230713 FL - Duct Insulation_JZS LAST VERSION

Copyright 2018 AIA MasterSpec Full Length 03/18
SECTION 230713 - DUCT INSULATION
General Note: U.S. Standards are specified as main reference for this Technical Specification.
Nevertheless, Chilean Regulations are compulsory and European Standards along with Chilean Standards
also apply, through proposals’ submission, and upon Engineer’s consideration and approval.
1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS
A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary
Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.
1.2 SUMMARY
A. Section includes insulating the following duct services:
1. Indoor, concealed supply and outdoor air.

2. Indoor, exposed supply and outdoor air.
3. Indoor, concealed return located in unconditioned space.
4. Indoor, exposed return located in unconditioned space.
5. Indoor, concealed exhaust between isolation damper and penetration of building exterior.
6. Indoor, exposed exhaust between isolation damper and penetration of building exterior.
7. Outdoor, concealed supply and return.
8. Outdoor, exposed supply and return.
B. Related Sections:
1. Section 230716 "HVAC Equipment Insulation."

2. Section 230719 "HVAC Piping Insulation."
3. Section 233113 "Metal Ducts" for duct liners.
1.3 ACTION SUBMITTALS
A. Product Data: For each type of product indicated. Include thermal conductivity, water-vapor
permeance thickness, and jackets (both factory- and field-applied if any).
B. Sustainable Design Submittals:

1. Product Data: For recycled content, indicating postconsumer and preconsumer recycled
content and cost.
2. Product Data: For adhesives, indicating VOC content.
3. Laboratory Test Reports: For adhesives, indicating compliance with requirements for
low-emitting materials.
4. Product Data: For sealants, indicating VOC content.
5. Laboratory Test Reports: For sealants, indicating compliance with requirements for low-
emitting materials.
6. Laboratory Test Reports: For antimicrobial coatings, indicating compliance with
requirements for low-emitting materials.
DUCT INSULATION 230713 - 1
Copyright © 2018 by the American Institute of Architects. Warning: This AIA MasterSpec based document is protected by U.S. Copyright Law and International
Treaties. A valid, current MasterSpec license is required for editing or use of this document.
C. Shop Drawings: Include plans, elevations, sections, details, and attachments to other work.
1. Detail application of protective shields, saddles, and inserts at hangers for each type of
insulation and hanger.
2. Detail insulation application at elbows, fittings, dampers, specialties and flanges for each
type of insulation.
3. Detail application of field-applied jackets.
4. Detail application at linkages of control devices.
D. Samples: For each type of insulation and jacket indicated. Identify each Sample, describing
product and intended use. Sample sizes are as follows:
1. Sheet Form Insulation Materials: 300 mm square.

2. Sheet Jacket Materials: 300 mm square.
3. Manufacturer's Color Charts: For products where color is specified, show the full range
of colors available for each type of finish material.
1.4 INFORMATIONAL SUBMITTALS
A. Qualification Data: For qualified Installer.
B. Material Test Reports: From a qualified testing agency acceptable to authorities having
jurisdiction indicating, interpreting, and certifying test results for compliance of insulation
materials, sealers, attachments, cements, and jackets, with requirements indicated. Include dates
of tests and test methods employed.
C. Field quality-control reports.
1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Installer Qualifications: Skilled mechanics who have successfully completed an apprenticeship

program or another craft training program certified (submit certificate for Engineer’s approval).
B. Surface-Burning Characteristics: For insulation and related materials, as determined by testing

identical products according to ASTM E84, by a testing agency acceptable to authorities having
jurisdiction. Factory label insulation and jacket materials and adhesive, mastic, tapes, and
cement material containers, with appropriate markings of applicable testing agency.
1. Insulation Installed Indoors: Flame-spread index of 25 or less, and smoke-developed

index of 50 or less.
2. Insulation Installed Outdoors: Flame-spread index of 75 or less, and smoke-developed
index of 150 or less.
C. Mockups: Before installing insulation, build mockups for each type of insulation and finish
listed below to demonstrate quality of insulation application and finishes. Build mockups in the
location indicated or, if not indicated, as directed by Engineer. Use materials indicated for the
completed Work.
1. Ductwork Mockups:
a. One 3-m section each of rectangular and round straight duct.

b. One each of a 90-degree mitered round and rectangular elbow, and one each of a
90-degree radius round and rectangular elbow.
c. One rectangular branch takeoff and one round branch takeoff from a rectangular
duct. One round tee fitting.
d. One rectangular and round transition fitting.
e. Four support hangers for round and rectangular ductwork.
f. Each type of damper and specialty.
2. For each mockup, fabricate cutaway sections to allow observation of application details
for insulation materials, adhesives, mastics, attachments, and jackets.
3. Notify Engineer seven days in advance of dates and times when mockups will be
constructed.
4. Obtain Engineer's approval of mockups before starting insulation application.
5. Approval of mockups does not constitute approval of deviations from the Contract
Documents contained in mockups unless Engineer specifically approves such deviations
in writing.
6. Maintain mockups during construction in an undisturbed condition as a standard for
judging the completed Work.
7. Demolish and remove mockups when directed.
1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
A. Packaging: Insulation material containers shall be marked by manufacturer with appropriate

