The document is a micro-project report on a market survey of function generators submitted by students from Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering for their Electronics and Telecommunications diploma. It includes an abstract discussing the function generator's applications, specifications of various models, and insights gained from the survey. The project aims to compile a comprehensive list of function generators available in the market to aid in selecting quality equipment for academic and laboratory use.
The document is a micro-project report on a market survey of function generators submitted by students from Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering for their Electronics and Telecommunications diploma. It includes an abstract discussing the function generator's applications, specifications of various models, and insights gained from the survey. The project aims to compile a comprehensive list of function generators available in the market to aid in selecting quality equipment for academic and laboratory use.
The document is a micro-project report on a market survey of function generators submitted by students from Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering for their Electronics and Telecommunications diploma. It includes an abstract discussing the function generator's applications, specifications of various models, and insights gained from the survey. The project aims to compile a comprehensive list of function generators available in the market to aid in selecting quality equipment for academic and laboratory use.
The document is a micro-project report on a market survey of function generators submitted by students from Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering for their Electronics and Telecommunications diploma. It includes an abstract discussing the function generator's applications, specifications of various models, and insights gained from the survey. The project aims to compile a comprehensive list of function generators available in the market to aid in selecting quality equipment for academic and laboratory use.
A MICRO-PROJECT REPORT ON “Market Survey on Function Generators.”
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF DIPLOMA IN ELECTRONICS AND TELE-COMMUNICATIONS DEPARTMENT
SUBMITTED TO MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, MUMBAI
SUBMITTED BY
Name of Students Roll No’s.
1. Maya Chaure SYEJ49
2. Arshad Shaikh SYEJ50
3. Aryan Aich SYEJ51
GUIDED BY Mr. Mohan. R. Singhade Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai (Autonomous) (ISO-9001-2008) (ISO/IEC 27001:2013) CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr.,
1. Maya Chaure 2. Arshad Shaikh 3. Aryan Aich
of Third Semester of Diploma in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering of
Institute, JSPM’s Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering Polytechnic (Code: 1620) have completed the Micro-project satisfactorily in course Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation (22333) for the Academic Year 2023 to 2024 as prescribed in the curriculum.
Place: Tathawade, Pune Enrollment No’s: 1. 2216200422
2. 2216200424
Date: ______________ 3. 2216200426
Mr. M. R. Singhade Mrs. A. N. Dubey
(Course Incharge) (Head of Department) CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................................................................................................. ii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. iii I. Aims of the Micro-Project: ...............................................................................................1 II. Course Outcomes Addressed:...........................................................................................1 III. Literature Review: ...........................................................................................................2 IV. Theoretical Background: ..................................................................................................3 V. Resources / Components Used:.........................................................................................5 VI. Outputs of the Micro-Project: ..........................................................................................5 VII. References: ......................................................................................................................5
i JSPM’s RSCOE Polytechnic | E&TC Department ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to all those who contributed to the successful completion of our micro-project at JSPM’s RSCOE Polytechnic.
First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to our project advisor, Mr. Mohan. R. Singhade, for their invaluable guidance, unwavering support, and expert insights throughout the project, as well as our Principal Prof. Sarita. S. Gaikwad for providing us the opportunity to build and research on this project. I would also like to thank our dedicated team members for their hard work and commitment to this project.
Lastly, a special thanks to our families for their constant encouragement and understanding during this endeavor.
Date: ___________________ Aryan Aich (SYEJ 51)
Place: ___________________ EJ-3I
ii JSPM’s RSCOE Polytechnic | E&TC Department ABSTRACT
Function generator has been widely used in each electronics field’s recent years. In this thesis,
the authors will introduce some basic structure and working principles of a function generator,
moreover a function generator which can create three kinds of wave: sine wave, square wave and
triangle wave has been implemented.
There are many ways to build the function generator; a method of combine the operational
amplifier and discrete components are introduced in this thesis. First use the RC Wien bridge
oscillator to achieve sinusoidal wave; and convert it into square wave by using the shaping
circuit.
Lastly, use the integrating circuit to obtain triangle wave. The basic simulation software Multisim
has been used to simulate the circuit.
