥 4−1 − 0 = 4𝑥 3
4. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 3−1 − 9 ⋅ 2𝑥 2−1 + 𝑥 1−1 − 0 = 3𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 + 1

Derivative of a Product
If 𝑓 and 𝑔 are differentiable at 𝑥 and ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) ⋅ 𝑔(𝑥), then ℎ is differentiable at 𝑥 and
ℎ′(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) ⋅ 𝑔′(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) ⋅ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥).

Example:
Differentiate the following:
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = (2𝑥 3 )(𝑥 4 )
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 ⋅ 3𝑥 5
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 7𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1)

Solution/s:
1. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = (2𝑥 3 )(4𝑥 4−1 ) + (2 ⋅ 3𝑥 3−1 )(𝑥 4 )
= (2𝑥 3 )(4𝑥 3 ) + (6𝑥 2 )(𝑥 4 )
= 8𝑥 6 + 6𝑥 6
= 14𝑥 6
2. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 6𝑥(3 ⋅ 5𝑥 5−1 ) + 6𝑥 0 ⋅ 3𝑥 5
= 6𝑥(15𝑥 4 ) + 6(1) ⋅ 3𝑥 5
= 90𝑥 5 + 18𝑥 5
= 108𝑥 5
3. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 7𝑥(2𝑥 2−1 + 0) + (7 ⋅ 1)(𝑥 2 + 1)
= 7𝑥 ⋅ 2𝑥 + (7𝑥 2 + 7)
= 14𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 2 + 7
= 21𝑥 2 + 7

Derivative of a Product
𝑓(𝑥)
If 𝑓 and 𝑔 are differentiable at 𝑥 and if ℎ(𝑥) = with 𝑔(𝑥) ≠ 0, then ℎ is differentiable at 𝑥
𝑔(𝑥)
𝑔(𝑥)⋅𝑓′(𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥)⋅𝑔′ (𝑥)
and ℎ′(𝑥) = [𝑔(𝑥)]2
.

Example:
Differentiate the following:
𝑥+1
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2
𝑥
2𝑥 3 −4
2. 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+3
𝑥−2
3. 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+2

Page |3
Solution/s:
(𝑥 2 ) ⋅ (𝑥 1−1 + 0) − (𝑥 + 1) ⋅ (2𝑥 2−1 )
1. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(𝑥 2 )2
(𝑥 2 ) ⋅ (𝑥 0 ) − (𝑥 + 1) ⋅ (2𝑥)
=
𝑥4
(𝑥 2 ) ⋅ (1) − (𝑥 + 1) ⋅ (2𝑥)
=
𝑥4
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥
=
𝑥4
−𝑥 2 − 2𝑥
=
𝑥4
𝑥(−2𝑥 − 2)
=
𝑥 ⋅ 𝑥3
−2𝑥 − 2
=
𝑥3

′ (𝑥)
(𝑥 + 3) ⋅ (2 ⋅ 3𝑥 3−1 − 0) − (2𝑥 3 − 4) ⋅ (𝑥 1−1 + 0)
2. 𝑓 =
(𝑥 + 3)2
(𝑥 + 3) ⋅ (6𝑥 2 ) − (2𝑥 3 − 4) ⋅ (𝑥 0 )
=
(𝑥 + 3)2
(6𝑥 3 + 18𝑥 2 ) − (2𝑥 3 − 4) ⋅ 1
=
(𝑥 + 3)2
6𝑥 3 + 18𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 3 + 4
=
(𝑥 + 3)2
4𝑥 3 + 18𝑥 2 + 4
=
(𝑥 + 3)2

(𝑥 + 2)(1 − 0) − (𝑥 − 2)(1 + 0)
3. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
(𝑥 + 2)2
(𝑥 + 2)(1) − (𝑥 − 2)(1)
=
(𝑥 + 2)2
𝑥+2−𝑥+2
=
(𝑥 + 2)2
4
=
(𝑥 + 2)2

The Chain Rule

Suppose that 𝑓, 𝑔 and 𝑢 are functions with 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑢(𝑥)) and suppose that 𝑔 and 𝑢 are
differentiable at 𝑥. Then 𝑓 is differentiable at 𝑥 and 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑔′ (𝑢(𝑥)) ⋅ 𝑢′ (𝑥)

Special case of Chain Rule

If 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑢(𝑥)]𝑛 , where 𝑛 is any rational number, and 𝑢 is a differentiable function, then
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑛[𝑢(𝑥)]𝑛−1 (𝑢′ (𝑥)).