ASTM standard designation, type and grade, and maximum use temperature.
1.7 COORDINATION
A. Coordinate sizes and locations of supports, hangers, and insulation shields specified in
Section 230529 "Hangers and Supports for HVAC Piping and Equipment."
B. Coordinate clearance requirements with duct Installer for duct insulation application. Before
preparing ductwork Shop Drawings, establish and maintain clearance requirements for
installation of insulation and field-applied jackets and finishes and for space required for
maintenance.
C. Coordinate installation and testing of heat tracing.
1.8 SCHEDULING
A. Schedule insulation application after pressure testing systems and, where required, after
installing and testing heat tracing. Insulation application may begin on segments that have
satisfactory test results.
B. Complete installation and concealment of plastic materials as rapidly as possible in each area of
construction.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1 INSULATION MATERIALS
A. Comply with requirements in "Duct Insulation Schedule, General," "Indoor Duct and Plenum
Insulation Schedule," and "Aboveground, Outdoor Duct and Plenum Insulation Schedule"
articles for where insulating materials shall be applied.
B. Products shall not contain asbestos, lead, mercury, or mercury compounds.
C. Products that come in contact with stainless steel shall have a leachable chloride content of less
than 50 ppm when tested according to ASTM C871.
D. Insulation materials for use on austenitic stainless steel shall be qualified as acceptable
according to ASTM C795.
E. Foam insulation materials shall not use CFC or HCFC blowing agents in the manufacturing
process.
F. Flexible Elastomeric Insulation: Closed-cell, sponge- or expanded-rubber materials. Comply

with ASTM C534, Type II for sheet materials.
G. Mineral-Fiber Blanket Insulation: Mineral or glass fibers bonded with a thermosetting resin.
Comply with ASTM C553, Type II and ASTM C1290, Type II with factory-applied vinyl
jacket/Type III with factory-applied FSK jacket.
H. Mineral-Fiber Board Insulation: Mineral or glass fibers bonded with a thermosetting resin.
Comply with ASTM C612, Type IA or Type IB. For duct and plenum applications, provide
insulation with factory-applied FSK jacket.
I. Mineral-Fiber, Pipe and Tank Insulation: Mineral or glass fibers bonded with a thermosetting
resin. Semirigid board material with factory-applied FSK jacket complying with ASTM C1393,
Type II or Type IIIA Category 2, or with properties similar to ASTM C612, Type IB. Nominal
density is 40 kg/cu. m or more. Thermal conductivity (k-value) at 55 deg C is 0.042 W/m x K or
less.
J. Polyolefin: Unicellular, polyethylene thermal plastic insulation. Comply with ASTM C534 or
ASTM C1427, Type I, Grade 1 for tubular materials and Type II, Grade 1 for sheet materials.
2.2 FIRE-RATED INSULATION SYSTEMS
A. Fire-Rated Board: Structural-grade, press-molded, xonolite calcium silicate, fireproofing board

suitable for operating temperatures up to 927 deg C. Comply with ASTM C656, Type II,
Grade 6. Tested and certified to provide a [1] [2]-hour fire rating (as per design requirements)
by an NRTL acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction.
B. Fire-Rated Blanket: High-temperature, flexible, blanket insulation with FSK jacket that is tested
and certified to provide a [1] [2]-hour fire rating (as per design requirements) by an NRTL
acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction.
C. Others. Submit proposals for Engineer’s approval.
2.3 ADHESIVES
A. Materials shall be compatible with insulation materials, jackets, and substrates and for bonding
insulation to itself and to surfaces to be insulated unless otherwise indicated.
B. Flexible Elastomeric and Polyolefin Adhesive: Comply with MIL-A-24179A, Type II, Class I.
1. Manufacturer: Subject to compliance with requirements,
Available manufacturers offering products that may be incorporated into the Work
include, but are not limited to, the following:
Aeroflex USA
Armacell LLC
Childers Brand; H. B. Fuller Construction Products
Foster Brand; H. B. Fuller
K-Flex USA
C. Mineral-Fiber Adhesive: Comply with MIL-A-3316C, Class 2, Grade A.

1. Adhesive shall comply with the testing and product requirements of the California
Department of Public Health's "Standard Method for the Testing and Evaluation of
Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions from Indoor Sources Using Environmental
Chambers."
2. Fiberglass adhesive shall have a VOC content of 80 g/L or less when calculated in
accordance with 40 CFR 59, Subpart D (EPA Method 24).
Chambers." The building concentration of formaldehyde shall not exceed half of the
indoor recommended exposure limit, or 33 mcg/cu. m, and that of acetaldehyde shall not
exceed 9 mcg/cu. m.
D. FSK Jacket Adhesive: Comply with MIL-A-3316C, Class 2, Grade A for bonding insulation
jacket lap seams and joints.
1. Adhesive shall have a VOC content of 80 g/L or less when calculated according to
40 CFR 59, Subpart D (EPA Method 24).
Chambers."
Chambers." Formaldehyde emissions shall not exceed 9 mcg/cu. m or 7 ppb, whichever
is less.
E. PVC Jacket Adhesive: Compatible with PVC jacket.

