Salvacion National High

School Grade Level 11

School
Lesson Geraldine L. Dumaran-
Teacher Learning Area PRE-CALCULUS
Exemplar Libarra
Teaching Dates and 08/05/06/2024
Quarter 1st
Time 3:00-5:00PM

I. OBJECTIVES
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of conic sections and
A. Content Standards systems of nonlinear equations the key concepts of series and mathematical
induction and the Binomial Theorem.
The learner can model situations appropriately and solve problems accurately
using conic sections and systems of nonlinear equations and shall be able to
B. Performance Standards
keenly observe and investigate patterns and formulate appropriate mathematical
statements.
The learners,
C. Learning Competencies 1. Define a parabola.
2. Determine the standard form of equation of a parabola
II. CONTENT PARABOLA
III. LEARNING RESOURCES
Agot M. Pre-Calculus. Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro City
Pre-Calculus. Teacher’s Guide (2016). DepEd-BLR. Sunshine Interlinks Publishing
House, Inc. Quezon City, Philippines.
A. References
Pre-Calculus. Teacher’s Guide (2016). DepEd-BLR. Sunshine Interlinks Publishing
House, Inc. Quezon City, Philippines.
Curriculum Guide
B. Other Learning
Leaning Modules, Activity Sheets, Laptop, and TV
Resources
IV. PROCEDURES
 Write the correct answer of the following questions below.

A. Reviewing the previous

lesson/Presenting the
new lesson
What is the standard form of a quadratic function? ______________________
What is Vertex form of a quadratic function? _________________________
What do you call the graph of quadratic function?
________________________
Recalling these concepts are useful in studying the new lesson as you go
along the parts.
A parabola is one of the conic sections. You have learned from the previous lesson
that it is formed when the plane intersects only one cone to form an unbounded
curve. The same thing with circle, you will learn more about the opening of the
graph, equation in standard form and general form.
Let us discover some important parts of the graph of a parabola.

B. Establishing a purpose
for the lesson

Figure 2.1

C. Presenting Follow-up Activity!

examples/instances of
Study figure 2.1 and fill in the blank to complete the statement.
the new lesson
Knowing that the graph of quadratic function is a parabola, and you
already had the idea on its part. But there are new parts to be introduced
in teaching parabola as one of the conics. A parabola is the set of all points
in a plane equidistant from a fixed point and a fixed line. The fixed point is
called ________ and the fixed line is called the __________.The _______
of the parabola is the midpoint of the perpendicular segment from the
focus to the directrix, while the line that passes through it and the focus is
called the _______________. The line segment through the focus
perpendicular to the axis of symmetry is called the ____________ whose
 length is 4ac.
D. Discussing new Parabola is the set of all points in a plane equidistant from a fixed point
concepts and practicing and a fixed line.
new skills #1 This part presents how to convert general form of a parabola to its
standard form and vice versa. Table 2.1 presents the general and standard
equations of the parabola with vertex at origin and at (h,k).
Table 2.1
General and Standard Equations of the Parabola
Vertex General Form Standard Form
2 2
y + Dx+ F=0 y =4 cx
2
y =−4 cx
(0,0)
2 2
y + Dx+ F=0 x =4 cy
2
x =−4 cy
2
y + Dx+ Ey + F=0 ( y−k )2=4 c (x−h)

(h,k)
( y−k )2=−4 c (x−h)
2
x + Dx+ Ey + F=0 ( x−h )2=4 c( y−k )
( x−h )2=−4 c ( y−k )
Example 2.1Convert the general equation to standard form: y 2 +12 x +2 y +25=0

Solution: y 2 +12 x +2 y +25=0

2
y +2 y=−12 x−25
2
y +2 y+ 1=−12 x−25+1
2
( y +1) =−12 x−24
2
( y +1) =−12( x +2)
Example 2.2 Convert the general equation to standard form: ( y−3)2=7 ( x−8)

Solution: ( y−3)2=7 (x−8)

2
y −6 y + 9=7 x−56
2
y −6 y + 9−7 x +56=0
2
y −7 x−6 y+ 65=0
Consider the point F(0, 2) and the line ℓ having equation y = 2, as shown in
Figure 1.14. What are the distances of A(4, 2) from F and from ℓ? (The latter is
taken as the distance of A from Aℓ, the point on ℓ closest to A). How about the
distances of B(−8, 8) from F and from ℓ (from Bℓ)?

