mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  73

 `yB nvZ Nl‡j Zvckw³ Drcbœ nq|  DBÛwgj evZv‡mi mvnv‡h¨ P‡j|
 †jvnv‡K wePz¤^K Ki‡j Zvc Drcbœ nq|  Rxeb avi‡Yi Rb¨ kw³i cÖ‡qvRb|
 w¯’wZkw³i Drm w¯’i e¯‘|  Rxek¥ R¡vjvwb †_‡K †mŠikw³ cvIqv hvq|

 k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki-------------------------// hvq A_©vr mg¯Í kw³ w¯’wZkw³‡Z iƒcvšÍi

1. KvR Kivi ........... n‡jv kw³| nq ZLb e¯‘wU Avevi wb‡Pi w`‡K bvg‡Z
2. †Rbv‡iUi g~jZ ........... kw³‡K we`y¨r _v‡K| wb‡P bvgvi mgq H ej ev cv_iL‡Ê
kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡i| mwÂZ w¯’wZkw³ MwZkw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡Z
3. ev‡qvM¨vm Drcbœ Kiv hvq .......... I _v‡K| Gfv‡e ejwU ev cv_i LÊwU hLb gvwU
.......... Dcv`vb †_‡K| ¯úk© K‡i Ges w¯’i nq ZLb Zvi mg¯Í
DËi : 1. mvg_©¨B; 2. hvwš¿K; 3. Dw™ MwZkw³, w¯’wZkw³‡Z, cwiYZ nq| Gfv‡eB
¢¾, cÖvwYR| kw³ GK Ae¯’v †_‡K Ab¨ Ae¯’vq iƒcvšÍwiZ
 mswÿß cÖkœ I DËi---------------------// nq wKš‘ †h‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡qi †gvU
cÖkœ \ 1 \ ¶gZv I kw³i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ kw³i cwigvY AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K| GUvB n‡jv
Kx? kw³i wbZ¨Zv ev msiÿYkxjZv|
DËi : ¶gZv I kw³i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wb‡P cÖkœ \ 3 \ kw³i msKU m„wói KviY¸‡jv
†`Lv‡bv n‡jv : D‡jL Ki|
¶gZv kw³ DËi : kw³i msKU m„wói KviY¸‡jv wb‡P
i. KvR Kivi nvi i. KvR Kivi D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv :
n‡jv ¶gZv| mvg_©¨ n‡jv 1. µgea©gvb RbmsL¨vi Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi
Rb¨ AwaK nv‡i kw³i cÖ‡qvRb n‡”Q|
kw³| 2. †h RvwZ hZ †ewk DbœZ †m RvwZi
ii. †Kv‡bv KvR KZ ii. †Kv‡bv KvR‡K gv_vwcQz kw³ e¨q ZZ †ewk| d‡j
ZvovZvwo Kiv KZ †ewk mgq cÖwZwU †`‡k KL‡bv KL‡bv ewa©Z nv‡i
hvq Zv †evSvq| Kiv hvq Zv kw³ e¨q n‡”Q|
†evSvq| 3. Dbœqbkxj †`kmg~n e¨vcKnv‡i
iii. GKK mg‡q K…Z iii. e¯‘ me©‡gvU `vjvb‡KvVv, iv¯ÍvNvU, KjKviLvbv
Kv‡Ri cwigvc hZLvwb KvR BZ¨vw` wbg©vY Ki‡Q Ges hvbevnb
n‡”Q ÿgZvi Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv e¨envi I i¶Yv‡e¶‡Y AwaK kw³ e¨q Ki‡Q|
cwigvc| n‡”Q e¯‘i kw³i cÖkœ \ 4 \ Abevqb‡hvM¨ kw³i
cwigvc| myweav Kxfv‡e cvIqv hvq?
cÖkœ \ 2 \ kw³i wbZ¨Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| DËi : Abevqb‡hvM¨ kw³i myweav g~jZ
DËi : kw³i wbZ¨Zv ev msiÿYkxjZv `ywU w`K †_‡K we‡ePbv Kiv nq| h_v : `vg
Abymv‡i, kw³i m„wó ev webvk †bB, kw³ I cÖvPzh©| †ewkifvM hš¿cvwZ ev
†Kej GKiƒc †_‡K Aci GK ev GKvwaK iƒ‡c hvbevnb Abevqb‡hvM¨ kw³i mvnv‡h¨ P‡j|
cwiewZ©Z n‡Z cv‡i| gnvwe‡k¦i †gvU kw³i G‡`i bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³i mvnv‡h¨ Pvjv‡Z
cwigvY wbw`©ó I AcwieZ©bxq| A‡bK †ewk LiP jv‡M| †hgb : mvaviY M¨vm
e¨vL¨v : GKwU †Uwbm ej ev GKLÊ cv_i ev †Z‡j Kg Li‡P Gme hvbevnb ev hš¿cvwZ
Dc‡ii w`‡K Qy‡o gvi‡j GKwU wbw`©ó P‡j| Acic‡¶ bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³i Drm †hgb
wiPvR© e¨vUvwi, †mŠikw³ Øviv †Kv‡bv
D”PZvq IVvi ci ejwU ev cv_i LÊwU Avevi
hvbevnb Pvjv‡bv Kómva¨ I e¨qeûj|
wb‡P bvg‡Z _v‡K| G‡ÿ‡Î Dc‡i DV‡Z _vKvi
eZ©gv‡b Avgv‡`i †`‡k wiPvR© Kiv hvq
mgq MwZkw³ Kg‡Z Kg‡Z hLb k~b¨ n‡q Ggb e¨vUvwii mvnv‡h¨ wewfbœ hvbevnb
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  74
Pj‡Q hv †ek e¨qeûj| Ab¨w`‡K BD‡iwbqvg †_‡K A‡bK we`y¨r kw³ cvIqv
Abevqb‡hvM¨ R¡vjvwb m¯Ív| G‡`i Aí hvq|
cwigvY †_‡K †ewk kw³ cvIqv hvq| †hgb, Aí

1. †KvbwU kw³i Abevqb‡hvM¨ Drm? 3. fvi D‡Ëvjb †_‡K fvi wb‡P bvgv‡bv
K evqy L cvwbi †mªvZ M ch©šÍ kw³i iƒcvšÍ‡ii mwVK µg
†mŠikw³  Kqjv †KvbwU?
2. AZxk KLbI KLbI iv‡Z jvBUhy³ PvR©vi K ivmvqwbK kw³ hvwš¿K kw³
d¨v‡bi mvnv‡h¨ cov‡jLv K‡i| G‡¶‡Î †m w¯’wZkw³  hvwš¿Kkw³
e¨envi K‡iÑ  hvwš¿Kkw³  w¯’wZkw³  hvwš¿Kkw³
i. Av‡jvK kw³ ii. we`y¨r  kãkw³
kw³ M w¯’wZkw³  hvwš¿Kkw³  kãkw³ 
iii. ivmvqwbK kw³ Zvckw³
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? N hvwš¿Kkw³  w¯’wZkw³  hvwš¿Kkw³
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii  w¯’wZkw³
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi 4. fvi D‡Ëvj‡Ki Lv`¨ MÖnY I Mvb †kvbvi
DËi `vI : mv‡_ †Kvb kw³ `yBwUi m¤úK©
GKRb e¨vqvgwe` 200 †KwRi fvi D‡Ëvjb K‡ib i‡q‡Q?
Ges fviwU wb‡P bvgvb| Gici wKQz¶Y wekªvg K Zvc I kã L Zvc I we`y¨r
wb‡q Lvevi †L‡Z †L‡Z Mvb ïb‡Z jvM‡jb|  ivmvqwbK I kã N w¯’wZ I Zvc

cvV-1 : KvR, ÿgZv I kw³ ¡ c„ôv 14. kw³i mv‡_ wb‡Pi †Kvb welqwU
m¤úK©hy³? (Abyaveb)
: 65 I 66
K ej L †hvM¨Zv  mvg_©¨ N e¨w³i
 mvaviY enywbe©vPwb IRb
cÖ‡kœvËi 15. Kv‡Ri †ÿ‡Î ej I Ae¯’v‡bi cwieZ©‡bi
m¤úK© Kx? (Abyaveb)
5. kw³i GKK Kx? [†eMgMÄ miKvwi cvBjU D”P
K †hvM  ¸Y M we‡qvM N fvM
we`¨vjq]
K wbDUb  Ryj M IqvU N wgUvi 16. ÿgZvi †ÿ‡Î †gvU KvR I mg‡qi g‡a¨ †Kvb
6. Dc‡ii w`‡K wbwÿß e¯‘i m‡e©v”P m¤úK© we`¨gvb? (cÖ‡qvM)
D”PZvq †eM- [†bvqvLvjx wRjv ¯‹zj] K †hvM L ¸Y  fvM N we‡qvM
K me©vwaK L me©wbgœ  17. Ae¯’v‡bi cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ wb‡Pi
k~b¨ N Amxg †KvbwU m¤úK©hy³? (cÖ‡qvM)
7. Kv‡Ri GKK Kx? [e¸ov miKvwi evwjKv D”P  KvR L kw³ M ÿgZv N ZvcgvÎv
we`¨vjq] 18. ÿgZvi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ wb‡Pi †Kvb
K wbDUb L c¨vm‡Kj M nvR©  Ryj Dw³wU mZ¨? (D”PZi
8. Kv‡Ri mv‡_ KqwU welq m¤úK©hy³? `¶Zv)
[Rvjvjvev` K¨v›Ub‡g›U †evW© nvB¯‹zj, wm‡jU] GKK Ryj
K L †gvU KvR I mg‡qi
K1  2 M 3 N 4 ¸Ydj
9. KvR Kivi mvg_©¨‡K Kx e‡j?
 †gvU KvR I mg‡qi fvMdj N ÿgZv I
(Ávb)
KvR GKB
kw³
 L ÿgZv M Z¡iY N g›`b
10. KvR Kivi Rb¨ †KvbwU cÖ‡qvRb nq? 19. wb‡Pi †Kvb `ywUi GKK Awfbœ?
[Kzwgjøv wRjv ¯‹zj]
(Abyaveb)
fi I kw³ L fi I †eM
K
K ÿgZv  kw³ M we`y¨r N Av‡jv
 KvR I kw³ N KvR I ÿgZv
11. KvR n‡Z n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwUi cÖ‡qvRb?
20. KvR KLb msNwUZ nq?
(Abyaveb)
(D”PZi `ÿZv)
Kkw³ L ÿgZv  ej N we`y¨r
K e¯‘i Dci ej cÖ‡qv‡M L e¯‘i Dci fi Kgv‡j
12. †h Kg mg‡q †ewk KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvi
 e¯‘i Dci ej cÖ‡qv‡M miY NU‡j N e¯‘i Dci
†KvbwU †ewk? (Abyaveb)
kw³ cÖ‡qv‡M
K kw³  ÿgZv M mvg_©¨ N IRb
21. ÿgZv Kx wba©viY K‡i?
13. Kv‡Ri mv‡_ mivmwi m¤úK©hy³ wb‡Pi
(Abyaveb)
†KvbwU? (Abyaveb)
 Kv‡Ri nvi L f‡ii cwigvY M IRb
 kw³ L mvg_©¨ M ÿgZv N ej
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  75
N mgq ivmvqwbK kw³ N Pz¤^Kkw³
31. R¡vjvwb‡Z †Kvb kw³ Rgv _v‡K? (Ávb)
 eûc`x mgvwßm~PK K Zvckw³  ivmvqwbK kw³ M we`y¨rkw³
enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi N Av‡jvK kw³