1. Adhesive shall have a VOC content of 80 g/L or less when calculated according to
40 CFR 59, Subpart D (EPA Method 24).

Chambers."
2.4 MASTICS AND COATINGS
A. Materials shall be compatible with insulation materials, jackets, and substrates.
B. Vapor-Retarder Mastic: Water based; suitable for indoor use on below ambient services.
1. Water-Vapor Permeance: Comply with ASTM C755, Section 7.2.2, Table 2, for
insulation type and service conditions.
2. Service Temperature Range: Minus 29 to plus 82 deg C.
3. Comply with MIL-PRF-19565C, Type II, for permeance requirements.
4. Color: Metallic Grey.
C. Vapor-Retarder Mastic: Solvent based; suitable for indoor use on below ambient services.
D. Vapor-Retarder Mastic: Solvent based; suitable for outdoor use on below ambient services.
E. Breather Mastic: Water based; suitable for indoor and outdoor use on above ambient services.
1. Water-Vapor Permeance: ASTM E96, greater than 0.66 metric perms at manufacturer's
recommended dry film thickness.
2.5 LAGGING ADHESIVES
A. Description: Comply with MIL-A-3316C, Class I, Grade A and shall be compatible with
insulation materials, jackets, and substrates.
Chambers." The building concentration of formaldehyde shall not exceed half of the
indoor recommended exposure limit, or 33 mcg/cu. m, and that of acetaldehyde shall not
exceed 9 mcg/cu. m.
Chambers."
3. Fire-resistant, water-based lagging adhesive and coating for use indoors to adhere fire-
resistant lagging cloths over duct insulation.
5. Color: White.
2.6 SEALANTS
A. FSK and Metal Jacket Flashing Sealants:

1. Materials shall be compatible with insulation materials, jackets, and substrates.
2. Fire- and water-resistant, flexible, elastomeric sealant.
4. Color: Aluminum.
5. Sealant shall have a VOC content of 420 g/L or less.
6. Sealant shall comply with the testing and product requirements of the
California Department of Public Health's "Standard Method for the Testing
and Evaluation of Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions from Indoor
Sources Using Environmental Chambers."
Sources Using Environmental Chambers." Formaldehyde emissions shall
not exceed 9 mcg/cu. m or 7 ppb, whichever is less.
Sources Using Environmental Chambers." The building concentration of
formaldehyde shall not exceed half of the indoor recommended exposure
limit, or 33 mcg/cu. m, and that of acetaldehyde shall not exceed 9
mcg/cu. m.
B. ASJ Flashing Sealants, and Vinyl and PVC Jacket Flashing Sealants:
1. Materials shall be compatible with insulation materials, jackets, and substrates.
2. Fire- and water-resistant, flexible, elastomeric sealant.
4. Color: White.
5. Sealant shall have a VOC content of 420 g/L or less.

Sources Using Environmental Chambers." Formaldehyde emissions shall
not exceed 9 mcg/cu. m or 7 ppb, whichever is less.
Sources Using Environmental Chambers." The building concentration of
formaldehyde shall not exceed half of the indoor recommended exposure
limit, or 33 mcg/cu. m, and that of acetaldehyde shall not exceed 9
mcg/cu. m.
2.7 FACTORY-APPLIED JACKETS
A. Insulation system schedules indicate factory-applied jackets on various applications. When

factory-applied jackets are indicated, comply with the following:
1. FSK Jacket: Aluminum-foil, fiberglass-reinforced scrim with kraft-paper backing;
complying with ASTM C1136, Type II.
2. FSP Jacket: Aluminum-foil, fiberglass-reinforced scrim with polyethylene backing;
complying with ASTM C1136, Type II.
3. Vinyl Jacket: White vinyl with a permeance of 0.86 metric perm when tested according
to ASTM E96/E96M, Procedure A, and complying with NFPA 90A and NFPA 90B.
2.8 FIELD-APPLIED FABRIC-REINFORCING MESH
A. Woven Glass-Fiber Fabric: Approximately 203 g/sq. m with a thread count of 2 strands by 2
strands/sq. mm for covering ducts.
B. Woven Polyester Fabric: Approximately 34 g/sq. m with a thread count of 4 strands by 4

strands/sq. mm, in a Leno weave, for ducts.
2.9 FIELD-APPLIED CLOTHS
A. Woven Glass-Fiber Fabric: Comply with MIL-C-20079H, Type I, plain weave, and presized a
minimum of 271 g/sq. m.
2.10 FIELD-APPLIED JACKETS
A. Field-applied jackets shall comply with ASTM C921, Type I, unless otherwise indicated.
B. FSK Jacket: Aluminum-foil-face, fiberglass-reinforced scrim with kraft-paper backing.
C. PVC Jacket: High-impact-resistant, UV-resistant PVC complying with ASTM D1784,

Class 16354-C; thickness as scheduled; roll stock ready for shop or field cutting and forming.
Thickness is indicated in field-applied jacket schedules.
1. Adhesive: As recommended by jacket material manufacturer.