Key-words: Function generator, Sine-wave, Square-wave, Triangle-wave.
iii JSPM’s RSCOE Polytechnic | E&TC Department Market Survey on Function Generators
I. Aims of the Micro-Project:
The Aim of this Market Survey of Function Generators is to bring about a comprehensive list of available Function Generators available in the market and their specifications provided in a readable format. This will help in choosing in a good quality function generator, as well as teach you about some popular choices of a function generator commonly employed in academic institutions as well as laboratories.
II. Course Outcomes Addressed:
1. Discipline Knowledge: Apply Electronics engineering knowledge to solve broad based Electronics engineering related problems. 2. Experiments and Practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use the results to solve broad-based Electronics engineering problems. 3. Engineering Tools: Apply relevant Electronics technologies and tools with an understanding of the limitations.
1 JSPM’s RSCOE Polytechnic | E&TC Department Market Survey on Function Generators
III. Literature Review:
T oday's electronic systems require many signal waveform shapes. Common waveforms are the square wave, triangular wave, and single pulse wave with fixed duration. Fixed duration pulses are used in communication and control systems. Square waves are used as a clock for digital systems. Triangular waves are used for scanning an electron beam on a CRT screen, in precise time measurements, and in time modulation [1].
With the development of modern technology, the function generator with independent control of amplitude and frequency plays an important role in applied electronics, communications, instrumentation and signal processing applications [2].
The function generator is a measurement equipment with long history, it has been produced in 1920. With the development of communication technique and radar technique, in 1940, the function generator used to test standard signal of various receiver appeared, this improvement changes the function generator from a qualitative investigation testing instrument to a quantitative analysis measuring instruments.
At the same time, the pulse function generator to measure the pulse circuit or modulate the pulse has been made. The mechanical structure of the function generator is very complex in early time, which led the slowly evolution of the function generator. Till 1964, the first function generators with whole transistors were created.
As a commonly used signal source, function generator is the most extensive used of general instrument in the modern test area. To research, production, testing and maintenance each electronic components, units and the machine equipment, the signal source are needed. It produces voltage signal and current signal with different frequency and wave form, and added to the device or equipment which being measured, then observe and measuring the output response of the measured instrument to analyses and identify their performance parameters. Function generator is the most basic and widely used electronic instruments in electronic measurement field.
2 JSPM’s RSCOE Polytechnic | E&TC Department Market Survey on Function Generators
IV. Theoretical Background:
In the modern field of electronic systems, wave generator can be used as stand-alone signal sources or may be a part of integrated sensing system for providing excitation and control. Tuning of amplitude and frequency and independent control adds extra flexibility to the system and required in many sensors based integrated system applications like the micro-machined resistive and capacitive sensors [3]. In this part, different kinds of wave generator and its specifications will be introduced 1.2.1.
HTC FG-2002 Specifications:
• Attenuation: 20dB-40dB • Amplitude: no less than 20vp-p (Empty Load) • Dimension: 310x230x90 mm • Frequency Range (Hz): 0.1Hz-2MHz (FG-2002) • Measurement Range: 1Hz-20MHz • Input Power: 5V-0V±10% • Waveform: Sine wave, square wave, Triangle wave, Positive & Negative Figure 1: HTC FG-2002 Function Generator. Sawtooth and Positive & Negative Pulse • Frequency: 0.1 Hz-2 MHz Price: 9,500/-
2. Online Resources References below for additional N/A information.
VI. Outputs of the Micro-Project:
An observable output of doing this micro-project was that all of us (team members) gained a bit of insight about what the market needs when it comes to Function Generators.
We saw that modern function generators should be available with 0-15MHz function generation capability; Sine-wave, Square-wave and Sweep-wave generation capabilities, as well as a minimum 2V Peak to Peak till 20V Peak to Peak amplitude adjustment, all under 15,000 rupees.
VII. References: [1] C. Toumazou and F. J. Lidge, “Current-feedback opamps: A blessing in disguise?” IEEE Circuits Device Mag., vol. 10, pp. 34-37, Jan. 1994. [2] G. Di Cataldo, G. Palumbo and S. Pennisi, “A Schmitt trigger by means of a CCII+,” Int. J. Circuit Theory and Applications, vol. 23, pp. 161-165, 1995. [3] L. K. Baxter, Capacitive Sensors, Design and Applications. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 1997. [4] Credits to Google Images for Pinout Diagrams of various trivial components. [5] Credits to Wikipedia for small snippets of information about all the components.