22. RyjÑ (Abyaveb) 32. †Kvb kw³ Qvov †Kv‡bv wKQz †`Lv m¤
i. kw³i GKK ii. ÿgZv iii. kw³ ¢e bq? (Ávb)
K Zvckw³ L kãkw³ M evqykw³  Av‡jvK
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
kw³
33. Avgiv Mvb ïwb †Kvb kw³i mvnv‡h¨?
23. Kv‡Ri mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³Ñ
(Ávb)
(Abyaveb)
L Av‡jvK kw³ K Zvckw³
 kãkw³
i. ej ii. mgq iii. Ae¯’v‡bi cwieZ©b
N evqykw³
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
34. †Kvb kw³ Qvov cÖvYx ev Dw™¢‡`i
24. ÿgZvi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³Ñ †eu‡P _vKv m¤¢e bq? (Ávb)
(Abyaveb)  Zvckw³ L ivmvqwbK kw³ M

i. kw³ ii. KvR iii. mgq evqykw³ N Pz¤^Kkw³

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 35. Avgiv evwZ R¡vjvB †Kvb kw³i
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I ii mvnv‡h¨? (Abyaveb)
25. `~iZ¡ cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ Ñ K Zvckw³  we`y¨rkw³ M kãkw³N
(Abyaveb) Av‡jvKkw³
i. KvR ii. ÿgZv iii. kw³ 36. cvigvYweK kw³‡K †Kvb kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Kiv hvq? (Abyaveb)
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K Zvckw³  we`y¨rkw³ M Av‡jvK kw³
N Pz¤^Kkw³
 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb 37. Pz¤^‡K †Kvb kw³ _v‡K?
cÖ‡kœvËi (Abyaveb)
wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 26 I 27 bs  Pz¤^Kkw³ L we`y¨rkw³ M kãkw³
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : evqykw³
N
38. c„w_exi mKj kw³i Drm Kx?
(Ávb)
K gvwU L Puv`  m~h© N evZvm
39. e¯‘i Ae¯’v‡bi cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ e¯‘i g‡a¨
mwÂZ kw³ †KvbwU? (Ávb)
26. wP‡Îi †g‡qwU Kx Ki‡Q?
(Abyaveb)  w¯’wZkw³ L †mŠikw³ M Zvckw³
KMvb MvB‡Q L †Lj‡Q M nuvU‡Q  ivmvqwbK kw³
N
†jLvcov Ki‡Q 40. Lv`¨ ev R¡vjvwb‡Z †Kvb kw³ Rgv
27. †g‡qwU Ñ _v‡K? (Ávb)
(D”PZi `ÿZv) K Zvckw³  ivmvqwbK kw³
i. †Kv‡bv kw³ e¨q K‡iwb ii. A‡bK M Pz¤^Kkw³ N evqykw³
KvR Ki‡Q
41. UP© jvBU ev †iwWI‡Z †h e¨vUvwi
iii. ÿgZv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Q
e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡Z †Kvb ai‡bi kw³
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i‡q‡Q? (Ávb)
 i L ii M i I iii N ii I iii
K Zvckw³ L hvwš¿K kw³

cvV-2 I 3 : kw³i iƒc ¡ c„ôv : 66 I M Av‡jv kw³  ivmvqwbK kw³

67 42. c`v‡_©i K¤úb †_‡K †Kvb ai‡bi kw³
Drcbœ nq? (Ávb)
 mvaviY enywbe©vPwb K Pz¤^K  kã M Pz¤^K N Zvc

cÖ‡kœvËi 43. evqykw³ e¨envi K‡i †h evqyKj

evbv‡bv nq Zv †Kvb kw³ Drcbœ Kivi
28. Avgiv †mŠikw³ cvB †Kv_v †_‡K? Kv‡R e¨eüZ nq? (D”PZi `¶Zv)
(Ávb)  hvwš¿K L Py¤^K M we`y¨r N Zvc
K M¨vm L wW‡Rj  m~h© N Puv` 44. †Kvb kw³‡K Zv‡ii gva¨‡g ¯’vbvšÍi Kiv
29. Avgiv Zvc kw³ cvB †Kv_v †_‡K? m¤¢e? (Abyaveb)
(Ávb)  we`y¨rkw³ L Zvckw³ M Av‡jvK
 m~h© L M¨vm M †K‡ivwmb N †c‡Uªvj kw³ N Pz¤^Kkw³
30. c`v‡_©i KwYKv¸‡jv‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i †h 45. †ijMvwo Pvjv‡bv m¤¢e †Kvb kw³i
kw³ cvIqv hvq Zv‡K Kx e‡j? (Ávb) gva¨‡g? (Abyaveb)
K Zvckw³  cvigvYweK kw³ M
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  76
 we`y¨rkw³ L Av‡jvKkw³ M 54. DwjøwLZ kw³¸‡jvi g‡a¨Ñ
†mŠikw³ N Pz¤^Kkw³ i. Zvckw³ cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i Kqjv cywo‡q
ii. †mŠikw³ GK cÖKvi bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³
 eûc`x mgvwßm~PK
iii. hvwš¿Kkw³ n‡jv MwZkw³ I w¯’wZkw³i
enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi mgš^q
46. cvigvYweK kw³- [we`¨vgqx miKvwi evwjKv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
D”P we`¨vjq, gqgbwmsn] K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
i. AZ¨šÍ kw³kvjx ii. KwYKvmg~‡ni
Af¨šÍixY kw³ cvV-4 I 5 : kw³i iƒcvšÍi ¡ c„ôv :
iii. G kw³ mivmwi e¨envi Kiv hvq
67-69
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 i I ii L ii I iii M i I iii N i, ii I iii  mvaviY enywbe©vPwb
47. we`y¨r kw³i e¨enviÑ cÖ‡kœvËi
(Abyaveb)
i. evwZ R¡vjv‡bv ii. cvLv 55. †KvbwUi mvnv‡h¨ Ily‡ai KviLvbvq
†Nviv‡bv RxevYy aŸsm Kiv nq? [†bvqvLvjx wRjv ¯‹zj]
iii. †Uwjwfkb †`Lv K we`y¨r kw³ L ivmvqwbK kw³
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M †PŠ¤^K kw³  k‡ãvËi Zi½
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii 56. †Uwj‡dvb, †iwWIi †cÖiK h‡š¿ kw³i †Kvb
48. kãkw³i D`vniYÑ (Abyaveb) cÖKvi iƒcvšÍi N‡U? (Abyaveb)
i. †Uwj‡dvb ii. †iwWI iii. Nwo K kã  hvwš¿K L kã  Zvc M kã 
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Av‡jv  kã  we`y¨r
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 57. `yB nvZ Nl‡j †Kvb kw³ Drcbœ nq?
49. ivmvqwbK kw³ _v‡KÑ (Abyaveb) (Ávb)
i. Lv`¨ ii. R¡vjvwb‡Z iii. we`y¨rkw³
K L Pz¤^Kkw³  Zvckw³
e¨vUvwi‡Z N Av‡jvKkw³
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 58. euvwk evRv‡j †Kvb kw³ kã kw³‡Z
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii iƒcvšÍwiZ nq? (Ávb)
50. kw³ cÖ‡qvRb nqÑ [dwi`cyi wRjv ¯‹zj] K Zvckw³ L ivmvqwbKkw³ 
i. †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ ii. Rxe‡bi gvb hvwš¿Kkw³ N we`y¨rkw³
Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ 59. †Uwj‡dvb, †iwWI †Kvb kw³‡K †Kvb
iii. wfbœiƒ‡c kw³ cvIqvi Rb¨ kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍi K‡i?
[SvjKvwV miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq]
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
kã‡K Zv‡c
K L Zvc‡K we`y¨‡Z
M kã‡K MwZ‡Z  kã‡K we`y¨‡Z
51. †mŠikw³ n‡jv m~h© †_‡K cÖvßÑ
[miKvwi Rywejx D”P we`¨vjq, 60. cv_‡i cv_i Nl‡j †Kvb kw³ †Kvb kw³‡Z
mybvgMÄ] iƒcvšÍwiZ nq?
i. Zvc kw³ ii. Av‡jvK kw³ iii. kã kw³ [Avj Avwgb GKv‡Wwg ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR,
Puv`cyi]
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii iii I K MwZ  w¯’wZ L MwZ  Zvc

52. Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwbÑ [ewikvj wRjv ¯‹zj]