2. Color: Color-code jackets based on system. Color as selected by Engineer.
D. Metal Jacket:
1. Aluminum Jacket: Comply with ASTM B209M, Alloy 3003, 3005, 3105, or 5005,
Temper H-14.
a. Sheet and roll stock ready for shop or field sizing/Factory cut and rolled to size.
b. Finish and thickness are indicated in field-applied jacket schedules.
c. Moisture Barrier for Indoor Applications: 0.075-mm- thick, heat-bonded
polyethylene and kraft paper, 0.063-mm- thick polysurlyn.
d. Moisture Barrier for Outdoor Applications: 0.075-mm- thick, heat-bonded
polyethylene and kraft paper, 0.063-mm- thick polysurlyn
E. Self-Adhesive Outdoor Jacket: 1.5-mm- thick, laminated vapor barrier and waterproofing
membrane for installation over insulation located aboveground outdoors; consisting of a
rubberized bituminous resin on a crosslaminated polyethylene film covered with white
aluminum-foil facing.
2.11 TAPES
A. FSK Tape: Foil-face, vapor-retarder tape matching factory-applied jacket with acrylic adhesive;
complying with ASTM C1136.
1. Width: 75 mm.
2. Thickness: 0.16 mm.
3. Adhesion: 1.0 N/mm in width.
4. Elongation: 2 percent.
5. Tensile Strength: 7.2 N/mm in width.
6. FSK Tape Disks and Squares: Precut disks or squares of FSK tape.
B. PVC Tape: White vapor-retarder tape matching field-applied PVC jacket with acrylic adhesive;
suitable for indoor and outdoor applications.
1. Width: 50 mm.
C. Aluminum-Foil Tape: Vapor-retarder tape with acrylic adhesive.

1. Width: 50 mm.
2.12 SECUREMENTS
A. Bands:
1. Aluminum: ASTM B209M, Alloy 3003, 3005, 3105, or 5005; Temper H-14, 0.51 mm
thick, 19 mm wide with closed seal.
2. Springs: Twin spring set constructed of stainless steel with ends flat and slotted to accept
metal bands. Spring size determined by manufacturer for application.
B. Insulation Pins and Hangers:
1. Capacitor-Discharge-Weld Pins: Copper- or zinc-coated steel pin, fully annealed for

capacitor-discharge welding, 3.5-mm diameter shank, length to suit depth of insulation
indicated.
2. Cupped-Head, Capacitor-Discharge-Weld Pins: Copper- or zinc-coated steel pin, fully

annealed for capacitor-discharge welding, 3.5-mm diameter shank, length to suit depth of
insulation indicated with integral 38-mm galvanized carbon-steel washer.
3. Metal, Adhesively Attached, Perforated-Base Insulation Hangers: Baseplate welded to

projecting spindle that is capable of holding insulation, of thickness indicated, securely in
position indicated when self-locking washer is in place. Comply with the following
requirements:
a. Baseplate: Perforated, galvanized carbon-steel sheet 0.76 mm thick by 50 mm
square.
b. Spindle: Aluminum/Stainless steel, fully annealed, 2.6-mm- diameter shank, length
to suit depth of insulation indicated.
c. Adhesive: Recommended by hanger manufacturer. Product with demonstrated
capability to bond insulation hanger securely to substrates indicated without
damaging insulation, hangers, and substrates.
4. Nonmetal, Adhesively Attached, Perforated-Base Insulation Hangers: Baseplate fastened

to projecting spindle that is capable of holding insulation, of thickness indicated, securely
in position indicated when self-locking washer is in place. Comply with the following
requirements:
a. Baseplate: Perforated, nylon sheet, 0.76 mm thick by 38 mm in diameter.
b. Spindle: Nylon, 2.6-mm diameter shank, length to suit depth of insulation
indicated, up to 63 mm.
c. Adhesive: Recommended by hanger manufacturer. Product with demonstrated
capability to bond insulation hanger securely to substrates indicated without
damaging insulation, hangers, and substrates.
5. Self-Sticking-Base Insulation Hangers: Baseplate welded to projecting spindle that is

capable of holding insulation, of thickness indicated, securely in position indicated when
self-locking washer is in place. Comply with the following requirements:
a. Baseplate: Galvanized carbon-steel sheet, 0.76 mm thick by 50 mm square.
b. Spindle: Aluminum/Stainless steel, fully annealed, 2.6-mm diameter shank, length
to suit depth of insulation indicated.
c. Adhesive-backed base with a peel-off protective cover.
6. Insulation-Retaining Washers: Self-locking washers formed from 0.41-mm thick,

aluminum/stainless-steel sheet, with beveled edge sized as required to hold insulation
securely in place but not less than 38 mm in diameter.
a. Protect ends with capped self-locking washers incorporating a spring steel insert to
ensure permanent retention of cap in exposed locations.
7. Nonmetal Insulation-Retaining Washers: Self-locking washers formed from 0.41-mm

thick nylon sheet, with beveled edge sized as required to hold insulation securely in place
but not less than 38 mm in diameter.
C. Staples: Outward-clinching insulation staples, nominal 19-mm wide, stainless steel or Monel.
D. Wire: 2.0-mm nickel-copper alloy/1.6-mm soft-annealed, stainless steel.
2.13 CORNER ANGLES
A. PVC Corner Angles: 0.8 mm thick, minimum 25 by 25 mm, PVC according to ASTM D1784,
Class 16354-C. White or color-coded to match adjacent surface.
B. Aluminum Corner Angles: 1.0 mm thick, minimum 25 by 25 mm, aluminum according to