Example:
Differentiate the following:
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 3 − 4)5
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = (2𝑥 4 + 𝑥)2
Solution/s:
1. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 5(𝑥 3 − 4)5−1 (3𝑥 2 − 0)
= 5(𝑥 3 − 4)4 (3𝑥 2 )
= 15𝑥 2 (𝑥 3 − 4)4

Page |4
 2. 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2(2𝑥 4 + 𝑥)2−1 (2 ⋅ 4𝑥 4−1 + 1)
= 2(2𝑥 4 + 𝑥)(8𝑥 3 + 1)
= (16𝑥 3 + 2)(2𝑥 4 + 𝑥)
= 32𝑥 7 + 16𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 4 + 2𝑥
= 32𝑥 7 + 20𝑥 4 + 2𝑥

Derivative of Trigonometric Functions

If 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥, then 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = cos 𝑥. 𝑑
(cot 𝑥) = −csc 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
If 𝑓(𝑥) = cos 𝑥, then 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = −sin 𝑥. 𝑑
(sec 𝑥) = sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥
𝑑 𝑑𝑥
(tan 𝑥) = sec 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑
(csc 𝑥) = − csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

Example:
Differentiate the following:
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 sin 𝑥
2. 𝑓(𝑡) = cos 3 𝑡
cos 𝑥
3. 𝑓(𝑥) =
1−sin 𝑥
3
4. 𝑓(𝑡) = (2 − 3cos 𝑡)2
5. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 tan 𝑥
Solution/s:
𝑑𝑦
1. = 𝑥 2 ⋅ cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 ⋅ 2𝑥 = 𝑥 2 cos 𝑥 + 2𝑥 sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
2. = 3(cos 𝑡) 3−1 (− sin 𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
= −3 sin 𝑡 (cos 𝑡)2
= −3 sin 𝑡 cos 2 𝑡

𝑑𝑦 (1 − sin 𝑥)(− sin 𝑥) − (cos 𝑥)(0 − cos 𝑥)

3. =
𝑑𝑥 (1 − sin 𝑥)2
− sin 𝑥 + (sin 𝑥) + (cos 𝑥)(cos 𝑥)
=
(1 − sin 𝑥)2
− sin 𝑥 + sin2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥
=
(1 − sin 𝑥)2
− sin 𝑥 + 1
=
(1 − sin 𝑥)2
1 − sin 𝑥
=
(1 − sin 𝑥)(1 − sin 𝑥)
1
=
1 − sin 𝑥

𝑑𝑦 3 3
4. = (2 − 3 cos 𝑡)2−1 ⋅ (0 − 3(− sin 𝑡))
𝑑𝑡 2
3 1
= (2 − 3 cos 𝑡)2 ⋅ (3 sin 𝑡)
2
9 1
= sin 𝑡 (2 − 3 cos 𝑡)2
2

𝑑𝑦
5. = 𝑥(sec 2 𝑥) + tan 𝑥 ⋅ 1 = 𝑥sec 2 𝑥 + tan 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

Page |5
 Let 𝑢 be a differentiable function of 𝑥. Then
𝑑 𝑑
(sin 𝑢) = (cos 𝑢) ⋅ 𝑢′ (cot 𝑢) = (−csc 2 𝑢) ⋅ 𝑢′
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
(cos 𝑢) = (−sin 𝑢) ⋅ 𝑢′ (sec 𝑢) = (sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢) ⋅ 𝑢′
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
(tan 𝑢) = (sec 2 𝑢) ⋅ 𝑢′ (csc 𝑢) = (− csc 𝑢 cot 𝑢) ⋅ 𝑢′
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Example:
Differentiate the following:
1. 𝑦 = 2 sin 10𝑥 + 3 cos 𝜋𝑥
2. 𝑦 = sin2 3𝑥 cos 4 5𝑥
3. 𝑦 = cos √𝑥
4. 𝑦 = cot 3 2𝑥
Solution/s:
1. 𝑦 ′ = 2 ⋅ cos 10𝑥 ⋅ 10 + 3 ⋅ −sin 𝜋𝑥 ⋅ 𝜋
= 20 cos 10𝑥 − 3𝜋 sin 𝜋𝑥

2. 𝑦 = sin2 3𝑥 ⋅ cos 4 5𝑥 = (sin 3𝑥)2 ⋅ (cos 5𝑥)4

⟹ 𝑦 ′ = (cos 5𝑥)4 ⋅ 2(sin 3𝑥) ⋅ (cos 3𝑥) ⋅ 3 + (sin 3𝑥)2 ⋅ 4(cos 5𝑥)3 ⋅ (− sin 5𝑥) ⋅ 5
⟹ 𝑦 ′ = 6(cos 5𝑥)4 (sin 3𝑥)(cos 3𝑥) − 20(sin 3𝑥)2 (cos 5𝑥)3 (sin 5𝑥)

