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org (ISSN-2349-5162)

A Comprehensive Paper on Solar Power Generation

for Home
Sunita Kumari
SET, Mody University, Lakshmangarh (Sikar), Rajasthan

ABSTRACT
More and more of the world's energy needs are being met by solar energy. Its significance in decarbonizing the
electrical supply will be significant because it is a renewable source of energy. An economic overview of the solar
industry is presented in this paper. It discusses how the technical aspects of concentrated solar power and
photovoltaic power affect the economic viability of solar energy. The author describes how this sporadic energy
source might be incorporated into a power grid and outline advancements in the solar industry. That’s how solar
power's unique qualities might be taken into account when designing renewable energy assistance schemes to
encourage the development of solar power.

Keywords: - Solar Photovoltaic, Power generation, Electricity etc.

I. INTRODUCTION advancements were made possible by steep

The annual energy needs of all the world's learning curves and economies of scale, but as a
economies are met in less than two hours by the result, there have been enormous costs. When used
amount of sunlight that strikes the planet. Despite for the first time in astronautics in the late 1950s,
the abundance of solar energy, just a small portion solar photovoltaics (PV), which uses
of the world's current energy supply is produced semiconducting materials to convert light into
by turning sunlight into useful energy forms. power, was one of the most expensive electricity-
However, solar energy is increasingly contributing generating technologies. It will be a financially
to the world's energy supply, particularly in the viable energy source for many applications by
area of electricity. The previous ten years have 2020. Concentrated solar power (CSP) is an
seen unprecedented deployment as a result of alternative technical method for producing energy
initiatives to increase energy access, supply from solar radiation. However, according to
security, and combat climate change. According to IRENA 2020, the latter generated less than 3% of
IRENA 2020, the installed capacity of solar power all solar energy used to generate electricity
worldwide increased from 34 GW to 437 GW globally in 2017. After hydro and wind power, PV
between 2010 and 2017. As of Dec 2023, is the third most significant renewable energy
Renewable energy sources, including large source in terms of worldwide capacity. Globally,
hydropower, have a combined installed capacity Asia, Europe, and North America are where solar
of 180.79 GW. The following is the installed energy is most commonly used, with Asia
capacity for Renewables: Wind power: 44.73 GW. experiencing the fastest growth, largely due to
Solar Power: 73.31 GW. Technological China and India Solar PV might surpass all other
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technologies in terms of total installed capacity by PV array

2035, according to the International Energy
Agency's World Energy Outlook (IEA 2019).

II. Technical Characteristics of Solar

Energy
The basic knowledge required to comprehend the
economics of solar energy is provided by a brief
overview of its technical properties.

The main building blocks of solar cells are Fig.1: Flowchart

semiconductor materials such as silicon and
germanium. In these materials, sunlight releases This flowchart gives the basic idea of our project we
charge carriers (electrons) and creates an electric field. have designed a power system by using various
As a source of electricity, this field induces a direct components such as infrared radiations, temperature,
current. This process is known as the photovoltaic solar photovoltaic panel, boost converter, inverter,
effect. Power generation using this effect is possible passive filter and the home where the supply is
not only from direct sunlight, but also from its provided. we have defined the various component for
diffused part, and solar cells generate electricity even each and every component by using component editor.
under cloudy skies. The solar cell is built into the solar We have found the waveform with the help of scope
cell system. The inverter (to convert the direct current and we have found that our home requires 240 volts of
from the solar panel to alternating current), ac supply but from the solar panel we are getting near
transformer, electrical protection device, wiring and about 120-150 volts of dc supply so the conversion of
monitoring device are grouped together as the balance dc supply to ac supply is done here with the help of
of the system "BOS". Some of his BOS also include a various components. We have used the capacitor also
sun tracking system that aligns the panels with the sun between the solar panel and the boost converter so that
to increase yield. The three main types of photovoltaic with the help of capacitor we can avoid the ripple
technology are monocrystalline cells, polycrystalline factor here. Instead of using the inverter here we can
cells, and thin solid-state cells, with his first two also use the transformer also but the only reason for
accounting for over 95% of global module production. using inverter is that the transformer requires more
space and the cost of transformer is very high.
Another figure shows the simulation of all the
III. Description Table components that are taken together from the
component editor and all the components are
S.No. Name of the Element Value
combined together with the help of MATLAB
1. IR Radiation 1500 W/m2 simulation. And the graph for the waveform is given
by using the scope.
2. Temperature 250C
Advantages of the solar power system:
3. Inductor 0.02 H

4. PWM Generator 0.8  Solar energy is a sustainable resource that

Modulation Index everyone can use.
Continuing to use solar power will reduce
5. Pulse Generator 1 fossil fuel consumption. Combustible
amplitude resources are required to manufacture modules
that harvest energy from the sun, but modern
6. Parallel strings for 20
manufacturing processes can reduce net