ASTM B209M, Alloy 3003, 3005, 3105, or 5005; Temper H-14.
C. Stainless-Steel Corner Angles: 0.61 mm thick, minimum 25 by 25 mm, stainless steel according
to ASTM A167 or ASTM A240/A240M, Type 316.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 EXAMINATION
A. Examine substrates and conditions for compliance with requirements for installation tolerances
and other conditions affecting performance of insulation application.
1. Verify that systems to be insulated have been tested and are free of defects.
2. Verify that surfaces to be insulated are clean and dry.
B. Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.
3.2 PREPARATION
A. Surface Preparation: Clean and dry surfaces to receive insulation. Remove materials that will
adversely affect insulation application.
3.3 GENERAL INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
A. Install insulation materials, accessories, and finishes with smooth, straight, and even surfaces;
free of voids throughout the length of ducts and fittings.
B. Install insulation materials, vapor barriers or retarders, jackets, and thicknesses required for
each item of duct system as specified in insulation system schedules.
C. Install accessories compatible with insulation materials and suitable for the service. Install
accessories that do not corrode, soften, or otherwise attack insulation or jacket in either wet or
dry state.
D. Install insulation with longitudinal seams at top and bottom of horizontal runs.
E. Install multiple layers of insulation with longitudinal and end seams staggered.
F. Keep insulation materials dry during application and finishing.
G. Install insulation with tight longitudinal seams and end joints. Bond seams and joints with
adhesive recommended by insulation material manufacturer.
H. Install insulation with least number of joints practical.
I. Where vapor barrier is indicated, seal joints, seams, and penetrations in insulation at hangers,
supports, anchors, and other projections with vapor-barrier mastic.
1. Install insulation continuously through hangers and around anchor attachments.

2. For insulation application where vapor barriers are indicated, extend insulation on anchor
legs from point of attachment to supported item to point of attachment to structure. Taper
and seal ends at attachment to structure with vapor-barrier mastic.
3. Install insert materials and install insulation to tightly join the insert. Seal insulation to
insulation inserts with adhesive or sealing compound recommended by insulation
material manufacturer.
J. Apply adhesives, mastics, and sealants at manufacturer's recommended coverage rate and wet
and dry film thicknesses.
K. Install insulation with factory-applied jackets as follows:
1. Draw jacket tight and smooth.

2. Cover circumferential joints with 75-mm wide strips, of same material as insulation
jacket. Secure strips with adhesive and outward clinching staples along both edges of
strip, spaced 100 mm o.c.
3. Overlap jacket longitudinal seams at least 38 mm. Clean and dry surface to receive self-
sealing lap. Staple laps with outward clinching staples along edge at 50 mm 100 mm o.c.
a. For below ambient services, apply vapor-barrier mastic over staples.
4. Cover joints and seams with tape, according to insulation material manufacturer's written
instructions, to maintain vapor seal.
5. Where vapor barriers are indicated, apply vapor-barrier mastic on seams and joints and at
ends adjacent to duct flanges and fittings.
L. Cut insulation in a manner to avoid compressing insulation more than 75 percent of its nominal
thickness.
M. Finish installation with systems at operating conditions. Repair joint separations and cracking
due to thermal movement.
N. Repair damaged insulation facings by applying same facing material over damaged areas.
Extend patches at least 100 mm beyond damaged areas. Adhere, staple, and seal patches similar
to butt joints.
3.4 PENETRATIONS
A. Insulation Installation at Roof Penetrations: Install insulation continuously through roof

penetrations.
1. Seal penetrations with flashing sealant.

2. For applications requiring only indoor insulation, terminate insulation above roof surface
and seal with joint sealant. For applications requiring indoor and outdoor insulation,
install insulation for outdoor applications tightly joined to indoor insulation ends. Seal
joint with joint sealant.
3. Extend jacket of outdoor insulation outside roof flashing at least 50 mm below top of roof
flashing.
4. Seal jacket to roof flashing with flashing sealant.
B. Insulation Installation at Aboveground Exterior Wall Penetrations: Install insulation

continuously through wall penetrations.
1. Seal penetrations with flashing sealant.