 hvwš¿K  Zvc I Av‡jvK N MwZ
i. Avgv‡`i kw³i GK weivU Drm ii. G kw³ GK
kã I ivmvqwbK
mg‡q wbt‡kl n‡q hv‡e 61. Zvckw³ hvwš¿Kkw³‡Z iƒcvšÍ‡ii D`vniY
iii. G kw³ bevqb‡hvM¨
†KvbwU? (Abyaveb)
K Bw¯¿ L †VjvMvwo  †ijMvwo
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
N wiKkv
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
62. ev®úxq Bwćb Zvc cÖ‡qv‡M Drcbœ kw³
 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb w`‡q Pvjbv Kiv hvq †KvbwU? (Abyaveb)
cÖ‡kœvËi  †ijMvwo L Kw¤úDUvi M wiKkv N
f¨vb
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 53 I 54 bs 63. Av‡jvK kw³ ivmvqwbK kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍ‡ii
cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : D`vniY †KvbwU? (Abyaveb)
kw³ Qvov †Kv‡bv KvR Kiv m¤¢e bq| †ek K‡qK  d‡UvMÖvwdK KvMR L
cÖKvi kw³i g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv hvwš¿Kkw³, K¨vjKz‡jUi
Zvckw³, Pz¤^Kkw³, Av‡jvK kw³, we`y¨rkw³, M †iwWI N B‡jKUªwbK Nwo
†mŠikw³ BZ¨vw`| [wm‡jU miKvwi cvBjU D”P we`¨vjq] 64. Rvgv Kvco cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z †Kvb Zi½
53. Dc‡ivwjøwLZ kw³¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †KvbwUi e¨envi Kiv nq? (Ávb)
e¨envi me‡P‡q myweavRbK?  k‡ãvËi Zi½ L AwZ‡e¸wb iwk¥
K Av‡jvKkw³  we`y¨rkw³ M M Av‡jvK Zi½ N Mvgv iwk¥i Zi½
Zvckw³ N Pz¤^Kkw³ 65. Kvco Bw¯¿ Kivi mgq kw³i †Kvb ai‡bi
iƒcvšÍi N‡U? (Abyaveb)
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  77
K we`y¨rkw³ Pz¤^Kkw³‡Z L Zvckw³ Pz¤^Kb
we`y¨rkw³‡Z wePz¤^Kb
iii.
 we`y¨rkw³ Zvckw³‡Z N Zvckw³ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
hvwš¿Kkw³‡Z K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
66. Bw¯¿ e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g †Kvb NUbvwU 77. †cvov‡bvi gva¨‡g Zvc I Av‡jvKkw³
N‡U? (Abyaveb) cvIqv m¤¢eÑ (cÖ‡qvM)
K Av‡jvKkw³ hvwš¿Kkw³‡Z L we`y¨r i. M¨vm ii. Kqjv iii. KvV
kw³ Av‡jv‡K kw³‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
M hvwš¿Kkw³ Zvckw³‡Z  Zvckw³
78. hvwš¿Kkw³‡K iƒcvšÍi Kiv m¤¢eÑ
hvwš¿Kkw³‡Z (cÖ‡qvM)
67. Av‡jvK kw³ ivmvqwbK kw³i D`vniY i. Zvckw³‡Z ii. kãkw³‡Z iii.
†KvbwU? (D”PZi `ÿZv) Av‡jvKkw³‡Z
K ˆe`y¨wZK evwZ Mig nq L m~‡h©i wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Av‡jv‡Z Kvco ïKvq K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
 d‡UvMÖvwdK KvM‡R Av‡jvi wµqv N 79. †mŠikw³‡K Zworkw³‡Z iƒcvšÍi K‡i
†mŠiwe`y¨r ˆZwi Kiv nqÑ (cÖ‡qvM)
68. †mŠi kw³‡K Zvc kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍi Kiv hvq i. B‡jKwUªK Nwo ii. Kw¤úDUvi
†KvbwUi mvnv‡h¨? (cÖ‡qvM) iii. K¨vjKz‡jUi
 †mŠiPzwjø L m~h© M Puv` N wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Kqjv K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
69. B‡jKUªwbK Nwo‡Z †Kvb kw³ e¨envi 80. Zvckw³  hvwš¿Kkw³i D`vniY n‡jvÑ
Kiv nq? (Ávb) i. Kvco Bw¯¿ Kiv ii. †ijMvwo Pvjv‡bv
K Zworkw³ L we`y¨rkw³  iii. nv‡Z nvZ Nlv
†mŠikw³ N Av‡jvKkw³ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
70. †Uwj‡dvb †iwWIi †cÖiK h‡š¿ kw³i †Kvb
81. kã‡K hvwš¿K kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡iÑ
cÖKvi iƒcvšÍi N‡U? (Abyaveb) [SvjKvVx miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq]
K kã  hvwš¿K  kã  we`y¨r M Abybv‡`i mgq
i. ii. gvB‡K AvIqvR Kiv
kã  Zvc N kã  Av‡jv nq
71. Lv`¨ ev R¡vjvwb‡Z kw³i wKiƒc iii. Kvc‡oi gqjv cwi®‹vi Kiv nq
cwieZ©b nq? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
[we‡KwRwm miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq, nweMÄ]
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K w¯’wZkw³ L wefekw³ M
82. avZe `ʇK cv_i w`‡q AvNvZ Ki‡j
hvwš¿Kkw³  ivmvqwbKkw³
hvwš¿K kw³Ñ (Abyaveb)
72. †Uwj‡dv‡b Avgiv K_v ïwb GLv‡b kw³i i. Zvckw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq ii.
wKiƒc cwiZ©b nq? ivmvqwbK kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq
[SvjKvwV miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq]
iii. Av‡jvKkw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq
K kãkw³ we`y¨rkw³‡Z 
we`y¨rkw³ kãkw³‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
M kãkw³ ivmvqwbK kw³‡Z N Av‡jvK
kw³ kã kw³‡Z 83. †mŠikw³‡K Zworkw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv
73. †jvnv‡K wePz¤^Kb Ki‡j Kx Drcbœ nq? nqÑ (Abyaveb)
i. c‡KU K¨vjKz‡jU‡i ii. †iwWI‡Z
[PÆMÖvg K‡jwR‡qU ¯‹zj]
iii. B‡jKUªwbK Nwo‡Z
K we`y¨r  Zvc M kã N Av‡jv
74. Kqjv †cvov‡bvi gva¨‡g †Kvb kw³ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
cvIqv m¤¢e? (D”PZi `¶Zv)
 Av‡jvKkw³ L we`y¨rkw³ M
84. †Zvgvi covi N‡i jvBU R¡vjv‡j we`y¨r
†PŠ¤^Kkw³ N kãkw³
kw³ iƒcvšÍwiZ nqÑ (Abyaveb)
i. Zvc ii. kã iii. Av‡jv
75. euvwk evRv‡j kw³i iƒcvšÍi nq Kxfv‡e?
(Abyaveb)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K hvwš¿Kkw³ Zvckw³‡Z 
hvwš¿Kkw³ kãkw³‡Z  Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb
Mhvwš¿Kkw³ ivmvqwbK kw³‡Z N
cÖ‡kœvËi
hvwš¿Kkw³ MwZkw³‡Z
wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 85-87bs
 eûc`x mgvwßm~PK cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
76. †jvnv †_‡K Zvc Drcbœ Kivi cÖwµqvÑ
(Abyaveb)
i. `ªæZ Pz¤^Kb ii. evievi
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  78
85. wP‡Îi e¯‘wUi bvg Kx? K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
(Abyaveb) 97. kw³ m¤úwK©Z m~ÎwUi bvgÑ
K wWm G‡›Ubv L wµ‡K‡Ui (Abyaveb)
†¯‹vi †evW© i. kw³i wbZ¨Zv m~Î ii. kw³i webvwmZv
 †mvjvi c¨v‡bj N †mŠi Pzwjø m~Î
86. wP‡Îi e¯‘wUi Rb¨ †KvbwUi mnvqZv iii. kw³i msiÿYkxjZv m~Î
†bqv nq? (Abyaveb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K Kqjv  m~h© M M¨vm N †c‡Uªvj K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
87. wP‡Î †Kvb kw³i iƒcvšÍi‡K †evSv‡bv 98. GKwU †Uwbm ej‡K Dc‡ii w`‡K Qz‡o
n‡q‡Q? (D”PZi `ÿZv) gvi‡jÑ [we. G. Gd kvnxb K‡jR, PÆMÖvg]
K Zvckw³ L Av‡jvKkw³  i. Dc‡i IVvi mgq Gi MwZkw³ Kg‡Z _v‡K
†mŠikw³ N †PŠ¤^Kkw³ ii. wb‡P bvgvi mgq Gi w¯’wZkw³ Kg‡Z
_v‡K
cvV-6 : kw³i msiÿYkxjZv ¡ iii. †h †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z w¯’wZkw³ I
c„ôv : 69 I 70 MwZkw³i †hvMdj aªæe
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 mvaviY enywbe©vPwb K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
cÖ‡kœvËi
 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb
88. MwZ kw³ †Kvb ai‡bi e¯‘‡Z Drcbœ nq? cÖ‡kœvËi
(Abyaveb)
MwZkxj e¯‘ L w¯’i e¯‘ M mKj e¯‘ wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 99 I 100 bs
N AvYyexÿwYK cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
89. w¯’wZ kw³i Drm Kx? †Kv‡bv GKwU e¯‘‡K 100 Ryj MwZkw³ mnKv‡i
(Abyaveb) Dc‡ii w`‡K wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡jv| Zvi MwZc‡_i GKwU
K ÿz`ªe¯‘ L e„nr e¯‘  w¯’ie¯‘ N MwZkxj we›`y n‡jv A|
e¯‘ [Avjx AvgRv` miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq,
PÆMÖvg]
90. †Uwbm ej Dc‡i DV‡Z _vK‡j Kx N‡U?
99. m‡e©v”P we›`y‡Z e¯‘wUi wefekw³
(Abyaveb)
KZ n‡e?
K MwZkw³ ev‡o  MwZkw³ K‡g
K 50 Ryj  100 Ryj M 140 Ryj N 200 Ryj
M w¯’wZkw³ ev‡o N w¯’wZkw³ K‡g
100. DcwiD³ †ÿ‡ÎÑ
91. Lv‡`¨i g‡a¨ kw³ †Kvb kw³iƒ‡c mwÂZ
i. kw³i AcPq nq
_v‡K? (Ávb)
ii. MwZkw³ Ges w¯’wZkw³i †hvMdj me©`v
K Zvckw³  ivmvqwbKkw³
aªæe _v‡K
M cvigvYweK kw³ N we`y¨rkw³
iii. †gvU kw³ AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K
92. e¯‘i MwZkw³ k~b¨ nIqvi c‡i Kx N‡U?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(D”PZi `ÿZv)
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K w¯’wZkw³ ev‡o L MwZkw³ K‡g
M MwZkw³ ev‡o  w¯’wZkw³i D™¢e
nq
cvV-7, 8 I 9 : bevqb‡hvM¨
93. kw³i ïaygvÎ †KvbwU N‡U? kw³ ¡ c„ôv : 70-72
(Abyaveb)
K m„wó L aŸsm  iƒcvšÍi N AcPq  mvaviY enywbe©vPwb
cÖ‡kœvËi
 eûc`x mgvwßm~PK
101.Ae¯’v cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ e¯‘ †Kvb kw³ jvf
enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K‡i? (Ávb)
94. kw³i cÖKvi‡f`Ñ (Abyaveb) K MwZkw³ L Av‡jvK kw³ M
i. w¯’wZkw³ ii. MwZkw³ iii. †mŠikw³ N we`y¨rkw³
AvYweK kw³ 102. wbDwK¬q kw³ Drcv`‡b †Kvb avZz
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? e¨eüZ nq- (Ávb)
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K †jvnv L iƒcv M †mvbv N
95. kw³i †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨Ñ BD‡iwbqvg
(Abyaveb) 103.e¨vUvwi‡Z †Kvb kw³ mwÂZ _v‡K?
i.aŸsm ii. AcPq iii. iƒcvšÍi [AvBwWqvj ¯‹zj G¨vÛ K‡jR, gwZwSj]
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? KMwZkw³ L ivmvqwbK kw³
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  iii Mhvwš¿K kw³  wefe kw³
96. MwZkw³ I w¯’wZkw³ cwiYZ n‡Z cv‡iÑ 104. wb‡Pi †KvbwU bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³ bq?
(cÖ‡qvM) [AvBwWqvj ¯‹zj A¨vÛ K‡jR, gwZwSj]
kãkw³‡Z ii. Av‡jvKkw³‡Z
i. iii. Zvckw³‡Z Kev‡qvM¨vm L cvwb  cÖvK…
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wZK M¨vm N †Rvqvi-fuvUv
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  79
105. ev‡qvM¨vm, cvwb, (Abyaveb)
evZvm, f‚Pvc Kx ai‡bi kw³? Kqjv
i. ii. evqy iii. †mŠikw³
[gvZ…cxV miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq, Puv`cyi] wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K Abevqb‡hvM¨ L MwZkw³ M K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
w¯’wZkw³  bevqb‡hvM¨ 119. †hme bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³i Drm
106. wb‡Pi †KvbwU AdzišÍ cÖvK…wZK mxwgZÑ (Abyaveb)
kw³? (Abyaveb) i. Av‡jv ii. evqy iii. †mªvZ
K †Zj L Kqjv M M¨vm  evqy wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
107. †Kvb kw³i Drm AvaywbK K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii
mf¨Zvi aviK? 120. bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³Ñ
[miKvwi Rywejx D”P we`¨vjq, mybvgMÄ] [weGGd kvnxb K‡jR, XvKv]
 Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwb L †mŠikw³ M evqyKj i. †mŠikw³ii. evZvm iii. †mªvZ
N kw³ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
108. hv wKQz bevqb Kiv hvq K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
Zv‡K Kx e‡j? (Ávb)
121. †mŠikw³i e¨enviÑ
 bevqb‡hvM¨ L Abevqb‡hvM¨ M
(cÖ‡qvM)
we‡kl e¯‘ N LwbR `ªe¨
i. Uve©vBb †Nviv‡bv ii. Nievwo
109. Avw`g hy‡M gvbyl
Mig Kiv
†KvbwU‡K fq †cZ? (Abyaveb)
iii. gvQ ïuUwK Kiv
K mvc L evN M we`y¨r  evqy
110. †Rvqvi fvUvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
†KvbwU? (Abyaveb) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii

K m~h©  Puv` M bÿÎ N 122. ev‡qvM¨v‡mi cÖ¯‘wZi

evqycÖevn DcKiYÑ (cÖ‡qvM)
111. †Rvqvi fvUvi kw³ Kv‡R i. eR©¨ ii. km¨
jvwM‡q †Kvb kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍ‡ii c_ P‡j‡Q? iii. cwiZ¨³ Dw™¢`
(Abyaveb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K Av‡jvKkw³  Zworkw³ M Zvckw³ K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
N kãkw³
 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb
112. ev‡qvM¨vm, †mŠikw³, cvwb,
evZvm, †Rvqvi, fvUv, f‚Pvc Kx ai‡bi cÖ‡kœvËi
kw³? [†dbx miKvwi cvBjU D”P we`¨vjq; wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 123 I 124bs
wSbvB`n miKvwi D”P we`¨vjq] cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
K MwZkw³ L Abevqb‡hvM¨ kw³ kw³i wb‡gœv³ Drmmg~n we‡ePbv Ki :
 bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³ N w¯’wZkw³ ev‡qvM¨vm, evqy, †mŠikw³, Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwb|
113. Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwb †Kvb kw³i [PÆMÖvg K‡jwR‡qU ¯‹zj]
mwÂZ iƒc? (Abyaveb) 123. DwjøwLZ Drmg~‡ni g‡a¨ †KvbwU
K we`y¨rkw³ L †PŠ¤^K kw³ M
`ªæZ dzwi‡q hvIqvi m¤¢vebv me‡P‡q
Zvckw³  †mŠikw³ †ewk?
114. wb‡Pi †KvbwU bevqb‡hvM¨ K cÖ_gwU L wØZxqwU M Z…
kw³i Drm? (Ávb)
ZxqwU  PZz_©wU
 ev‡qvM¨vm L Kqjv M †ZjN
cÖvK…wZK M¨vm 124. kw³i Drmmg~‡ni g‡a¨Ñ
i. cÖ_gwU MÖvgv‡j eûj e¨envi‡hvM¨
115. Nievwo Mig ivLvi Kv‡R
e¨envi Kiv nq †KvbwU? (cÖ‡qvM) ii. wØZxqwU †_‡K we`y¨r Drcvw`Z n‡”Q
K Kqjv L cÖvK…wZK M¨vm M we`y¨r iii. Z…ZxqwU PZz_©wU‡Z mwÂZ
kw³  †mŠikw³ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
116. DBÛwgj wK‡mi mvnv‡h¨ K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
P‡j? [weGGd kvnxb K‡jR, PÆMÖvg]
 evZvm L kã M we`y¨r N MwZ cvV-10 : Abevqb‡hvM¨ kw³ ¡
117. †Kvb mgq bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³ c„ôv : 72 I 73
e¨envi Kiv AmyweavRbK? (cÖ‡qvM)
K Mi‡gi w`‡b L cÖLi  mvaviY enywbe©vPwb
Mi‡gi w`‡b cÖ‡kœvËi
M kx‡Zi w`‡b  e„wói 125. †KvbwU kw³i
w`‡b Abevqb‡hv‡M¨i Drm? [Lyjbv miKvwi evwjKv
D”P we`¨vjq]
 eûc`x mgvwßm~PK Kevqy  Kqjv M †mŠikw³ N cvwbi
enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi †mªvZ
118. AdzišÍ kw³i DrmÑ 126. Abevqb‡hvM¨ R¡vjvwbi `vg
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  80
†Kgb? (Abyaveb) iii.Aí cwigvY †_‡K †ewk kw³ cvIqv hvq
m¯Ív L †ewk M mvaviY N LyeB wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
†ewk K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
127. Aí cwigvY †_‡K †ewk kw³
 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb
cvIqv hvq †Kvb kw³‡Z? (Abyaveb)
cÖ‡kœvËi
K †mŠikw³ L we`y¨rkw³
M bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³  Abevqb‡hvM¨ kw³ wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 138-140 bs
128. †KvbwU †_‡K we`y¨r kw³ cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
cvIqv hvq? (Abyaveb) †mwjbv †eMg cyivb XvKvq emevm K‡ib| kx‡Zi
K †Mvì L wmjfvi M A¨vjywgwbqvg 
GK mKv‡j wZwb ivbœv N‡ii Pzjv R¡vjv‡Z
BD‡iwbqvg wM‡q †`‡Lb Pzjv R¡j‡Q bv|
129. wb‡Pi †KvbwU 138. †mwjbv †eMg R¡vjvwbi Rb¨ Kx
e¨envi K‡ib? (Abyaveb)
Abevqb‡hvM¨ kw³i Drm?
K ev‡qvM¨vm  cÖvK…wZK M¨vm
[we†KwRwm miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq, nweMÄ]
M Kqjv N we`y¨r
K evqy L †mŠikw³ M cvwbi †RvqvifvUv 
wbDwK¬qkw³ 139. †mwjbv †eMg R¡vjvwbi Rb¨ †hwU
130. wbDwK¬q kw³i D`vniY e¨envi Ki‡Qb Zv Kx ai‡bi kw³? (cÖ‡qvM)
K ivmvqwbK kw³ L A‰Re kw³
†KvbwU? (Abyaveb)
M bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³  Abevqb‡hvM¨ kw³
K Kqjv L †Zj  BD‡iwbqvg
140. †mwjbv †eM‡gi Pzjv bv aivi KviY
N cÖvK…wZK M¨vm
†KvbwU? (D”PZi `¶Zv)
131. wb‡Pi †KvbwU wbt‡kl n‡q i. we`y¨r bv _vKv ii. M¨vm bv _vKv
hvq? (Abyaveb) iii. Av‡jv bv _vKv
K cvwb L ev‡qvM¨vm  cÖvK… wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wZK M¨vm N †mŠikw³ K i  ii M iii N i, ii I iii
132. wb‡Pi †KvbwU `ªæZ dzwi‡q
hvq? (Abyaveb) cvV-11 : kw³i e¨envi I msKU
K bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³ L ev‡qvM¨vm ¡ c„ôv : 73
M evZvm  Abevqb‡hvM¨ kw³
 mvaviY enywbe©vPwb
 eûc`x mgvwßm~PK
cÖ‡kœvËi
enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
141. Rxeb avi‡Yi Rb¨ †KvbwUi cÖ‡qvRb?
133. Abevqb‡hvM¨ kw³i D`vniYÑ
(Abyaveb)
(Abyaveb)
KvR
K  kw³ M ÿgZv N e„wó
i. Kqjv ii. †Zj iii. †Rvqvi-fvUv
142. Dbœqbg~jK Kg©Kv‡Êi Rb¨ †KvbwUi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
cÖ‡qvRb nq? (Ávb)
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K Av‡jv L evZvm  kw³ N ÿgZv
134. †mŠikw³ e¨enviÑ
143. kw³i msK‡Ui Ab¨Zg cÖavb KviY
(Abyaveb)
†KvbwU? [gvBj‡÷vb K‡jR, XvKv]
i. Kómva¨ ii. e¨qeûj iii. cwi‡ekevÜe
 µgea©gvb RbmsL¨v L AvaywbK
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
mf¨Zv
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
M †Møvevj Iqvwg©s N cÖvK…wZK
135. wiPvR© Kiv e¨vUvwi‡Z
`y‡h©vM
hvbevnb Pvjbv KivÑ (cÖ‡qvM)
144. gvbyl wejvmeûj evwoNi wbg©vY K‡i
i. Kómva¨ ii. e¨qeûj iii. ÿwZKi
†Kb? (Abyaveb)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K mvaviY Rxebhvc‡bi Rb¨ L †gŠwjK
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨
136. hvbevn‡b Abevqb‡hvM¨
M AbybœZ Rxebhvc‡bi Rb¨  DbœZ
R¡vjvwb e¨env‡ii AmyweavÑ (D”PZi
`¶Zv) Rxebhvc‡bi Rb¨
i. A‡bK †ewk LiP nq
 eûc`x mgvwßm~PK
ii. kw³i msKU ˆZwi n‡Z cv‡i
enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
iii. BwÄb Lye mn‡RB DËß n‡q c‡o
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 145. AwaK kw³ e¨q Kiv nqÑ
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii (Abyaveb)
137. Abevqb †hvM¨ R¡vjvwbi i. e¨emv-evwY‡R¨ ii. KvRK‡g© iii.
ˆewkó¨Ñ †hvMv‡hv‡M
[Avj Avwgb GKv‡Wwg ¯‹zj A¨vÛ K‡jR, wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Puv`cyi] K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
i. G R¡vjvwb m¯Ív ii. cwi‡ekevÜe 146. Dbœqbkxj †`‡k ˆZwi n‡”QÑ
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  81
(Abyaveb) Kwe`y¨r L B›Uvi‡bU  ev‡qvM¨vm N
i. iv¯ÍvNvU ii. wejvmeûj evwo †PŠ¤^Kkw³
iii. KjKviLvbv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  eûc`x mgvwßm~PK
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
147. AwaK nv‡i e¨eüZ n‡”QÑ 156. G hveZ cÖvß
(Abyaveb) cÖvK…wZK kw³Ñ (Abyaveb)
i. nvZNwo ii. Kw¤úDUvi iii. wfwmAvi i. †Zj ii. we`y¨r iii. Kqjv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
157. kw³i DrmÑ
 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb
(Abyaveb)
cÖ‡kœvËi i.†mŠikw³ ii. mgy`ª‡mªvZ iii. B‡Ui
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 148 I 149 bs fvUv
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Bfvb fzUv‡bi Awaevmx| GwU GKwU  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
Dbœqbkxj †`k| G‡`‡ki gvbyl DbœZ 158. ev‡qvM¨v‡mi
Rxebhvc‡bi Rb¨ AvaywbK weÁvb I cÖhyw³ e¨enviÑ (cÖ‡qvM)
e¨env‡ii Rb¨ cÖPzi A_© I kw³ e¨q K‡i _v‡K| i. Mvwo Pvjv‡bv ii. GqviKwÛkb
148. Bfv‡bi †`‡k Kx ˆZwi n‡”Q? Pvjv‡bv
(D”PZi `ÿZv) iii. †Uwjwfkb Pvjv‡bv
Kkw³i cÖvPzh© kw³i msKU wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M kw³i mxgve×Zv N kw³i Pvwn`v  iii L i I ii M i I iii N ii I iii
149. Bfv‡bi †`‡ki RbMYÑ 159. ev‡qvM¨vm
(D”PZi `ÿZv) cÖhyw³i †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvRbÑ (D”PZi `¶Zv)
i. weKí kw³i mÜvb Ki‡Q ii. wejvmeûj i. Aej¤^b ii. m¤úÖmviY iii. msiÿY
evwoNi wbg©vY K‡i wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
iii. e¨vcK nv‡i iv¯ÍvNvU I KjKviLvbv e¨envi K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K‡i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii cÖ‡kœvËi
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 160 I 161 bs
cvV-12 : kw³i weKí Dr‡mi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
mÜv‡b ¡ c„ôv : 73 I 74 wgw_jv‡`i evwo MÖv‡g| we`y¨r bv _vKvq Zviv
kw³i Drm wn‡m‡e ev‡qvM¨vm I †mŠi †Kvl
 mvaviY enywbe©vPwb e¨envi K‡i|
cÖ‡kœvËi 160. wgw_jv‡`i e¨eüZ kw³i Drm †Kvb
150. we`y¨r Kx ai‡bi kw³? ai‡bi? (cÖ‡qvM)
(Ávb)  bevqb‡hvM¨ L Abevqb‡hvM¨
M cPbkxj N Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwb
K ivmvqwbKkw³ L ˆRekw³
 cÖvK…wZKkw³ N K…wÎgkw³ 161. wgw_jv‡`i e¨eüZ kw³Ñ
151. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cPbkxj c`v_©? (D”PZi `ÿZv)
(Abyaveb) i. cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ iÿv K‡i ii. Rwgi
K Kqjv L cÖvK…wZK M¨vm  †Mvei De©iZv msiÿY K‡i
N we`y¨r iii. ebR m¤ú‡`i Dci Pvc Kgvq
152. ivbœvi Kv‡R †KvbwUi e¨envi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
me©vwaK? (cÖ‡qvM) K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii

K cÖvK…wZK M¨vm L Kqjv  KvV N

LoKzUv cvV-13 : Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b kw³i
153. weÁvbxiv bZzb K‡i †Kvb cÖhyw³ D™ cÖfve I Gi mvkªqx e¨envi ¡
¢veb K‡i‡Q? (Abyaveb) c„ôv : 74
K cÖvK…wZK M¨vm L we`y¨r
 ev‡qvM¨vm N Kqjv  mvaviY enywbe©vPwb
154. †Kvb kw³‡K weÁvbxiv AvswkKfv‡e cÖ‡kœvËi
Kv‡R jvMv‡Z mg_© n‡q‡Qb? (Abyaveb)
162. wb‡Pi †KvbwU kw³i AcPq
K we`y¨r kw³ L Av‡jvK kw³ 
†iv‡a mnvqK?
†mŠikw³ N kã kw³ [gvZ…cxV miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq, Puv`cyi]
155. †Kvb cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g K kw³‡K e¨w³MZ m¤ú` wnmv‡e we‡ePbv
ebRm¤ú` euvPv‡bv m¤¢e? (D”PZi `¶Zv) Kiv
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  82
Lcyi‡bv hš¿cvwZ `xN©w`b e¨envi Kiv 168. Zvckw³ e¨eüZ nq
M Mvwo Pvjbvi mgq me©`v BwÄb Pvjæ [miKvwi AMÖMvgx evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq I K‡jR,
ivLv wm‡jU]
 hš¿cvwZ I hvbevnb wbw`©ó weiwZ‡Z i. ivbœv Ki‡Z ii. †gvUi Mvwo
iÿYv‡eÿY Pvjv‡Z
163. kw³i AcPq †iv‡a †KvbwU Avek¨K? iii. mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡Z
[ei¸bv wRjv ¯‹zj] wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K wUwf bv †`Lv L Mvb †kvbv  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 AvZ¥m‡PZbZv e„w× N BwÄb Pvjy bv
Kiv  Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb
164. Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwb cÖ‡kœvËi
†Kvb kw³ †_‡K cvIqv hvq? (Abyaveb) wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 169 I 170 bs
K Zvckw³ L kãkw³ M Av‡jvKkw³  cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
†mŠikw³ kw³ AcP‡qi wb‡gœv³ KviY¸‡jv D‡jøL Ki|
165. wb‡Pi †KvbwU ˆe`y¨wZK hš¿ bq? 1. A‡b‡K kw³‡K e¨w³MZ m¤ú` g‡b K‡i AcPq
(Abyaveb) K‡i|
K †iwWI L gy‡Vv‡dvb  2. AwZ cyi‡bv hš¿cvwZ I hvbevnb e¨env‡i
†`qvkjvB N wd«R kw³i AcPq N‡U|
169. cÖ_‡gv³ Kvi‡Y kw³i AcPq †Kv_vq
 eûc`x mgvwßm~PK N‡U? (cÖ‡qvM)
enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi K ˆe`y¨wZK wMÖ‡W  DcMÖ‡n
M we`¨vj‡q N †iveU PvwjZ
166. ˆe`y¨wZK hš¿ Ñ
(Abyaveb) †Wªv‡b
i. †iwWI ii. evwZ iii. GqviKwÛkbvi 170. kw³i AcPq †iva Ki‡Z n‡j
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (D”PZi `ÿZv)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii i. MY m‡PZbZv evov‡Z n‡e
167. kw³i AcPq N‡UÑ ii. ˆe`y¨wZK hš¿cvwZi ÎæwUi msL¨v
(D”PZi `¶Zv) Kwg‡q Avb‡Z n‡e
i. cÖ‡qvR‡b e¨envi Ki‡j ii. AcÖ‡qvR‡b
iii. mK‡ji gv_vwcQz Avq evov‡Z n‡e
e¨envi Ki‡j
iii. e¨env‡ii ci myBP eÜ bv Ki‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  i I ii L i I iii
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

