Slides

Section : Operator
Overloading
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The C++ 20 Masterclass : From Fundamentals to Advanced © Daniel Gakwaya
 Operator overloading

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 Operator+ (as member)

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 Return type operator [x] (parameters)

{
//Body
}

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 p1 + p2 p1.operator+(p2)

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 Operator+ (as NON member)

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 Return type operator [x] (parameters)

{
//Body
}

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 p1 + p2 operator+(p1,p2)

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The C++ 20 Masterclass : From Fundamentals to Advanced © Daniel Gakwaya
 Overloading the subscript
operator for reading

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The C++ 20 Masterclass : From Fundamentals to Advanced © Daniel Gakwaya
 int value = scores[5]

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 • The subscript operator is a binary operator
• It is one of the operators that MUST be set up as a member function

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 point1[0] point1.operator[](0)

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The C++ 20 Masterclass : From Fundamentals to Advanced © Daniel Gakwaya
 Overloading the subscript
operator [Read Write]

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The C++ 20 Masterclass : From Fundamentals to Advanced © Daniel Gakwaya
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The C++ 20 Masterclass : From Fundamentals to Advanced © Daniel Gakwaya
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The C++ 20 Masterclass : From Fundamentals to Advanced © Daniel Gakwaya
 Subscript operator for collection
types

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The C++ 20 Masterclass : From Fundamentals to Advanced © Daniel Gakwaya
 Stream insertion operator

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The C++ 20 Masterclass : From Fundamentals to Advanced © Daniel Gakwaya
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The C++ 20 Masterclass : From Fundamentals to Advanced © Daniel Gakwaya
 Operator << as member function

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The C++ 20 Masterclass : From Fundamentals to Advanced © Daniel Gakwaya
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The C++ 20 Masterclass : From Fundamentals to Advanced © Daniel Gakwaya
 Stream extraction operator

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The C++ 20 Masterclass : From Fundamentals to Advanced © Daniel Gakwaya
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 stream

network

stream

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 Arithmetic Operators

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 Just because you can overload an operator doesn’t mean you should

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 Point : Arithmetic Operators

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The C++ 20 Masterclass : From Fundamentals to Advanced © Daniel Gakwaya
 Compound operators - Reusing
Operators

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 Point : Arithmetic Operators

+ can be implemented in terms of +=

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 Custom Type Conversions

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 Set up the transformations you want to support
from your type to other types

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 Conversion :
• From Number to double
• From Number to Point

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 Setting up type conversions

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 Using type conversions

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 Ambiguity on some compilers

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 Implicit Conversions with
Overloaded binary operators

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 When a binary operator is implemented as a member
function, the left operand is never implicitly converted

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 Implicit conversions don’t work for the left operand

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 Overloading the prefix ++
operator

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The C++ 20 Masterclass : From Fundamentals to Advanced © Daniel Gakwaya
 Overloading the prefix ++
operator as non member

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 Unary postfix increment
operator

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 Members

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 Non members

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 Prefix/postfix decrement
operator

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The C++ 20 Masterclass : From Fundamentals to Advanced © Daniel Gakwaya
 Copy assignment operator

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 Copy assignment operator

p1 p2

m_x = m_x
m_y m_y
Int *p_data Int * p_data

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The C++ 20 Masterclass : From Fundamentals to Advanced © Daniel Gakwaya
 If you have no custom copy assignment operator in place, the compiler is
going to generate one for you
The compiler generated one is going to do member wise copy

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 Operator chaining

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 Watch out!

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 Self assignment

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 Why check for self assignment

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 Why check for self assignment

p1 p2

=
Int* data_p Int* data_p

• Release memory in p1
• Allocate new dynamic memory for data_p
• Copy in data from p2
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The C++ 20 Masterclass : From Fundamentals to Advanced © Daniel Gakwaya
 Why check for self assignment

p1 p1

=
Int* data_p Int* data_p

• Release memory in p1
• Allocate new dynamic memory for data_p
• Copy in data from p1
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 Self assignment with copy constructors

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 Copy assignment operator for
other types

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 Custom Type conversions :
A Recap

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 • Type Conversion Operator : Number -> Point
• Constructor taking Number in : Number -> Point
• Copy assignment operator for Number : Number -> Point

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 Type conversion operator

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 Constructor taking in a Number

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 Copy assignment operator for Number

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 Functors

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 Objects of a class that overloads the () operator

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 Operator overloading :
Summary

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 Operator+ as a member

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 Operator+ as a non member

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 Subscript operator

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 Stream insertion operator

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 Stream extraction operator

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 Compound operators and reusing others

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 Custom Type Conversions

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 Implicit conversions with member binary operators

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 Unary Increment operator

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 Copy assignment operator

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 Copy assignment for other types

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 Functors

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 Type conversions

• Constructors
• Custom Type Conversion Operators
• Copy assignment operators for different types

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