2. For applications requiring only indoor insulation, terminate insulation inside wall surface
and seal with joint sealant. For applications requiring indoor and outdoor insulation,
install insulation for outdoor applications tightly joined to indoor insulation ends. Seal
joint with joint sealant.
3. Extend jacket of outdoor insulation outside wall flashing and overlap wall flashing at
least 50 mm.
4. Seal jacket to wall flashing with flashing sealant.
C. Insulation Installation at Interior Wall and Partition Penetrations (That Are Not Fire Rated):
Install insulation continuously through walls and partitions.
D. Insulation Installation at Fire-Rated Wall and Partition Penetrations: Terminate insulation at fire
damper sleeves for fire-rated wall and partition penetrations. Externally insulate damper sleeves
to match adjacent insulation and overlap duct insulation at least 50 mm.
1. Comply with requirements in Section 078413 "Penetration Firestopping."
E. Insulation Installation at Floor Penetrations:
1. Duct: For penetrations through fire-rated assemblies, terminate insulation at fire damper
sleeves and externally insulate damper sleeve beyond floor to match adjacent duct
insulation. Overlap damper sleeve and duct insulation at least 50 mm.
2. Seal penetrations through fire-rated assemblies. Comply with requirements in
Section 078413 "Penetration Firestopping."
3.5 INSTALLATION OF FLEXIBLE ELASTOMERIC INSULATION
A. Seal longitudinal seams and end joints with manufacturer's recommended adhesive to eliminate
openings in insulation that allow passage of air to surface being insulated.
3.6 INSTALLATION OF MINERAL-FIBER INSULATION
A. Blanket Insulation Installation on Ducts and Plenums: Secure with adhesive and insulation pins.
1. Apply adhesives according to manufacturer's recommended coverage rates per unit area,
for 100 percent coverage of duct and plenum surfaces.
2. Apply adhesive to entire circumference of ducts and to all surfaces of fittings and
transitions.
3. Install either capacitor-discharge-weld pins and speed washers or cupped-head, capacitor-
discharge-weld pins on sides and bottom of horizontal ducts and sides of vertical ducts as
follows:
a. On duct sides with dimensions 450 mm and smaller, place pins along longitudinal
centerline of duct. Space 75 mm maximum from insulation end joints, and 400 mm
o.c.
b. On duct sides with dimensions larger than 450 mm, place pins 400 mm o.c. each
way, and 75 mm maximum from insulation joints. Install additional pins to hold
insulation tightly against surface at cross bracing.
c. Pins may be omitted from top surface of horizontal, rectangular ducts and
plenums.
d. Do not overcompress insulation during installation.
e. Impale insulation over pins and attach speed washers.
f. Cut excess portion of pins extending beyond speed washers or bend parallel with
insulation surface. Cover exposed pins and washers with tape matching insulation
facing.
4. For ducts and plenums with surface temperatures below ambient, install a continuous
unbroken vapor barrier. Create a facing lap for longitudinal seams and end joints with
insulation by removing 50 mm from one edge and one end of insulation segment. Secure
laps to adjacent insulation section with 13-mm outward-clinching staples, 25 mm o.c.
Install vapor barrier consisting of factory- or field-applied jacket, adhesive, vapor-barrier
mastic, and sealant at joints, seams, and protrusions.
a. Repair punctures, tears, and penetrations with tape or mastic to maintain vapor-
barrier seal.
b. Install vapor stops for ductwork and plenums operating below 10 deg C at 5.5-m
intervals. Vapor stops shall consist of vapor-barrier mastic applied in a Z-shaped
pattern over insulation face, along butt end of insulation, and over the surface.
Cover insulation face and surface to be insulated a width equal to two times the
insulation thickness, but not less than 75 mm.
5. Overlap unfaced blankets a minimum of 50 mm on longitudinal seams and end joints. At

end joints, secure with steel bands spaced a maximum of 450 mm o.c.
6. Install insulation on rectangular duct elbows and transitions with a full insulation section
for each surface. Install insulation on round and flat-oval duct elbows with individually
mitered gores cut to fit the elbow.
7. Insulate duct stiffeners, hangers, and flanges that protrude beyond insulation surface with
150-mm wide strips of same material used to insulate duct. Secure on alternating sides of
stiffener, hanger, and flange with pins spaced 150 mm o.c.
B. Board Insulation Installation on Ducts and Plenums: Secure with adhesive and insulation pins.
1. Apply adhesives according to manufacturer's recommended coverage rates per unit area,
for 100 percent coverage of duct and plenum surfaces.
2. Apply adhesive to entire circumference of ducts and to all surfaces of fittings and
transitions.
3. Install either capacitor-discharge-weld pins and speed washers or cupped-head, capacitor-
discharge-weld pins on sides and bottom of horizontal ducts and sides of vertical ducts as
follows:
a. On duct sides with dimensions 450 mm and smaller, place pins along longitudinal
centerline of duct. Space 75 mm maximum from insulation end joints, and 400 mm
o.c.
b. On duct sides with dimensions larger than 450 mm, space pins 400 mm o.c. each
way, and 75 mm maximum from insulation joints. Install additional pins to hold
insulation tightly against surface at cross bracing.
c. Pins may be omitted from top surface of horizontal, rectangular ducts and
plenums.
d. Do not overcompress insulation during installation.
e. Cut excess portion of pins extending beyond speed washers or bend parallel with
insulation surface. Cover exposed pins and washers with tape matching insulation
facing.
4. For ducts and plenums with surface temperatures below ambient, install a continuous
unbroken vapor barrier. Create a facing lap for longitudinal seams and end joints with
insulation by removing 50 mm from one edge and one end of insulation segment. Secure
laps to adjacent insulation section with 13-mm outward-clinching staples, 25 mm o.c.
Install vapor barrier consisting of factory- or field-applied jacket, adhesive, vapor-barrier
mastic, and sealant at joints, seams, and protrusions.
a. Repair punctures, tears, and penetrations with tape or mastic to maintain vapor-
barrier seal.
b. Install vapor stops for ductwork and plenums operating below 10 deg C at 5.5-m
intervals. Vapor stops shall consist of vapor-barrier mastic applied in a Z-shaped
pattern over insulation face, along butt end of insulation, and over the surface.
Cover insulation face and surface to be insulated a width equal to two times the
insulation thickness, but not less than 75 mm.
5. Install insulation on rectangular duct elbows and transitions with a full insulation section
for each surface. Groove and score insulation to fit as closely as possible to outside and
inside radius of elbows. Install insulation on round and flat-oval duct elbows with
individually mitered gores cut to fit the elbow.
6. Insulate duct stiffeners, hangers, and flanges that protrude beyond insulation surface with
150-mm wide strips of same material used to insulate duct. Secure on alternating sides of
stiffener, hanger, and flange with pins spaced 150 mm o.c.
3.7 FIELD-APPLIED JACKET INSTALLATION
A. Where glass-cloth jackets are indicated, install directly over bare insulation or insulation with
factory-applied jackets.
1. Draw jacket smooth and tight to surface with 50-mm overlap at seams and joints.
2. Embed glass cloth between two 1.6-mm thick coats of lagging adhesive.
3. Completely encapsulate insulation with coating, leaving no exposed insulation.
B. Where FSK jackets are indicated, install as follows:
1. Draw jacket material smooth and tight.