cÖkœ-1 î wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges GKevi e¨envi Kiv n‡j Zv †_‡K cybivq
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : kw³ Drcbœ Kiv hvq bv|
Avw`‡ei MÖv‡gi evwo b‡evËgcy‡i GLb cÖvK…wZK M¨vm n‡jv g~jZ cÖvK…
ch©šÍ we`y¨r †cuŠQvqwb| ZvB wZK m¤ú` hv cybivq Drcbœ Kiv hvq
Mªvgevmxi A‡b‡KB †mŠiwe`y¨r e¨envi bv| G Kvi‡Y cÖvK…wZK M¨vm
K‡ib| Avevi MZ C‡`i QzwU‡Z gvgvi mv‡_ Abevqb‡hvM¨ kw³|
†m KvßvB †eov‡Z wM‡q †`‡L cvwb †_‡KI M. Avw`‡ei †`Lv KvßvB‡qi cvwbwe`y¨r
we`y¨r Drcv`b Kiv n‡”Q| †K›`ª n‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q eo
K. kw³i cÖavb Drm Kx? Rjwe`y¨r †K›`ª|
L. cÖvK…wZK M¨vm Abevqb‡hvM¨ cÖevwnZ cvwbi †mªvZ‡K e¨envi K‡i
kw³ †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| we`y¨r Drcv`b cÖwµqvwU A‡bK mnR|
M. Avw`‡ei †`Lv KvßvB‡qi cvwb‡K euva w`‡q AvUKv‡j Gi D”PZv
cvwbwe`y¨r Drcv`‡bi †KŠkj e„w× cvq| cvwbi Z‡ji D”PZv e„w× ev
e¨vL¨v Ki| Gi MfxiZv e„w×i d‡j Gi g‡a¨ AwaK
N. Avw`‡ei MÖv‡g e¨eüZ DÏxc‡K wefe kw³ Rgv nq| †Kv‡bv cvnv‡oi
DwjøwLZ kw³i Dc‡hvwMZv DcZ¨Kvi wb‡Pi cÖv‡šÍ euva w`‡q GB
Av‡jvPbv Ki| KvRwU Kiv n‡q _v‡K| b`x †_‡K Avmv
 1bs cª‡kœi DËi  cvwbi cÖevn euv‡a evav †c‡q Rgv n‡Z
_v‡K| G‡Z euv‡ai †cQ‡b K…wÎg n«‡`i
K. kw³i cÖavb Drm n‡jv m~h©| m„wó nq| n«` cvwb‡Z c~Y© n‡q †M‡j
L. Abevqb‡hvM¨ kw³ gv‡bB n‡jv †h kw³ n«` †_‡K cvwb GKwU †gvUv b‡ji †fZi
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  83
w`‡q wb‡P Aew¯’Z GKwU Zwor Drcv`b N. kw³ msi¶‡Y iv‡k` mv‡n‡ei
†K‡›`ª cÖevwnZ Kiv nq| cvwb cZ‡bi Kvh©µ‡gi ¸i“Z¡ we‡klY Ki|
mgq Gi wefe kw³ MwZkw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ  2bs cª‡kœi DËi 
nq| G MwZkw³ GKwU Uve©vBb‡K
†Nvivq| Uve©vBb n‡jv †eøWhy³ GKwU K. ÿgZv n‡jv †Kv‡bv e¯‘ ev e¨w³i KvR Kivi
PvKv| Uve©vBbwU GKwU Zwor nvi|
†Rbv‡iU‡ii mv‡_ mivmwi hy³ _v‡K| GB L. e¨envwiK myweavi Rb¨ kw³i iƒcvšÍ‡ii
†Rbv‡iU‡i Zwor Drcbœ nq| Drcbœ cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Av‡Q| †hgb, Mig
Zwor wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Zv‡ii gva¨‡g Bw¯¿ w`‡q Rvgv Kvco Bw¯¿ Kiv nq|
cvVv‡bv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î Zvc kw³ hvwš¿K kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ
GUvB n‡jv Avw`‡ei †`Lv KvßvB‡qi nq| ˆe`y¨wZK Bw¯¿‡Z we`y¨r Pvjbv
cvwbwe`y¨r Drcv`‡bi †KŠkj| Ki‡j Zvc Drcbœ nq G‡ÿ‡Î we`y¨r kw³
N. Avw`‡ei MÖv‡g e¨eüZ DÏxc‡K Zvckw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| Abyiƒcfv‡e
DwjøwLZ kw³ n‡jv †mŠikw³ hvi Av‡jvK kw³, kãkw³, †PŠ¤^K kw³,
Dc‡hvwMZv AZ¨šÍ djcÖm~ I Kvh©Ki| ivmvqwbK kw³, cvigvYweK kw³
Av`x‡ei MÖv‡gi evwo b‡evËgcy‡i e¨env‡ii myweavi Rb¨ wewfbœ kw³‡Z
we`y¨r †cuŠQvqwb e‡j MÖvgevmx‡`i iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| ZvB kw³ iƒcvšÍ‡ii
ˆ`bw›`b KvR Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖ‡qvRbxqZv A‡bK|
we`y¨r, Zvc, Av‡jvK BZ¨vw` kw³ M. DÏxc‡K Drcbœ M¨vmwU n‡”Q
NvUwZ i‡q‡Q| ZvB Zv‡`i A‡b‡KB ev‡qvM¨vm hv bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³i Drm|
†mŠiwe`y¨r e¨envi K‡ib hv Zv‡`i kw³i nuvm-gyiwM I Mi“-QvM‡ji Lvgv‡ii
cÖ‡qvRb I Pvwn`v †gUvq| weôv AveR©bv †_‡K ev‡qvM¨vm
†mŠikw³i Drm n‡jv m~h©| m~‡h©i Drcbœ Kiv hvq| Avgiv Rvwb, †h kw³i
Av‡jv‡K †mvjvi c¨v‡b‡ji gva¨‡g Drm‡K evi evi e¨envi Kiv hvq ZvB
ˆe`y¨wZK kw³‡Z cwiYZ Kiv nq hv bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³| †h‡nZz DÏxc‡Ki
Av`x‡ei MÖvgevmxiv K‡ib| wewfbœ M¨vmwU n‡jv ev‡qvM¨vm, hv cÖvYxi
B‡jKUªwbK hš¿cvwZ †hgb c‡KU weôv †_‡K evi evi Drcbœ I e¨envi Kiv
K¨vjKz‡jUi, †iwWI, B‡jKUªwbK Nwo hvq| ZvB D³ M¨vmwU bevqb‡hvM¨
cÖf…wZ‡Z †mŠi kw³‡K Zwor kw³‡Z kw³i Drm|
iƒcvšÍi Kiv hvq| GQvovI G we`y¨r Kv‡R
jvwM‡q †iwWI, wUwf, ˆe`y¨wZK evwZ N. c„w_exi kw³i fvÊv‡i kw³ AdzišÍ bq,
I cvLv Pvjv‡bv, ivbœvevbœv Kiv mxwgZ| kw³i Pvwn`v w`b w`b hZ
BZ¨vw` KvRI wbwe©‡Nœ Kiv hvq| evo‡Q, kw³i msKU ZZ Nbxf‚Z n‡”Q|
AZGe, †`Lv hv‡”Q †h Avw`‡ei MÖv‡g AvaywbK mf¨Zvi †giæ`Ê n‡”Q
e¨eüZ kw³wU LyeB Dc‡hvMx| Gi eZ©gvb kw³i Drm Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwb
e¨envi I djvdj h‡_ó Kvh©Ki I djcÖm~| A_©vr Kqjv, LwbR †Zj, cÖvK…wZK
M¨vm BZ¨vw`| wKš‘ G¸‡jv
cÖkœ-2 î wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges Abevqb‡hvM¨ kw³i Drm| ZvB Avgv‡`i
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : kw³ msiÿ‡Yi w`‡K g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e|
iv‡k` mv‡ne B`vwbs Zvi nuvm-gyiwM I Gw`K †_‡K iv‡k` mv‡n‡ei Kvh©µg
Mi“i Lvgv‡ii weôv AveR©bv †_‡K we‡kl A‡bK ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| KviY kw³i Drm
cÖwµqvq GK ai‡bi M¨vm Drcbœ Ki‡Qb| wn‡m‡e wZwb bevqb‡hvM¨ Drm
G‡Z Lvgv‡ii wewfbœ Kv‡R kw³ I M¨v‡mi e¨envi K‡ib| wZwb Miæi Lvgv‡ii weôv
Pvwn`v wgwU‡q AwZwi³ M¨vm wewµ †_‡K †h ev‡qvM¨vm e¨envi K‡ib Zv
Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb| cwi‡ek evÜe| Gi Drm mxwgZ bq|
K. ¶gZv Kx? wZwb G M¨vm e¨envi I wewµ Kivi d‡j
L. kw³ iƒcvšÍ‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv eY©bv Kqjv, LwbR †Zj, cÖvK…wZK M¨v‡mi Ici
Ki| Pvc K‡g d‡j Gme Abevqb‡hvM¨ kw³i
M. DÏxc‡K Drcbœ M¨vm †Kvb ai‡bi Drm msiwÿZ _v‡K|
kw³i Drm e¨vL¨v Ki| AZGe, ejv hvq kw³ msiÿ‡Y iv‡k`
mv‡n‡ei Kvh©µ‡gi ¸iæZ¡ A‡bK|
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  84
cÖkœ-3 î wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges mgq = 6 wgwbU = 6
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :  60 †m‡KÛ
`yB eÜz gvwbK I gwbi nuvUwQj, Ggb mgq = 360 †m‡KÛ
Zviv iv¯Ívq `ywU e¯‘‡K miv‡bvi †Póv KiwQj| `~iZ¡ = 28
gvwbK 500 wbDUb IR‡bi GKwU e¯‘ 10 wgUvi
wgwb‡U 25 wgUvi `~i‡Z¡ mwi‡q †bq| gwbi
600 wbDUb IR‡bi GKwU e¯‘ 6 wgwb‡U 28
gvwbK I gwb‡ii miv‡bv e¯‘i AwZµvšÍ
wgUvi `~i‡Z¡ mwi‡q †bq| `~iZ¡ mij ˆiwLK n‡j,
K. KvR Kx? 1 gvwb‡Ki ÿgZv =
L. ZvovZvwo Kv‡Ri mv‡_ ÿgZv =
m¤úK©hy³ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 = 20.83 IqvU
M. DÏxc‡K gvwbK Ges gwb‡ii K… Ges gwb‡ii ÿgZv =
ZKv‡Ri cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3 =
N. DÏxc‡K Zv‡`i AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ hw` = 46. 67 IqvU
mij ˆiwLK nq Zvn‡j Kvi ÿgZv †ewk DcwiD³ MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Y †`Lv hvq,
n‡e MvwYwZK fv‡e we‡kølY Ki| 4 gvwb‡Ki ÿgZv gwb‡ii ÿgZvi †P‡q Kg|
 3bs cª‡kœi DËi  cÖkœ-4 î wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
K. †Kv‡bv e¯‘i Ici ej cÖ‡qvM e¯‘wU e‡ji
w`‡K ¯’vb cwieZ©‡bi cÖwµqv‡K KvR Avwe` 20 †m‡K‡Û 25 N ej Øviv †Kv‡bv
e‡j| e¯‘‡K 28 wgUvi miv‡Z cv‡i Ges Avwkg 25
†m‡K‡Û 30 N ej Øviv †Kv‡bv e¯‘‡K 35
L. †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev e¯‘i KvR Kivi nvi‡K wgUvi miv‡Z cv‡i|
ÿgZv e‡j| [ivRDK DËiv g‡Wj K‡jR, Rvjvev` K¨v›Ub‡g›U
†Kv‡bv KvR †K KZ ZvovZvwo Ki‡Z cv‡i †evW© nvB ¯‹zj, wm‡jU]
Zv n‡jv Zvi ¶gZv| †h e¨w³i ¶gZv †ewk K. KvR Kx? 1
†m Kg mg‡q †ewk KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡e| L. kw³i wbZ¨Zvi myÎ Kx? 2
Avgiv ÿgZv cvB †gvU KvR‡K †gvU mgq M. DÏxc‡K †`Iqv `yB e¨w³i Rb¨B
w`‡q fvM K‡i| ZvB ZvovZvwo Kv‡Ri Kv‡Ri cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
mv‡_ ÿgZv m¤úK©hy³| N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ e¨w³Ø‡qi g‡a¨
M. DÏxcK Abymv‡i, Kvi ÿgZv †ewk? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
gvwbK KZ…©K miv‡bv e¯‘i IRb =  4bs cª‡kœi DËi 
500 wbDUb K. †Kv‡bv e¯‘i Ici ej cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j hw`
`~iZ¡ = 25 wgUvi e¯‘wUi Ae¯’v‡bi cwieZ©b N‡U Zvn‡j ej
gwbi KZ…©K miv‡bv e¯‘i IRb = Ges e‡ji w`‡K e‡ji cÖ‡qvMwe›`yi
600 wbDUb AwZµvšÍ `~i‡Z¡i ¸Ydj KvR|
`~iZ¡ = 28 L. kw³i wbZ¨Zvi m~ÎwU wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv-
wgUvi kw³i m„wó ev aŸsm †bB| kw³ †Kej
 gvwb‡Ki K…ZKv‡Ri cwigvY = miv‡bv GKiƒc †_‡K Ab¨iƒ‡c iƒcvšÍwiZ nq gvÎ|
e¯‘i IRb  `yiZ¡ gnvwe‡k¦i †gvU kw³i cwigvY wbw`©ó I
= 500 wbDUb  AcwieZ©bxq|
25 wgUvi M. wb‡Pi DÏxc‡K †`Iqv `yB e¨w³i Rb¨
= 12500 Ryj Kv‡Ri cwigvY wbY©q Kiv n‡jv-
 gwb‡ii K…ZKv‡Ri cwigvY = Avwe‡`i †ÿ‡Î-
miv‡bvi e¯‘i IRb  `~iZ¡ Kv‡Ri cwigvY = ej  ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j
= 600 wbDUb  e¯‘i miY
28 wgUvi = (25  28) Ryj = 700 Ryj
= 16800 Ryj| Avwk‡gi †ÿ‡Î-
N. DÏxcK Abymv‡i, Avgiv Rvwb,
gvwb‡Ki †ÿ‡Î, e¯‘i IRb = 500 wbDUb Kv‡Ri cwigvY = ej  ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j
mgq = 10 wgwbU e¯‘i miY
= 10  60 †m‡KÛ = (30  35) Ryj = 1050 Ryj
`yiZ¡ = 25 wgUvi = N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Avwe` I Avwk‡gi
600 †m‡KÛ g‡a¨ Kvi ÿgZv †ewk wb‡P MvwYwZK
gwb‡ii †ÿ‡Î, e¯‘i IRb = 600 wbDUb hyw³i gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡iv-
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  85
Avgiv Rvwb, KvR Kivi nvi‡K ÿgZv e‡j| iv. bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³ mvaviYZ
 ÿgZv = cwi‡ekevÜe, KviY Giv evZv‡m
Avwe‡`i †ÿ‡Î Kve©b WvBA·vBW Qvovq bv|
ÿgZv = = Ryj/ †m‡KÛ = 35 IqvU N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ kw³i Drm e¨env‡ii
Avwk‡gi †ÿ‡Î mxgve×Zv wbgœiƒc :
ÿgZv = = Ryj/ †m‡KÛ = 42 IqvU i. ev‡qvM¨vm †_‡K †h we`y¨r cvIqv
AZGe, MvwYwZK hyw³i gva¨‡g ejv hvq Zvi cwigvY Kg Ges mxwgZ|
hvq, DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ e¨w³Ø‡qi g‡a¨ ii. †mŠi, evqy I cvwbi †mªvZ †_‡K
Avwe‡`i Zzjbvq Avwk‡gi ÿgZv †ewk| Drcbœ bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³ mvaviYZ
e¨qeûj|
cÖkœ-5 î wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges
iii. evqy cÖevn I †mªvZ †_‡K †h
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³ cvIqv hvq Zvi
we‡k¦i RbmsL¨v e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ Drm mxwgZ| KviY Gi Rb¨ †h cøv›U
kw³i Pvwn`v †e‡o hvIqvq eZ©gv‡b ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq, Zvi Rb¨ myweavRbK
bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³ Acwinvh© n‡q RvqMv jv‡M| evqyi gva¨‡g Drcv`‡bi
c‡o‡Q| kw³i e¨vcK Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z Ab¨Zg mgm¨v n‡jv me©`vB evqy
