The document outlines a homework assignment with six problems focused on fluid dynamics and heat transfer. Problems involve deriving equations from the Navier-Stokes equation, analyzing laminar flow, measuring viscosity, and determining temperature profiles in contacting plates. Each problem requires mathematical derivations, boundary conditions, and the application of specific principles in fluid mechanics and thermodynamics.
The document outlines a homework assignment with six problems focused on fluid dynamics and heat transfer. Problems involve deriving equations from the Navier-Stokes equation, analyzing laminar flow, measuring viscosity, and determining temperature profiles in contacting plates. Each problem requires mathematical derivations, boundary conditions, and the application of specific principles in fluid mechanics and thermodynamics.
The document outlines a homework assignment with six problems focused on fluid dynamics and heat transfer. Problems involve deriving equations from the Navier-Stokes equation, analyzing laminar flow, measuring viscosity, and determining temperature profiles in contacting plates. Each problem requires mathematical derivations, boundary conditions, and the application of specific principles in fluid mechanics and thermodynamics.
The document outlines a homework assignment with six problems focused on fluid dynamics and heat transfer. Problems involve deriving equations from the Navier-Stokes equation, analyzing laminar flow, measuring viscosity, and determining temperature profiles in contacting plates. Each problem requires mathematical derivations, boundary conditions, and the application of specific principles in fluid mechanics and thermodynamics.
Problem 1: (BSL Problem 2B.3) A. A Newtonian fluid is in laminar flow in a narrow slit formed by two parallel walls a distance 2𝐵 apart. 𝐵 << 𝑊 so, edge effects may be neglected.
A. Starting from the Navier-Stokes equation, solve for 𝑣! and 𝜏"!
B. what is the ratio of the average velocity to the maximum velocity for this flow? C. Obtain the slit analog of the Hagen-Poiseuille equation. D. Draw a meaningful sketch to show why the above analysis in inapplicable if 𝐵 = 𝑊.
Problem 2: (BSL Problem 2B.6) In a gas absorption experiment a viscous fluid flows upward through a small circular tube and then downward in laminar flow on the outside.
A. Starting from the Navier-Stokes equation (rather than the momentum balance as the picture suggests), solve for the velocity distribution, 𝑣! , of the falling film. B. Obtain an expression for the mass rate of flow in the film. Problem 3: A fluid, whose viscosity is to be measured, is placed in the gap of thickness 𝐵 between two disks of radius, 𝑅. One measures the torque 𝑇! required to turn the upper disk at an angular velocity Ω. Develop the formula for deducing the viscosity from these measurements, assuming creeping flow.
A. Postulate that for small values of Ω, the velocity profiles have the form 𝑣# = 0, 𝑣$ = 0, and 𝑣% = 𝑟𝑓(𝑧). Why does this form seem reasonable? Postulate that 𝒫 = 𝒫(𝑟, 𝑧). Write down the resulting simplified equations of continuity and motion. B. From the 𝜃 component of the equation of motion, obtain a differential equation for 𝑓(𝑧). Solve the equation for 𝑓(𝑧) and evaluate the constants of integration. This leads ultimately to the result ! 𝑣% = Ω𝑟 4&5. C. Show that the desired working equation for deducing the viscosity is µ = 2𝐵𝑇! /𝜋Ω𝑅' .
Problem 4: For two immiscible fluids, A and B, with constant densities, 𝜌( and 𝜌& , and viscosities, 𝜇( and 𝜇& , entering a cylindrical pipe as shown below in the figure, calculate the velocity profile of A and B. A is entering as a cylinder and B is entering as an annulus.
B A B
÷H ¥ .
A. Write your boundary conditions and the governing equations. Solve the equations for velocity, but do not apply the boundary conditions. B. Use Mathematica to solve for the integration constants by writing out the system of equations from applying the boundary conditions to vA and vB, separated by commas, and the Solve function. I.e. sol = Solve[{BC1, BC2, BC3, BC4}, {C1, C2, C3, C4}] C. Plot the flow using the function “Show[Plot[vA /. sol /. var, {r, 0, 𝜅 𝑅}], Plot[vB, {r, 𝜅 𝑅, 𝑅}], PlotRange -> All]”. Where sol is the variable produced by the solve function and var could be defined as: vars = {dPdzA−> 1, dPdzB−> 1, µA−> 2, µB−> 20, 𝜅−> 0.8, 𝑅−> 1}
Problem 5: (Deen Problem 4-1) Suppose that two plates of infinite thickness, initially at different temperatures, are brought into contact at 𝑡 = 0. Plate 1, with thermal properties 𝛼) and 𝑘) , is at 𝑥 < 0 and has initial temperature 𝑇) .; plate 2, with thermal properties 𝛼* and 𝑘* , is at 𝑥 > 0 and has initial temperature 𝑇* . Determine the temperatures in both plates, expressed as Θ = (𝑇 − 𝑇* )/(𝑇) − 𝑇* ). Is the temperature at 𝑥 = 0 constant or does it vary with time? Hint 1: it will be helpful to use similarity ! variables of the form 𝜂+ = 𝑥/[2(𝛼+ 𝑡)" ] and to start with the approximation that the temperature profile is 𝑎) erf(𝜂) ) + 𝑏) in both sides. Hint 2: since we haven’t discussed heat transfer in as much ,- detail, at the interface of the two materials, both the temperatures and the heat fluxes, 𝑘+ ," , must match.
Problem 6: Derive the equations of continuity in spherical coordinates by completing a shell