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greenhouse gas emissions within five years. drops at night. He must supply the load with a
The sun does not have the same expiration date constant power supply of 240 volts 24 hours a day.
as oil, natural gas and coal. But with the solar panel, you get maximum power in
 It has less environmental impact than other the afternoon, but not accurate power during
forms of energy production. The use of solar moving/evening/cloudy days, so you need to increase
energy has a significantly lower environmental the voltage for more purposes. To get that much
impact compared to other sources, including voltage from the solar panel for cloudy or rainy days,
those in the renewable energy spectrum.
a boost converter is connected as the grid and load
 Solar energy makes the world energy may not get exactly the voltage required. Therefore, a
independent. The sun illuminates our planet
boost converter must be connected to handle the load.
every day. The extreme north and south of
After converting to pure AC, you can connect a
Antarctica are the only exceptions to this
transformer to boost the voltage. If you connect a
advantage, but there are times of the year when
sunlight is accessible. transformer, you don't need to connect a boost
converter. The operation is the same, that is, it boosts
IV. Matlab Software
the voltage. Comparing boost converter and
MATLAB is an interactive system whose basic transformer, transformer is very costly and need more
data elements are arrays that do not require space, but in boost converter we use only one inductor
dimensions. This allows many technical and one diode with the help of switch Therefore, the
computational problems, especially those design of a boost converter can be very simple
involving matrix and vector formulations, to be
solved in a fraction of the time it takes to program compared to a transformer. The step-up transformer is
in a scalar, non-interactive language such as C or not connected, but the voltage must be stepped up at
FORTRAN. The name MATLAB stands for the end. The boost converter has a switch and so does
Matrix Laboratory. MATLAB was originally the inverter, so it needs a pulse to turn it on and off.
created to provide easy access to the matrix Therefore, we use the first generation for both the
software developed by the LINPACK and inverter switch and the boost converter switch. These
EISPACK projects, together representing the state
are the necessary elements for photovoltaics and a
of the art in matrix computation software.
MATLAB has evolved over the years with capacitor should be placed between the solar panel
contributions from many users. In university and the boost converter. After running the system, I
settings, it is a standard teaching tool for get 110-120 V DC, but at home I need 240 V, and
introductory and advanced courses in connecting a boost converter provides 240 V DC. In
mathematics, engineering and science. In industry, this project, we designed the system using the infrared
MATLAB is the tool of choice for productive and temperature falling on the photovoltaic panel, and
research, development, and analysis. MATLAB
placed a capacitor between the PV panel and the boost
provides a family of application-specific solutions
called toolboxes. Importantly for most of her converter to avoid the ripple factor. A boost converter
MATLAB users, the toolbox allows her to learn is applied to boost the voltage. Inverters are also
and apply specialized technology. A toolbox is a applied to convert DC form to AC form power.
comprehensive collection of her MATLAB Passive filters like LCR can be applied to get a pure
functions (M-files) that extend the MATLAB form of AC power. A boost converter configuration
environment to solve a specific class of problems. requires an inductor, a diode, and a switch, so I used
Areas where toolboxes are available include signal
an IIGBT diode instead of a switch. After running the
processing, control systems, neural networks,
fuzzy logic, wavelets, and simulation model, three different waveforms are displayed on the
oscilloscope. The first waveform is intended to
V. Power system design and Simulation provide a DC voltage of 120-150 volts, the second
waveform is intended to provide an AC voltage of
The temperature in the atmosphere is not constant and
220-240 volts, but not in pure form. But after applying
varies from morning to evening. Of maximum
temperatures are reached in the afternoon. Power
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a passive filter, we get a pure AC domestic voltage of boost converter that is used to boost up the voltage
240V. and the capacitor is used between solar panel and
boost converter to boost converter to avoid the ripple
factor. There is an inverter used to convert the dc
voltage to ac voltage that is again connected to the
passive filter because we are getting the ac but that is
not pure so passive filer is connected to get the pure
form of ac. And here we are getting the supply for
240Volts for the home.

Fig.2: Power System

The components used in power system are:

(i) Infrared Radiation:- The visible light we see

daily is a small portion of the electromagnetic
spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum
includes all types of radiation, ranging from
the X-rays used at hospitals to radio waves
used for communication.
(ii) Photovoltaic Panel:- Solar PV panels convert the
sun’s energy into electrical energy. Even Fig 3: Waveform for DC voltage
though the primary energy (solar irradiation) is
free, the conversion efficiency of PV panels
plays an important role in their development,
market penetration, and energy share.
(iii) Boost Converter:- A boost converter is one of
the simplest types of mode converters. As the
name suggests, it takes an input voltage and
boosts or increases it.
(iv) Inverter:- A power electronic device or
circulatory that convert direct current into
alternating current.
(v) Passive Filter:- A passive filter placed between a
nonlinear load and a series-connected active line
filter plays an important role in compensating for
harmonics of the load current. With a passive filter
connected, the series connected active power
supply filter acts as a harmonic isolator.

Here there are getting the dc supply near around 120- Fig. 4 : Waveform for the ac voltage
150Volts. But our home requires ac voltage i.e.
240Volts. The power system was connected by the
solar panel on which we are supplying temperature
and infrared radiations and that is connected to the
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These two components are collector and a storage

unit. Solar energy has experienced phenomenal
growth in recent years due to both technological
improvements resulting in cost reductions and
government policies supplies.

VII. Future Scope:

The solar panels used for converting sunlight to

electric power usually have a lifespan of many
years and maintenance is also easier. The future of
solar energy in India looks very bright because of
the number of ways in which solar power can be
Fig 5: Waveform for the pure AC
put to use. Today, we have solar-powered
The above figure shows the transformation of the dc equipment and appliances that can function with
voltage from the solar energy to the pure form of ac the help of solar energy. This includes lights, fans,
voltage. inverters, cables, power conditioning units, home
appliances, solar road safety equipment, and street
VI. Conclusion lights. The electric energy produced from solar
power will be used to run electrical appliances
Solar power is a very important source of direct
without any dependency on the steady supply of
useable energy and creates another energy resources: electricity. Solar power can help reduce electricity
biomass, wind, hydropower and wave energy. Most of consumption and the cost of electricity for
the earth surface receive heat energy from the sun. So, domestic and industrial use. At present, there are
gaining increased attention in recent years. Solar
some best solar projects in India and more are
energy is plentiful it has the greatest availability
coming up.
compared to other energy sources. The amount of 20%
solar energy is supplied in the earth. The sun is
sufficient to power the total energy needs of the earth
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