mÿg n‡jI bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³i e¨env‡i cÖevn _v‡K bv|
wKQz AmyweavI i‡q‡Q|
iv. m~‡h©i Av‡jv _vK‡j †mŠikw³ wbf©i
K. Kv‡Ri GKK Kx? 1
bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³ cvIqv hvq wKš‘
L. kw³ e¨env‡i Avgv‡`i m‡PZb n‡e
e„wói Rb¨ Gi Drcv`vb e¨vnZ n‡Z
†Kb? 2
cv‡i|
M. evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖÿvc‡U DÏxc‡K
DwjøwLZ kw³i myweavmg~n v. A‡bK mgq cvwbi †Rvqvi fvUv‡K
e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³i Drm wnmv‡e
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ kw³i Drm e¨env‡ii d‡j b`xi MwZc_ cwieZ©b
e¨env‡ii mxgve×Zv we‡kølY Ki|4 n‡q hvq|
 5bs cª‡kœi DËi  cÖkœ-6 î wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
K. Kv‡Ri GKK Ryj|
wgbv GK NÈv a‡i e‡m eB co‡Q| gwb
L. Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †¶‡ÎB kw³i cÖ‡qvRb| 15 wgwb‡U GKwU gvV‡K 3 evi Ges
Rxebgvb Dbœq‡bi Rb¨I kw³i cÖ‡qvRb| mywg 20 wgwb‡U D³ gvV‡K 5 evi
kw³ bv n‡j Avgv‡`i Rxeb P‡j bv| kw³ cÖ`wÿY Kij|
Avgv‡`i Aw¯Í‡Z¡i m‡½ m¤ú„³| Rxevk¥
K. KvR Kx? 1
R¡vjvwb Avgv‡`i kw³i GK weivU Drm| L. †mŠikw³i e¨envi †jL| 2
wKš‘ G kw³ mxwgZ Ges GK mg‡q M. wZbR‡bi kw³‡K gv‡bi EaŸ©µ‡g
wbt‡kl n‡q hv‡e| gvbyl kw³i weKí mvRvI| 3
Dr‡mi mÜv‡b m‡Pó| ZvB cÖvß kw³ N. gwY I mywgi ÿgZvi Zzjbv Ki| 4
e¨env‡i Avgv‡`i Aek¨B m‡PZb I
wgZe¨qx n‡Z n‡e|  6bs cª‡kœi DËi 
M. evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖÿvc‡U DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ K. †Kvb e¯‘i Dci ej cÖ‡qvM K‡i Zvi Ae¯’v‡bi
bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³i myweavmg~n cwieZ©b KivB KvR|
wbgœiƒc: L. †mŠikw³‡K Nievwo Mig ivLvi Kv‡R
i. evqy cÖevn I †mŠikw³ GKwU AdzišÍ
e¨envi Kiv nq| km¨, gvQ, mewR
kw³i Drm KviY evqy I m~h©
me©`vB we`¨gvb| ïKv‡bvi Kv‡R †mŠikw³ e¨eüZ nq| gvQ
ii. cvwb †mªvZ‡K e¨envi K‡i †ewk
ïwK‡q ïuUwK ˆZwi K‡i Zv eûw`b msi¶Y
cwigv‡Y kw³i Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e| Kiv hvq| †mŠikw³ Øviv eqjv‡i ev®ú
G‡ÿ‡Î †mªvZ‡K evav †`Iqvi Rb¨ ˆZwi K‡iI Zvi Øviv Zwor Drcv`‡bi Rb¨
ˆZwi weªR ev e¨v‡iR moK Uve©vBb Nyiv‡bv nq|
†hvMv‡hvM‡K DbœZ K‡i| M. KvR Kivi mvg_©¨‡K kw³ e‡j| †gvU
iii. cvwbi †Rvqvi fvUv‡K Puv` cÖfvweZ Kv‡Ri cwigvY Øviv kw³i cwigvc Kiv nq|
K‡i Ges GwU me©`vB we`¨gvb
ZvB cvwbi †Rvqvi fvUv †_‡K cÖvß DÏxcK g‡Z, wgbv eB co‡Q| G‡Z †m
kw³ me©`vB e¨envi m¤¢e| †Kv‡bv `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i bv| Zvi Kv‡Ri
cwigvY k~b¨| gwb GKwU gvV‡K
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  86
wZbevi Ges mywg gvVwU‡K cuvPevi N. m„Rbkxj 2(N) bs cÖ‡kœi DËi †`L|
cÖ`wÿY K‡i| myZivs Zviv `~iZ¡ AwZµg
cÖkœ-8 î wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges
Kivq KvR m¤úbœ nq| Z‡e mywgi KvR cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
†ewk Ges gwbi KvR Kg nq| ZvB wgbvi
†P‡q gwbi Ges gwbi †P‡q mywgi kw³
†ewk| myZivs, gv‡bi DaŸ©µ‡g
mvwR‡q cvB,
wgbvi kw³  gwbi kw³  mywgi kw³|
N. GKK mg‡q m¤úbœ Kv‡Ri cwigvY n‡jv
ÿgZv| GwU KvR I mgq `ywU ivwki Ici [Wv. Lv¯ÍMxi miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq,
PÆMÖvg]
wbf©i K‡i| ïay Kv‡Ri cwigvY †ewk n‡jB
ÿgZv †ewk nq bv| K. kw³ Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. kw³i wbZ¨Zv ev msiÿYkxjZv
DÏxcK g‡Z, gwb 15 wgwb‡U GKwU
ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
gvV‡K 3 evi cÖ`wÿY K‡i| Zvn‡j
M. †mvjvi c¨v‡b‡ji gva¨‡g
gvVwU‡K 1 evi cÖ`wÿY Ki‡Z gwbi mgq
†mŠikw³‡K wewfbœ iK‡gi kw³‡Z
jv‡M (15  3) wgwbU ev 5 wgwbU| iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv hvq| Giƒc AviI 3wU
Ab¨w`‡K, mywg 20 wgwb‡U GKB bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³i iƒcvšÍi I e¨envi
gvV‡K 5 evi cÖ`wÿY K‡i| Zvn‡j H Av‡jvPbv Ki| 3
gvVwU‡K 1 evi cÖ`wÿY Ki‡Z mywgi N. Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †cÖÿvc‡U
mgq jv‡M (20  5) wgwbU ev 4 bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³i myweav¸‡jv
wgwbU| myZivs GKB cwigvY KvR Ki‡Z Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4
gwb A‡cÿv mywgi Kg mgq jv‡M|
myZivs †`Lv hvq †h, gwb A‡cÿv mywg
 8bs cª‡kœi DËi 
GKK mg‡q †ewk KvR K‡i| d‡j gwb K. KvR Kivi mvg_©¨‡K kw³ e‡j|
A‡cÿv mywgi ÿgZv †ewk nq| L. mswÿß cÖkœ 2 bs Gi DËi †`L|
cÖkœ-7 î wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges M. wb‡gœ wZbwU bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³i
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : iƒcvšÍi †`Iqv n‡jv :
Kvjvg mv‡ne Zuvi nuvmgyiMx I Miæi Lvgv‡ii i. †mŠiPzwjøi gva¨‡g ivbœv Kiv nq,
weôv AveR©bv †_‡K we‡kl cÖwµqvq GK ai‡bi
M¨vm Drcbœ Ki‡Qb| G‡Z Lvgv‡ii wewfbœ G‡ÿ‡Î †mŠikw³ Zvckw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ
Kv‡R kw³ I M¨v‡mi Pvwn`v wgwU‡q AwZwi³ nq|
M¨vm wewµ Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb| [we`¨vgqx miKvwi ii. wewfbœ B‡jKUªwbK hš¿cvwZ †hgb
evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq, gqgbwmsn]
c‡KU K¨vjKz‡jUi, †iwWI, B‡jKUªwbK
K. ÿgZv Kv‡K e‡j? 1 Nwo‡Z †mŠikw³‡K Zwor kw³‡Z
L. ivmvqwbK kw³ ej‡Z Kx eyS? iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv nq|
e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 iii. euva w`‡q †mªv‡Zi MwZkw³i
M. DÏxc‡K Drcbœ M¨vm †Kvb ai‡bi mvnv‡h¨ UvievBb Nywi‡q
kw³i Drm e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 Wvqbv‡gv †_‡K cÖPzi cwigv‡Y
N. kw³i msiÿ‡Y Kvjvg mv‡n‡ei we`y¨rkw³ Drcbœ Kiv nq|
Kvh©µ‡gi ¸iæZ¡ we‡kølY Ki| 4
e¨envi : †mŠikw³‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q
 7bs cª‡kœi DËi  †mŠiwe`y¨r Drcbœ Kiv nq hvi
K. †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev e¯‘i KvR Kiv nvi‡K mvnv‡h¨ ˆe`y¨wZK evwZ, wUwf,
ÿgZv e‡j| d¨vb, wd«R BZ¨vw` Pvjv‡bv hvq|
kx‡Zi †`‡ki †jvKRb †mŠikw³‡K Nievwo
L. Lv‡`¨ ev R¡vjvwb‡Z †h kw³ Rgv _v‡K Mig ivLvi Kv‡R e¨envi Ki‡Q|
Zv‡K ivmvqwbK kw³ e‡j| ev‡qvM¨vm R¡vjvwb I Rwg‡Z mvi
Avgv‡`i †`n Lv`¨ †_‡K kw³ cvq| †c‡Uªvj, wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡”Q|
M¨vm, KvV, Kqjv mewKQziB i‡q‡Q
ivmvqwbKkw³| Avgiv †h UP© evwZ ev N. m„Rbkxj 5(M) bs cÖ‡kœi DËi †`L|
†iwWI‡Z e¨vUvwi e¨envi Kwi Zvi g‡a¨I cÖkœ-9 î wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges
i‡q‡Q ivmvqwbK kw³| cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
M. m„Rbkxj 2(M) bs cÖ‡kœi DËi †`L| iwdK GKwU Mv‡Qi Muywo‡K 10 wgwb‡U mwi‡q 5
Ryj KvR m¤úbœ K‡i| Avevi nvmvb 5 wgwb‡U GKB
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  87
NUbv NwU‡q 10 Ryj KvR m¤úbœ K‡i| `yR‡bB G cÖkœ-10 î wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges
NUbvwU NwU‡q G‡m N‡i ˆe`y¨wZK d¨vb †Q‡o w`‡j cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
nVvr iwdK ejj, ˆe`y¨wZK d¨vb Qvovi d‡j kw³i K‡qK
cÖKvi iƒcvšÍi NU‡Q| mvwebv cÖwZw`b ¯‹z‡ji wgwbev‡m
K. †mŠikw³ Kv‡K e‡j? 1 evmvq †d‡i| AvR Zv‡`i weÁvb K¬v‡m
L. bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³ ej‡Z Kx †evS?2 kw³i wewfbœ Drm m¤ú‡K© cov‡bv
M. iwdK I nvmv‡bi g‡a¨ Kvi ÿgZv n‡q‡Q| †m AevK n‡q jÿ Kij, ¯‹zjev‡m
†ewk wbY©©©q Ki| 3 kw³i AwaKvsk DrmB Dcw¯’Z| Avevi
N. iwd‡Ki gšÍe¨wU we‡kølY Ki| 4 wKQz Drm mivmwi Dcw¯’Z bv _vK‡jI
 9bs cª‡kœi DËi  c‡ivÿfv‡e wµqvkxj|
K. m~h© †_‡K Zvc I Av‡jvKiƒ‡c †h kw³ K. kw³ Kx? 1
cvIqv hvq Zv‡K †mŠikw³ e‡j| L. Ô¯‹zjev‡m evqykw³i e¨envi
Abycw¯’ZÕ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
L. †h kw³i Drm‡K evievi e¨envi Kiv hvq
M. mvwebv‡`i ¯‹zjev‡m wµqvkxj
Zv‡K bevqb‡hvM¨kw³ e‡j|
kw³i wZbwU kw³iƒc m¤ú‡K©
bevqb‡hvM¨kw³i Ab¨Zg Drm n‡jv
Av‡jvKcvZ Ki| 3
m~h©iwk¥, ev‡qvM¨vm, cvwb
N. ¯‹zjev‡m †Kvb kw³wU
†mªvZ, evZvm, cvwb, †Rvqvi-fvUv
cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e wµqvkxj bv n‡qI
cÖf…wZ|
c‡ivÿfv‡e wµqvkxj? we‡kølY Ki|4
M. Avgiv Rvwb, †gvU KvR‡K mgq Øviv
fvM Ki‡j ÿgZv cvIqv hvq| Avgiv DÏxcK
 10bs cª‡kœi DËi 
†_‡K cvB, iwd‡Ki †ÿ‡Î K. KvR Kivi mvg_©¨B kw³|
†gvU KvR = 5 Ryj L. evqycÖev‡ni d‡j †h kw³ Drcbœ nq
†gvU mgq = 10 wgwbU Zv‡K evqykw³ e‡j| ¯‹zjev‡m
AZGe iwd‡Ki ÿgZv = = = 0.5 Ryj/ evqycÖev‡ni kw³‡K e¨envi Kiv nq bv|
wgwbU evqycÖev‡ni kw³‡K e¨envi Kiv nq cvj
Avevi, nvmv‡bi †ÿ‡Î †Zvjv †bŠKvq| ¯‹zjev‡m e¨envi Kiv nq
†gvU KvR = 10 Ryj †c‡Uªvj, wW‡Rj wewfbœ Rxevk¥
mgq = 5 wgwbU R¡vjvwb| G Kvi‡Y ejv hvq, Ô¯‹zjev‡m
AZGe, nvmv‡bi ÿgZv = = = 2 evqykw³i e¨envi Abycw¯’ZÕ|
Ryj/wgwbU
Dc‡ii MvwYwZK we‡kølY †_‡K †`Lv M. mvwebv‡`i ¯‹zjev‡m R¡vjvwb wn‡m‡e
hv‡”Q †h, iwd‡Ki †P‡q nvmv‡bi ÿgZv †c‡Uªvj, wW‡Rj ev wewfbœ Rxevk¥
†ewk| R¡vjvwb‡K e¨envi Kiv nq|
G¸‡jv ivmvqwbKkw³i AšÍM©Z| Avevi,
N. iwd‡Ki gšÍe¨wU n‡jv †h, ˆe`y¨wZK Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwbi ˆZwi ev®úhš¿‡K
d¨vb Qvovi d‡j, kw³i K‡qK cÖKvi iƒcvšÍi Pvjbv K‡i| Gfv‡e ivmvqwbK kw³
N‡U‡Q| hvwš¿Kkw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq|
ˆe`y¨wZK d¨vb Qvovi d‡j we`y¨rkw³ Avevi evm A‡bKÿY a‡i Pj‡j †`Lv hvq,
hvwš¿Kkw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| Avevi, BwÄb Mig n‡q †M‡Q| Gfv‡e
d¨vb †Nvivi mgq wKQz kã K‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î hvwš¿Kkw³ Zvckw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q‡Q|
hvwš¿Kkw³ kãkw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| ¯‹zjev‡m †mŠikw³ cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e bv n‡j
ˆe`y¨wZK d¨vb †ek wKQzÿY Pj‡j GUv c‡ivÿfv‡e wµqvkxj|
Mig n‡q hvq| ZLb hvwš¿Kkw³
Zvckw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| N. ¯‹zjev‡m R¡vjvwb wn‡m‡e Rxevk¥
NUbvwU we‡kølY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, R¡vjvwb e¨envi Kiv nq| G¸‡jv
ˆe`y¨wZK d¨vb Qvovi d‡j we`y¨rkw³ ivmvqwbK kw³|
hvwš¿Kkw³‡Z Ges hvwš¿Kkw³ kãkw³ I ivmvqwbKkw³ hLb wc÷‡bi IVvbvgvi
Zvckw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡jv| Kv‡R e¨eüZ nq, ZLb Zv hvwš¿Kkw³
G e¨vcvi¸‡jv Dcjwä K‡iB iwdK e‡jwQj, wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| A‡bKÿY a‡i BwÄb