2. Install lap or joint strips with same material as jacket.
3. Secure jacket to insulation with manufacturer's recommended adhesive.
4. Install jacket with 38-mm laps at longitudinal seams and 75-mm wide joint strips at end
joints.
5. Seal openings, punctures, and breaks in vapor-retarder jackets and exposed insulation
with vapor-barrier mastic.
C. Where PVC jackets are indicated, install with 25-mm overlap at longitudinal seams and end
joints; for horizontal applications, install with longitudinal seams along top and bottom of tanks
and vessels. Seal with manufacturer's recommended adhesive.
1. Apply two continuous beads of adhesive to seams and joints, one bead under lap and the
finish bead along seam and joint edge.
D. Where metal jackets are indicated, install with 50-mm overlap at longitudinal seams and end
joints. Overlap longitudinal seams arranged to shed water. Seal end joints with weatherproof
sealant recommended by insulation manufacturer. Secure jacket with stainless-steel bands 300
mm o.c. and at end joints.
3.8 FIRE-RATED INSULATION SYSTEM INSTALLATION
A. Where fire-rated insulation system is indicated, secure system to ducts and duct hangers and
supports to maintain a continuous fire rating.
B. Insulate duct access panels and doors to achieve same fire rating as duct.
C. Install firestopping at penetrations through fire-rated assemblies. Fire-stop systems are specified
in Section 078413 "Penetration Firestopping."
3.9 FINISHES
A. Insulation with ASJ, Glass-Cloth, or Other Paintable Jacket Material: Paint jacket with paint
system identified below and as specified in Section 099113 "Exterior Painting" and
Section 099123 "Interior Painting."
1. Flat Acrylic Finish: 2 finish coats over a primer that is compatible with jacket material
and finish coat paint. Add fungicidal agent to render fabric mildew proof.
a. Finish Coat Material: Interior, flat, latex-emulsion size.
B. Flexible Elastomeric Thermal Insulation: After adhesive has fully cured, apply two coats of
insulation manufacturer's recommended protective coating.
C. Color: Final color as selected by Architect. Vary first and second coats to allow visual
inspection of the completed Work.
D. Do not field paint aluminum or stainless-steel jackets.
3.10 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
A. Testing Agency: Engage a qualified testing agency to perform tests and inspections.
B. Perform tests and inspections.
C. Tests and Inspections:
1. Inspect ductwork, randomly selected by Engineer, by removing field-applied jacket and

insulation in layers in reverse order of their installation.
D. All insulation applications will be considered defective Work if sample inspection reveals
noncompliance with requirements.
3.11 DUCT INSULATION SCHEDULE, GENERAL
A. Plenums and Ducts Requiring Insulation:
1. Indoor, concealed supply and outdoor air.

2. Indoor, exposed supply and outdoor air.
3. Indoor, concealed return located in unconditioned space.
4. Indoor, exposed return located in unconditioned space.
5. Indoor, concealed exhaust between isolation damper and penetration of building exterior.
6. Indoor, exposed exhaust between isolation damper and penetration of building exterior.
7. Outdoor, concealed supply and return.
8. Outdoor, exposed supply and return.
B. Items Not Insulated:
1. Fibrous-glass ducts.
2. Metal ducts with duct liner of sufficient thickness to comply with energy code and
ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1.
3. Factory-insulated flexible ducts.
4. Factory-insulated plenums and casings.
5. Flexible connectors.
6. Vibration-control devices.
7. Factory-insulated access panels and doors.
3.12 INDOOR DUCT AND PLENUM INSULATION SCHEDULE
A. Concealed, round and flat-oval, supply-air duct insulation shall be one of the following:
1. Flexible Elastomeric: 38 mm thick.