AF = 4 and AAℓ = 4
√
BF= (−8−0) +¿ ¿ and 2
BBℓ = 10

There are other points P such that PF = PPℓ (where Pℓ is the closest point
on line ℓ). The collection of all such points forms a shape called a parabola.
Let F be a given point, and ℓ a given line not containing F. The set of all points
P such that its distances from F and from ℓ are the same, is called a parabola.
The point F is its focus and the line ℓ its directrix.

Figure 1.14 Figure 1.15

Consider a parabola with focus F(0, c) and directrix ℓ having equation y =

c. See Figure 1.26. The focus and directrix are c units above and below,
respectively, the origin. Let P(x, y) be a point on the parabola so PF = PPℓ, where
Pℓ is the point on ℓ closest to P. The point P has to be on the same side of the
directrix as the focus (if P was below, it would be closer to ℓ than it is from F).

PF = PPℓ
√ 2
x +¿ ¿ = y − (−c) = y + c
x2 + y2 − 2cy + c2 = y2 + 2cy + c2
x2 = 4cy
The vertex V is the point midway between the focus and the directrix. This
equation, x2 = 4cy, is then the standard equation of a parabola opening upward
with vertex V (0, 0).
Suppose the focus is F(0,-c) and the directrix is y = c. In this case, a point
P on the resulting parabola would be below the directrix (just like the focus).
Instead of opening upward, it will open downward. Consequently, PF =
√ x 2+( y +c)2 and PPℓ = c− y(you may draw a version of Figure 1.15 for this
case). Computations similar to the one done above will lead to the equation x2 =
−4cy.
We collect here the features of the graph of a parabola with standard
equation
x2 = 4cy or x2 = −4cy, where c > 0.

Figure 1.16 Figure 1.17

(1) vertex : origin V (0, 0)
If the parabola opens upward, the vertex is the
lowest point. If the parabola opens downward,
the vertex is the highest point.
(2) directrix : the line y = −c or y = c
• The directrix is c units below or above the vertex.
(3) focus: F(0, c) or F(0, −c)
• The focus is c units above or below the vertex.
Any point on the parabola has the same
distance from the focus as it has from the
directrix.
(4) axis of symmetry : x = 0 (the y-axis)
This line divides the parabola into two parts
which are mirror images of each other.
Example 2.3. What is the standard equation of the parabola in Figure 1.14?
Solution: From the figure, we deduce that c=2. The equation is thus x 2=8 y
In all four cases below, we assume that c > 0. The vertex is V (h, k), and it
lies between the focus F and the directrix ℓ. The focus F is c units away from the
vertex V, and the directrix is c units away from the vertex. Recall that, for any point
on the parabola, its distance from the focus is the same as its distance from the
directrix.

(x − h) = 4c(y − k) (y − k) = 4c(x − h)
 (x − h) = −4c(y − k)

Note the following observations:

 The equations are in terms of x h and y k: the vertex coordinates are

subtracted from the corresponding variable. Thus, replacing both h and k
with 0 would yield the case where the vertex is the origin. For instance, this
replacement applied to (x h)2 = 4c(y k) (parabola opening upward) would
E. Discussing new
yield x2 = 4cy, the first standard equation we encountered (parabola
concepts and practicing
opening upward, vertex at the origin).
new skills #2
 If the x-part is squared, the parabola is “vertical”; if the y-part is squared,
the parabola is “horizontal.” In a horizontal parabola, the focus is on the left
or right of the vertex, and the directrix is vertical.
 If the coefficient of the linear (non-squared) part is positive, the parabola
opens upward or to the right; if negative, downward or to the left.
Cite more examples.
Let us find out if you really understand the discussed concept by answering these
exercises.