ˆe`y¨wZK d¨vb Qvovi d‡j kw³i K‡qK Pvjy _vK‡j Zvckw³ Drcbœ nq Avevi
cÖKvi iƒcvšÍi NU‡Q| DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbv Bwćbi wewfbœ hš¿vs‡k Pz¤^Kkw³i
†_‡K ejv hvq †h, iwd‡Ki gšÍe¨ h_v_©| e¨envi i‡q‡Q|
¯‹zjevm Pvjy _vK‡j kãkw³ Drcbœ nq|
¯‹zjev‡m †h †nWjvBU e¨envi Kiv nq
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  88
Zvi kw³i Drm e¨vUvwi, hv w¯’i Nl©‡Yi d‡j Zvc Drcbœ nq| GB
we`y¨rkw³i GKwU Drm| Avevi msN‡l©i d‡j Av‡jvK KwYKvI we”QzwiZ
†nWjvB‡U Av‡jvKkw³ e¨envi Kiv nq| nq|
G‡ÿ‡Î evqykw³ I cvigvYweKkw³i e¨envi wb‡P G cixÿvq kw³i iƒcvšÍi †`Lv‡bv n‡jv
Abycw¯’Z| AvcvZ`„wó‡Z g‡b n‡Z cv‡i :
†mŠikw³i e¨envi G‡ÿ‡Î wµqvkxj bq|
wKš‘ cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e bv n‡jI c‡ivÿfv‡e
†mŠikw³ G mvgwMÖK Kvh©µ‡g
wµqvkxj|
Lv‡`¨ ev R¡vjvwb‡Z †h kw³ Rgv _v‡K N. Avwe‡ii cixÿvq kã, Zvc I Av‡jvKkw³i
Zv ivmvqwbK kw³| m„wó nq| wb‡P kã, Zvc I Av‡jvK kw³i
ZvB ejv hvq, ¯‹zjev‡m †mŠikw³ iƒcvšÍi e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv :
cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e wµqvkxj bv n‡jI c‡ivÿfv‡e kãkw³i iƒcvšÍi : k‡ãvËi Zi‡½i
wµqvkxj| mvnv‡h¨ Rvgv Kvc‡oi gqjv cwi®‹v‡ii
cÖkœ-11 î wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges mgq kãkw³ hvwš¿Kkw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq|
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI : Abybv‡`i mgq kãkw³ hvwš¿Kkw³‡Z
Avwei kw³i wewfbœ iƒc Av‡Q Zv cixÿv iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| †Uwj‡dvb ev †iwWIi
Kivi Rb¨ GKUv nvZzwo Øviv †jvnvi cv‡Zi †cÖiK h‡š¿ kãkw³ we`y¨rkw³‡Z cwiYZ
Ici AvNvZ K‡i| G‡Z kã, Zvc I Av‡jvi m„wó nq|
nq| Zvckw³i iƒcvšÍi : Mig Bw¯¿ w`‡q
Rvgv Kvco Bw¯¿ Kivi mgq Zvckw³
K. Zvckw³ Kx? 1
hvwš¿Kkw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| ev®úxq
L. KvR Kivi Rb¨ Avgiv †Kv_v †_‡K
Bwćb Zv‡ci mvnv‡h¨ Drcbœ kw³
kw³ cvB? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
e¨envi K‡i †ijMvwo Pvjv‡bv nq, G‡ÿ‡Î
M. Avwe‡ii cixÿvwU‡Z kw³i iƒcvšÍi
Zvckw³ hvwš¿Kkw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq|
e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ kw³¸‡jv‡K Avi Av‡jvKkw³i i~cvšÍi : K¨vjwmqvg,
†Kvb kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍi Kiv hvq? cUvwmqvg, iæwewWqvg cÖf„wZ
D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 avZzi Dci Av‡jv co‡j B‡jKUªb wbM©Z
K‡i we`y¨r cÖevn m„wó Kiv hvq| G‡ÿ‡Î
 11bs cª‡kœi DËi  we`y¨rkw³ Av‡jvKkw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq|
K. ivbœv Ki‡Z, †gvUiMvwo ev †ijMvwoi
BwÄb Pvjv‡Z e¨eüZ kw³B n‡jv Zvckw³| cÖkœ-12 î wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
L. KvR Kivi Rb¨ Avgiv Lv`¨ †_‡K kw³ cvB|
kw³i cÖavb Drm n‡”Q m~h©| ZvQvov †mv‡nj GKRb fv‡jv wµ‡KU †L‡jvqvo|
Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡k i‡q‡Q kw³i wewfbœ †m dv÷ †evjvi| †Ljvi GKch©v‡q †m
Drm| meyR Dw™¢` m~‡h©i Av‡jvi ejwU‡K Dc‡i Qz‡o gvij|
Dcw¯’wZ‡Z ivmvqwbK kw³iƒ‡c kw³ K. kw³i iƒcvšÍi Kx? 1
mÂq K‡i iv‡L| †mB kw³B Avgiv Lv`¨ L. MwZkxj e¯‘i MwZkw³ KLb k~b¨
MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g MÖnY Kwi| GB nq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
ivmvqwbKkw³ Zvc kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq M. †mv‡n‡ji †Qvov ejwU KLb
Ges wewfbœ KvR Kivi mvg_©¨ AR©b gvwU‡Z wd‡i Avm‡e? e¨vL¨v
K‡i| Ki| 3
N. †mv‡n‡ji ej †Qvovi NUbvwU
M. Avwe‡ii cixÿvwU‡Z hvwš¿Kkw³ Zvc, kã mvgwMÖKfv‡e we‡kølY Ki| 4
I Av‡jvKkw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq|
Avwei Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi d‡j Zvi †`‡n  12bs cª‡kœi DËi 
ivmvqwbKkw³ mwÂZ nq| nvZzwo K. kw³i iƒcvšÍi n‡jv kw³i GKiƒc †_‡K Ab¨iƒ‡c
†Zvjvi mgq ivmvqwbK kw³ cwiewZ©Z nIqv|
hvwš¿Kkw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| nvZzwoi L. MwZkxj e¯‘ †_‡g hvIqvi wVK Av‡Mi
Ae¯’vb cwieZ©‡bi d‡j hvwš¿Kkw³ gyn‚‡Z© MwZ kw³ k~b¨ nq| MwZkxj
w¯’wZkw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| nvZzwo e¯‘‡Z MwZkw³ _v‡K| GKwU PjšÍ
cZ‡bi mgq w¯’wZkw³ MwZkw³‡Z MwZkxj e¯‘i MwZ Kg‡Z _vK‡j MwZkw³
iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| hLb nvZzwo †jvnvi cvZ‡K Kg‡Z _v‡K Ges e¯‘wU _vgvi wVK c~e©
AvNvZ K‡i ZLb k‡ãi m„wó nq| G‡`i gyn‚‡Z© MwZkw³ k~b¨ n‡q hvq|
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  89
M. †mv‡n‡ji †Qvov e‡ji MwZkw³ k~b¨ Zv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv :
nIqvi ci Zv gvwU‡Z wd‡i Avm‡e| 1. ev‡qvM¨vm †_‡K †h we`y¨r cvIqv hvq Zvi
†mv‡nj Zvi wµ‡KU ej‡K Dc‡i †Qv‡o| cwigvY Kg Ges mxwgZ|
Gic‡i ejwUi †ÿ‡Î K‡qKwU NUbv N‡U| 2. evqy I †mªvZ †_‡K †h bevqb‡hvM¨
cÖ_gZ ejwU Dc‡i †Qvovi mv‡_ mv‡_ kw³ cvIqv hvq Zvi Drm mxwgZ|
Zvi MwZkw³ Kg‡Z _v‡K| hLb MwZkw³ KviY Gi Rb¨ †h cv›U ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq
k~b¨ n‡q hvq ZLb ejwUi g‡a¨ _vKv Zvi Rb¨ myweavRbK RvqMv jv‡M|
w¯’wZkw³i Kvi‡Y wb‡P bvg‡Z _v‡K| 3. †mŠikw³ wbf©i bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³
A_©vr hLb ejwUi m¤ú~Y© MwZkw³ cvIqv hvq m~‡hi© Av‡jv _vKvi Ici,
k~b¨ n‡q hv‡e ZLbB †mwU gvwU‡Z hvi Drcv`b e„wói Rb¨ e¨vNvZ N‡U|
wd‡i Avm‡e| 4. †mŠi, evqy I cvwbi †mªvZ †_‡K
N. †mv‡n‡ji †Qvov e‡ji NUbvwU DrcbœK…Z bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³
mvgwMÖKfv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z †M‡j Avgiv mvaviYZ e¨qeûj|
`yB fv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvwi| cÖ_gZ N. Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †cÖÿvc‡U D³ kw³i A_©vr
ejwU †Qvovi c‡ii NUbv Ges Zvici ejwU †mŠikw³ e¨env‡ii Acwi‡gq myweav
gvwU‡Z wd‡i Avmvi NUbv| i‡q‡Q|
ejwU †Qvovi wVK gyn~‡Z© MwZkw³ evsjv‡`‡k A‡bK AÂj Av‡Q †hLv‡b GLbI
†ewk _v‡K| Gici MwZkw³ k~b¨ n‡q we`y¨r †cuŠ‡Qwb| †mLv‡b Avgiv
hvIqvi ci ejwUi g‡a¨ _vKv w¯’wZkw³i mn‡RB †mŠikw³i mvnv‡h¨ we`y¨r
Kvi‡Y ejwU wb‡Pi w`‡K Avm‡Z _v‡K| †c‡Z cvwi| ZvQvov ev‡qvM¨vm
wb‡Pi w`‡K Avm‡Z _vKvi mgq ejwUi Drcv`‡b i‡q‡Q Avgv‡`i wecyj m¤
g‡a¨ _vKv w¯’wZkw³ MwZkw³‡Z ¢vebv| hw`I Avgv‡`i †`k †gvUvgywU
iƒcvšÍwiZ nq Ges ejwU gvwU‡Z c‡o| cÖvK…wZK M¨v‡m mg„× Z_vwc
mvgwMÖKfv‡e MwZkw³ iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q Avgv‡`i GB weKí kw³i mÜvb Aek¨B Ki‡Z
w¯’wZkw³‡Z cwiYZ nq| AZGe n‡e| cÖvK…wZK M¨vm‡K Avgv‡`i GK ¯’vb
w¯’wZkw³ MwZkw³‡Z cwiYZ nIqv Ges †_‡K Ab¨ ¯’v‡b mieivn Kiv‡Z cÖPzi LiP
MwZkw³ k~b¨ nIqvi gva¨‡g †mv‡n‡ji nq|
ej †Qvovi mgMÖ cÖwµqvwU m¤úbœ hw` ev‡qvM¨vm cøv›U M‡o Zzj‡Z cvwi
nq| †m‡¶‡Î Avgiv ˆØZ myweav cve| GwU
DbœZgv‡bi ˆRemvi †c‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i I
cÖkœ-13 î wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges
`~lYgy³ cwi‡e‡ki mnvqK nq|
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
myZivs Avgv‡`i‡K fwel¨r wPšÍvq GLbB
m~h© mKj kw³i Drm| GQvovI evZvm, GB kw³i h_vh_ e¨e¯’vcbvi D‡`¨vM
cvwb G¸‡jv cÖK…wZ‡Z AdzišÍ| cÖK…wZi MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|
GB m~‡h©i Av‡jv, evZvm I cvwb Kv‡R
jvwM‡q A‡bK wKQzB Kiv m¤¢e| cÖkœ-14 î wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
K. bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³ Kx? 1
L. cÖvK…wZK M¨vm Abevqb‡hvM¨ bvwRg ev‡MinvU †Rjvi cÖZ¨šÍ MÖv‡gi
kw³ †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 wkwÿZ †Q‡j| Zv‡`i evwo‡Z we`y¨r †bB|
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ kw³i Zv‡`i cwievi KvV w`‡q ivbœv K‡i Ges
mxgve×Zv I Amyweav¸‡jv Kx †K‡ivwmb w`‡q evwZ R¡vjvq| evwo‡Z
Kx? 3 10wU Miæ Av‡Q| †m ivbœv I evwZ
N. Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †cÖÿvc‡U D³ kw³i R¡vjv‡bvi Rb¨ †K‡ivwmb †Z‡ji weKí
myweav we‡kølY K‡i wjL| 4 wn‡m‡e ev‡qvM¨vm e¨envi Kivi wm×všÍ
†bq|
 13bs cª‡kœi DËi 
K. ev‡qvM¨vm Kx? 1
K. †h kw³i Drm‡K evievi e¨envi Kiv hvq L. †mŠikw³i `ywU e¨envi D‡jøL Ki|2
ZvB n‡jv bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³| M. bvwR‡gi weKí R¡vjvwb mÜv‡bi
L. m„Rbkxj 1 (L) bs cÖ‡kœi DËi †`L| KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ kw³ n‡jv bevqb‡hvM¨ N. bvwR‡gi weKí kw³wU e¨envi
kw³| eZ©gv‡b bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³i e¨vcK Kivi wm×všÍ mwVK wKbv?
Pvwn`v I AvMÖn Av‡Q| Z‡e wKQz‡ÿ‡Î †Zvgvi Dˇii c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4
bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³i e¨env‡i wKQz  14bs cª‡kœi DËi 
mxgve×Zv I Amyweav †`Lv hvq| wb‡P
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  90
K. Mevw`cïi weôv I mn‡R cPbkxj Dw™ R¡vjvwb Drm| Awe‡ewPZ e¨env‡ii d‡j
¢‡`i cPv As‡ki mvnv‡h¨ M¨vm ˆZwi cÖvc¨Zv wbt‡kl n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|
bv‡g cwiwPZ ev‡qvM¨vm| DcwiD³ welqmg~n we‡ePbv K‡i bvwRg
L. †mŠikw³i `ywU e¨envi wb‡P D‡jøL Kiv weKí R¡vjvwbi mÜvb Ki‡Q|
n‡jv : N. bvwRg cÖZ¨šÍ MÖv‡gi †Q‡j| †mLv‡b
1. †mŠiPzwjø‡Z †mŠikw³ e¨envi K‡i we`y¨r mnRjf¨ bq| G Kvi‡Y Zvi cwievi
ivbœv Kiv hvq| KvV w`‡q ivbœv K‡i Ges †K‡ivwmb
2. Dw™¢` †mŠikw³ e¨envi K‡i Dw™¢` w`‡q evwZ R¡vjvq| bvwRg wkwÿZ
wb‡R‡`i Rb¨ Lv`¨ ˆZwi K‡i| Avgiv G nIqvi Kvi‡Y mn‡RB eyS‡Z cv‡i KvV‡K
MvQcvjv Ges G‡`i dj I Ab¨vb¨ ivbœvi Kv‡R e¨env‡ii cwiYwZ KZ
Ask‡K Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i fqsKi|
_vwK|
bvwR‡gi weKí R¡vjvwbwU ev‡qvM¨vm|
M. bvwR‡gi weKí R¡vjvwb mÜv‡bi KviY ev‡qvM¨vm bevqb‡hvM¨ R¡vjvwb|
n‡jv †m e„ÿwbab Kgv‡Z Pvq| M„ncvwjZ cïcvwLi weôv I cPbkxj Dw™
bvwR‡gi cwievi KvV w`‡q ivbœv K‡i, ¢‡`i cwPZ Ask †_‡K ev‡qvM¨vm Drcbœ
†K‡ivwmb w`‡q evwZ R¡vjvq| bvwRg Kiv nq| G †_‡K K…wlRwg‡Z e¨env‡ii
wkwÿZ †Q‡j| †m Rv‡b MvQ Avgv‡`i
mviI cvIqv hvq| G c×wZ †hgb mvkªqx
Rb¨ KZ DcKvix| MvQ Avgv‡`i †eu‡P
†Zgwb cwi‡ekevÜe| bvwRg‡`i 10wU
_vKvi cÖavb Dcv`vb Aw·‡Rb `vb K‡i|
Miæ Av‡Q| Mi渇jvi †Mvei ev‡qvM¨vm
gvbylmn cÖvwYRM‡Zi mevi Lv`¨
Drcv`‡b e¨envi LyeB BwZevPK|
Drcv`b K‡i MvQ| ZvB e„ÿwbab gv‡b
wb‡Ri Aw¯ÍZ¡‡K ûgwKi m¤§yLxb Kiv| Gme wKQz we‡ePbv K‡i bvwR‡gi weKí
Avevi †K‡ivwmb Abevqb‡hvM¨ kw³ wn‡m‡e ev‡qvM¨vm‡K †e‡Q †bIqv
LyeB hyw³hy³ I mg‡qvc‡hvMx n‡q‡Q|

