Q2. a) What is the momentum of electrons if its de-Broglie wave length is 2A?
b) The maximum kinetic energy of a photoelectron is 5ev. What is its stopping potential?
Q3. State laws of photoelectric effect.
Q4. Derive an expression for de-Brogile wave length ′𝜆′ of an electron when accelerated through a potential difference of ‘V’ volts.
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q1. Define threshold wavelength and threshold work function.
Q2. A photon and electron have got same de-Broglie wave length. Which has greater total energy? Explain.
Ans1. As per Einstein, an incident photon having energy to ejects electron from a metal having work function ф0 = ℎ𝑣0 and imparts kinetic 1 energy. KE= 𝑚𝑣 2 , to it. 2
According to the law of conservation of energy
1 ℎ𝑣 = ∮0 + 𝑚𝑣 2 (1) 2
If 𝑣 is just equal to threshold frequency 𝑣0 then the free electron ejected from the free surface will not have any kinetic energy 1 i.e. 𝑚𝑣 2 = 0 2
equation (1) can be written as
ℎ𝑣0 = ф0 + 0 or ℎ𝑣0 = ф0 (2)
which is the expression for the work function of the metal.
Substituting the value of eqn (2) in eqn (1),
We get 1 ℎ𝑣 = ℎ𝑣0 + 𝑚𝑣 2 2 1 or 𝑚𝑣 2 = ℎ𝑣 − ℎ𝑣0 2 1 𝑚𝑣 2 = ℎ(𝑣 − 𝑣0 ) (3) 2
1 Equation (3) represents Einstein’s photoelectric equation. This equation shows that kinetic energy, 𝑚𝑣 2 ∝ 𝑣 2
(a) Photoelectric emission takes place from a metal surface, when the frequency of incident light is above its threshold frequency. (b) The photoelectric emission starts as soon as the light is incident on the metal surface. (c) The maximum kinetic energy with which an electron is emitted from a metal surface is independent of the intensity of light and depends upon its frequency. (d) The number of photoelectrons emitted is independent of the frequency of incident light and depends only upon its frequency.
Ans4. Consider that an electron of mass ‘m’ potential difference ‘v’. If ‘E’ is the energy acquired by the particle then
𝐸 = 𝑒𝑉 (1)
If V is the velocity of electron then
1 𝐸 = 𝑚𝑉 2 2 2𝐸 𝑉2 = 𝑚 2𝐸 𝑉= √ 𝑚
Now, de-Broglie wave length of electron is given by
ℎ ℎ 𝜆= = 𝑚𝑣 2𝐸 𝑚√ 𝑚 ℎ 𝜆= (2) √2𝑚𝐸
Using eqn (1) in eqn (2), we get
ℎ 𝜆= √2𝑚𝑒𝑉
Here put 𝑚 = 9.1 × 10−31kg
𝑒 = 1.6 × 10−19 𝑘𝑔 ℎ = 6.62 × 10−34 𝐽 , we get 12.27 𝜆= × 10−10 𝑛 √𝑉 12.27 𝜆= Å √𝑉
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION:
Ans 1. Threshold wave length :
Threshold wavelength is the maximum wavelength of the incident radiations beyond which there is no photoelectric emission.
Threshold work function :
Threshold work function is defined as the minimum energy of the incident radiation at which the photoelectric effect just begins.