1. Convert the following general form to standard form of a parabola.

a. 4 x 2−24 x−40 y −4=0 c. y 2−6 x +2 y−17=0
F. Developing mastery b. x 2−2 x−6 y +25=0 d. 2 y 2−x−12 y +18=0
2. Convert the following standard form to general form of a parabola.
a. ( y +1)2=−2( x +2) c. ( x−3)2=12( y −4)
b. (x−1)2=8( y−3) 2 −3( x−3)
d. ( y−3) =
2
Determine the vertex, focus, directrix, and axis of symmetry of the parabola with
the given equation. Sketch the parabola, and include these points and lines

a. y2 = 20x
b. 3x2 = −12y

c. . x2 − 6x − 2y + 9 = 0
d. 3y2 + 8x + 24y + 40 = 0

G. Finding practical 4. A parabola has focus F( 11, 8) and directrix x = -17. Find its standard
applications of concepts equation
and skills in daily living 5. Find the equation of a parabola with vertex at the origin whose properties are
given below.
a. length of latus rectum is 10 and parabola opens downward
b. equation of directrix is y=8
c. focus at (0,4)
d. diretcrix is x=7

Let us check your knowledge by filling the blanks with a correct symbols/letter or
terms to complete the statement/s.
1. A parabola is the set of all points in the plane that are equidistant from a fixed
point called the _________ and fixed line called the __________ of the
parabola.

H. Making generalization 2. The graph of the equation x 2=4 cy is a parabola with focus F(__,__) and
about the lesson directrix y=____. So the graph of x 2=12 y is a parabola with focus F(__,__)
and directrix y=_____.
3. The graph of the equation y 2=4 cx is a parabola with focus F(__,__) and
directrix x=_____. So the graph of y 2=12 x is a parabola with focus F(__,__)
and directrix x= ___.
I. Evaluating learning Directions: Choose the best answer. Encircle the letter of your choice.

For numbers 1-4, refer to the equation y 2−2 x +2 y−1=0 , and give what is
being asked.
 1. Standard form
2 2
a. ( y +1 ) =2( x +1) c. ( x +1 ) =2( y +1)
b. ( y−1 )2 =2(x−1) 2
d. ( x−1 ) =2( y−1)
2. Vertex

a. (1,1) c. ( −12 ,−1)

b. (-1,-1) d. ( 12 , 1)
3. Focus

a. (1,1) c. ( −12 ,−1)

b. (-1,-1) d. ( 12 , 1)
4. Directrix
−3
a. x= c. x=−1
2
−3
b. y= d. y=−1
2
5. Axis of symmetry
−3
a. x= c. x=−1
2
−3
b. y= d. y=−1
2
6. Graph
a. Yellow
b. Pink
c. Blue
d. Green

For numbers 7and 8, refer to the given situation.

A satellite dish shaped like a paraboloid, has diameter 2.4 ft and depth 0.9 ft.
7. If the receiver is placed at the focus, how far should the receiver be from
the vertex?
a. 0.4 ft c. 0.9 ft
b. 1.6 ft d. 3.6 ft
8. If the receiver is placed at the focus that was in number 7, how what will be
the equation of the parabola?
a. x 2=0.9 y c. x 2=0.4 y
2
b. x =3.6 y d. x 2=1.6 y

For numbers 9 and 10, refer to the given situation.

The towers supporting the cable of a suspension bridge are 1200 m apart and 170
m above the bridge it supports. Suppose the cable hangs, following the shape of a
parabola, with its lowest point 20 m above the bridge.
9. How high is the cable 120 m away from a tower?
a. 24 miles c. 116m
b. 26 miles d. 103.2 miles
10. How high is the cable 120 m away from the middle of the two towers?
a. 24 miles c. 116m
b. 26 miles d. 103.2 miles
J. Additional activities Read in advance about ellipse.
V. REMARKS
VI. REFLECTION
A. Attendance
B. Index of Proficiency
C. Index of Mastery
D. Most mastered item
E. Least mastered item
F. Observer Name and
Signature
G. Date of Observation
Prepared by: Checked by:

GERALDINE D. LIBARRA PERPETUA L. BACUEL

T-II, Pre-Cal Subject Teacher HT-III, MATH Department