cÖkœ-15 î †gnRvwe‡bi MÖv‡gi evwo N. †gnRvwe‡bi MÖvg evmxi †mŠi

gvÎvB| †mLv‡b GLb I we`y¨r †cŠQvq wb| we`y¨r e¨env‡ii myweav Amyweav
ZvB MÖvgevmxi A‡b‡KB †mŠiwe`y¨r we‡kølY Ki|
e¨envi K‡ib Avevi MZ MÖx‡®§i QzwU‡Z cÖkœ-16 î wg. ivwKe eZ©gv‡b Mevw`
gvgvi mv‡_ †m KvßvB †eov‡Z wM‡q †`‡L cïi weôv †_‡K GK cÖKvi M¨vm ˆZwi Ki‡Qb|
cvwb †_‡K we`yªr Drcbœ Kiv n‡”Q| wKš‘ wZwb Zvi Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi ci AwZwi³
†gnRvweb †fovgviv we`y¨r †K‡›`ª we`y¨r
Drcv`‡bi †KŠkj †_‡K Avjv`v| M¨vm wewµ Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
K. kw³i cÖavb Drm wK? 1 K. ev‡qvM¨vm Kx? 1
L. bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³i wZbwU D`vniY L. ÔZvc GK cÖKvi kw³Õ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
`vI| 2 M. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ M¨vmwU Zzwg
M. †gnRvwe‡bi †`Lv KvßvB‡qi cvwb Kxfv‡e ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡e? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|3
we`y¨r Drcv`b †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ M¨vmwU cwi‡e‡ki
Rb¨ wbivc` bvwK ÿwZKi? Dˇii c‡ÿ
hyw³ `vI| 4

 Ávbg~jK  cÖkœ \ 4 \ Kqjv †cvov‡j Kx Drcbœ

cÖkœ \ 1 \ kw³i GKK Kx? nq?
DËi : Ryj| DËi : Kqjv †cvov‡j Zvc Drcbœ nq|
cÖkœ \ 2 \ kw³ Kx? cÖkœ \ 5 \ cvigvYweK kw³‡K †Kvb
kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv hvq?
DËi : KvR Kivi mvg_©¨B kw³|
DËi : cvigvYweK kw³‡K we`y¨r kw³‡Z
cÖkœ \ 3 \ evqykw³ Kx?
iƒcvšÍi Kiv hvq|
DËi : evqy cÖev‡ni d‡j †h kw³ Drcbœ nq
cÖkœ \ 6 \ K¨vjKz‡jUi Kx?
Zv‡K evqy kw³ e‡j|
 mßg †kÖwY : weÁvb  91
DËi : K¨vjKz‡jUi GK cÖKvi B‡j±ªwbK hš¿| mvaviYfv‡e KvR n‡jv ej I e¯‘i AwZµvšÍ
cÖkœ \ 7 \ MwZkw³ Kx? `~i‡Z¡i ¸Ydj| †Kv‡bv e¯‘i Ici ej cÖ‡qvM K‡i
DËi : MwZi Rb¨ KvR Kivi mvg_©¨‡K e¯‘wU‡K e‡ji w`‡K GK ¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨ ¯’v‡b
MwZkw³ e‡j| miv‡bvi gva¨‡g KvR m¤úbœ nq|
cÖkœ \ 2 \ m~h© †_‡K Avgiv †Kvb
 Abyavebg~jK  †Kvb kw³ cvB e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ \ 1 \ Kv‡Ri mv‡_ KqwU welq DËi : c„w_exi mKj kw³i Drm m~h©| m~h©
m¤úK©hy³ e¨vL¨v Ki| †_‡KB Avgiv mKj kw³ †c‡q _vwK| m~h©
DËi : Kv‡Ri mv‡_ `ywU welq m¤cK©hy³| †_‡K Avgiv cÖ_gZ Zvckw³ I Av‡jvKkw³
GKwU n‡jv ej Ges AciwU n‡jv ej cÖ‡qv‡M †c‡q _vwK|
Ae¯’v‡bi cwieZ©b|
cÖkœ \ 3 \ m~h© mKj kw³i Drm-
e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi : m~h© †_‡K †h kw³ cvIqv hvq Zv‡K
ejv nq †mŠikw³| c„w_ex‡Z hZ kw³ Av‡Q
Zvi meB †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bvfv‡e m~h©
†_‡K Avmv ev m~h©wKiY e¨eüZ n‡qB
ˆZwi n‡q‡Q| †hgb AvaywbK mf¨Zvi aviK
Rxevk¥ R¡vjvwb Avm‡j eûw`‡bi mwÂZ
†mŠikw³| ZvB ejv nq m~h© mKj kw³i
Drm|
cÖkœ \ 4 \ wejvmeûj Rxebhvc‡bi †ÿ‡Î
kw³i msKU e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi : gvbyl DbœZ Rxebhvc‡bi Rb¨
wejvmeûj evwoNi wbg©vY K‡i| †iwWI,
wUwf, wfwmAvi, Kw¤úDUvi, kxZvZc
wbqwš¿Z hš¿cvwZ AwaK nv‡i e¨envi Kivi
d‡j kw³i msKU evo‡Q|
cÖkœ \ 5 \ Dbœqbkxj †`‡k kw³i e¨q
†Kgb N‡U?
DËi : Dbœqbkxj †`kmg~n e¨vcKnv‡i
`vjvb‡KvVv, iv¯ÍvNvU, KjKviLvbv BZ¨vw`
wbg©vY Ki‡Q Ges hvbevnb e¨envi Ki‡Q|
G mKj wbg©vY Kv‡R I hvbevnb i¶Yv‡e¶‡Y
AwaK kw³ e¨q NU‡Q|