1
3. 𝑦 = cos √𝑥 = cos 𝑥 2
1 1 1
⟹ 𝑦 ′ = −sin 𝑥 2 ⋅ 𝑥 2−1
2
1 1 1
⟹ 𝑦 ′ = −sin 𝑥 2 ⋅ 𝑥 −2
2
1
⟹ 𝑦 ′ = −sin √𝑥 ⋅
2√𝑥
− sin √𝑥
⟹ 𝑦′ =
2√𝑥

4. 𝑦 = cot 3 2𝑥 = (cot 2𝑥)3

⟹ 𝑦 ′ = 3(cot 2𝑥)2 ⋅ (−csc 2 2𝑥) ⋅ 2
⟹ 𝑦 ′ = −6 cot 2 2𝑥 ⋅ csc 2 2𝑥

PRACTICE EXERCISE:

A. Find the derivative of the following function (using the definition of the derivative).
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 7𝑥 − 2 4. 𝑓(𝑥) = sec 𝑥
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 5. 𝑓(𝑥) = cot 𝑥
𝑥
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 1 6. 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−1

B. Find the derivative of the following function.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 8 − 𝑥 3 𝑥 2 −4
6. 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥 2 +4
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 − 6
7. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 sec 𝑥 − 10 cot 𝑥
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 2)−1
8. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 −4 − 𝑥 2 tan 𝑥
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥√𝑥 2 + 1 9. 𝑓(𝑥) = 5 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + 4 csc 𝑥
3 1
5. 𝑓(𝑥) = ( 3 − ) 10. 𝑓(𝑥) =
sin 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
3−2 cos 𝑥

Page |6
IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION
Examples:
𝑑𝑦
Find or 𝑦′ of the following equations.
𝑑𝑥

1. 𝑦 3 = 𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥 5
2. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 16
3. (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 − (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4
4. cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑦 sin 𝑥

Solutions:
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
1. (𝑦 3 ) = (𝑥𝑦) − (2𝑥 5 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3𝑦 3−1 ⋅ 𝑦 ′ = (𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦(1)) − 2(5𝑥 5−1 )
3𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ = 𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 − 10𝑥 4
3𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ − 𝑥𝑦 ′ = 𝑦 − 10𝑥 4
𝑦 ′ (3𝑦 2 − 𝑥) = 𝑦 − 10𝑥 4
𝒚 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟒
𝒚′ =
𝟑𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙

𝑑 2 𝑑 𝑑
2. (𝑥 ) + (𝑦 2 ) = (16)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 ⋅ 𝑦 ′ = 0
2𝑦 ⋅ 𝑦 ′ = −2𝑥
−2𝑥
𝑦′ =
2𝑦
𝒙
𝒚′ = −
𝒚

3. (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 − (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4
2(𝑥 + 𝑦)(1 + 𝑦 ′ ) − 2(𝑥 − 𝑦)(1 − 𝑦 ′ ) = 4𝑥 3 + 4𝑦 3 𝑦′
(2𝑥 + 2𝑦)(1 + 𝑦 ′ ) − (2𝑥 − 2𝑦)(1 − 𝑦 ′ ) = 4𝑥 3 + 4𝑦 3 𝑦′
2𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 + 2𝑦𝑦′ − (2𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦 + 2𝑦𝑦 ′ ) = 4𝑥 3 + 4𝑦 3 𝑦′
2𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 + 2𝑦𝑦 ′ − 2𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 − 2𝑦𝑦 ′ = 4𝑥 3 + 4𝑦 3 𝑦′
4𝑥𝑦 ′ + 4𝑦 = 4𝑥 3 + 4𝑦 3 𝑦′
4𝑥𝑦 ′ − 4𝑦 3 𝑦 ′ = 4𝑥 3 − 4𝑦
𝑦 ′ (4𝑥 − 4𝑦 3 ) = 4𝑥 3 − 4𝑦
4𝑥 3 − 4𝑦
𝑦′ =
4𝑥 − 4𝑦 3
4(𝑥 3 − 𝑦)
𝑦′ =
4(𝑥 − 𝑦 3 )
𝒙𝟑 − 𝒚
𝒚′ =
𝒙 − 𝒚𝟑

𝑑 𝑑
4. [cos(𝑥 + 𝑦)] = (𝑦 sin 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
−sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) ⋅ (1 + 𝑦 ′ ) = 𝑦 cos 𝑥 + 𝑦′ ⋅ sin 𝑥
−sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) − 𝑦 ′ sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑦 cos 𝑥 + 𝑦′ sin 𝑥
−𝑦 ′ sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) − 𝑦 ′ sin 𝑥 = 𝑦 cos 𝑥 + sin(𝑥 + 𝑦)
𝑦 ′ (− sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) − sin 𝑥) = 𝑦 cos 𝑥 + sin(𝑥 + 𝑦)
−𝒚 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙 + 𝒚)
𝒚′ =
𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒙 + 𝒚) + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙

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