2. Mineral-Fiber Blanket: 50 mm thick and 24-kg/cu. m nominal density.
B. Concealed, round and flat-oval, return-air duct insulation shall be one of the following:

C. Concealed, round and flat-oval, outdoor-air duct insulation shall be one of the following:

D. Concealed, round and flat-oval, exhaust-air duct insulation shall be one of the following:

E. Concealed, rectangular, supply-air duct insulation shall be one of the following:

2. Mineral-Fiber Blanket: 50 mm and 24-kg/cu. m nominal density.
3. Mineral-Fiber Board: 50 mm and 96-kg/cu. m nominal density.
F. Concealed, rectangular, return-air duct insulation shall be one of the following:

G. Concealed, rectangular, outdoor-air duct insulation shall be one of the following:

H. Concealed, rectangular, exhaust-air duct insulation between isolation damper and penetration of
building exterior shall be one of the following:

I. Concealed, supply-air plenum insulation shall be one of the following:

J. Concealed, return-air plenum insulation shall be one of the following:

K. Concealed, outdoor-air plenum insulation shall be one of the following:

L. Concealed, exhaust-air plenum insulation shall be one of the following:

M. Exposed, round and flat-oval, supply-air duct insulation shall be one of the following:

3. Mineral-Fiber Board: 50 mm thick and 96-kg/cu. m nominal density.
N. Exposed, round and flat-oval, return-air duct insulation shall be one of the following:

O. Exposed, round and flat-oval, outdoor-air duct insulation shall be one of the following:

P. Exposed, round and flat-oval, exhaust-air duct insulation shall be one of the following:

Q. Exposed, rectangular, supply-air duct insulation shall be one of the following:

R. Exposed, rectangular, return-air duct insulation shall be one of the following:

S. Exposed, rectangular, outdoor-air duct insulation shall be one of the following:

T. Exposed, rectangular, exhaust-air duct insulation shall be one of the following:

U. Exposed, supply-air plenum insulation shall be one of the following:

V. Exposed, return-air plenum insulation shall be one of the following:

W. Exposed, outdoor-air plenum insulation shall be[ one of] the following:

X. Exposed, exhaust-air plenum insulation shall be[ one of] the following:

3.13 INDOOR, FIELD-APPLIED JACKET SCHEDULE
A. Install jacket over insulation material. For insulation with factory-applied jacket, install the
field-applied jacket over the factory-applied jacket.
B. If more than one material is listed, selection from materials listed is Contractor's option.
C. Ducts and Plenums, Concealed:
1. None.
2. Aluminum, Smooth: 0.81 mm thick.
3. Stainless Steel Type 316, Smooth 2B Finish 0.61 mm thick.
D. Ducts and Plenums, Exposed:
1. None.
2. Aluminum, Smooth: 0.81 mm thick.
3. Stainless Steel Type 316, Smooth 2B Finish 0.61 mm thick.
END OF SECTION 230713

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Copyright 2018 AIA MasterSpec Full Length 03/18

SECTION 230713 - DUCT INSULATION

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Section includes insulating the following duct services:

1. Indoor, concealed supply and outdoor air.

1. Section 230716 "HVAC Equipment Insulation."

1.3 ACTION SUBMITTALS

B. Sustainable Design Submittals:

DUCT INSULATION 230713 - 1

1. Sheet Form Insulation Materials: 300 mm square.

1.4 INFORMATIONAL SUBMITTALS

A. Qualification Data: For qualified Installer.

C. Field quality-control reports.

1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Installer Qualifications: Skilled mechanics who have successfully completed an apprenticeship

B. Surface-Burning Characteristics: For insulation and related materials, as determined by testing

1. Insulation Installed Indoors: Flame-spread index of 25 or less, and smoke-developed

DUCT INSULATION 230713 - 2

a. One 3-m section each of rectangular and round straight duct.

1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Packaging: Insulation material containers shall be marked by manufacturer with appropriate

C. Coordinate installation and testing of heat tracing.

DUCT INSULATION 230713 - 3

2.1 INSULATION MATERIALS

B. Products shall not contain asbestos, lead, mercury, or mercury compounds.

F. Flexible Elastomeric Insulation: Closed-cell, sponge- or expanded-rubber materials. Comply

2.2 FIRE-RATED INSULATION SYSTEMS

A. Fire-Rated Board: Structural-grade, press-molded, xonolite calcium silicate, fireproofing board

DUCT INSULATION 230713 - 4

C. Others. Submit proposals for Engineer’s approval.

C. Mineral-Fiber Adhesive: Comply with MIL-A-3316C, Class 2, Grade A.

E. PVC Jacket Adhesive: Compatible with PVC jacket.

DUCT INSULATION 230713 - 5

Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions from Indoor Sources Using Environmental

2.4 MASTICS AND COATINGS

A. Materials shall be compatible with insulation materials, jackets, and substrates.

2.5 LAGGING ADHESIVES

DUCT INSULATION 230713 - 6

A. FSK and Metal Jacket Flashing Sealants:

DUCT INSULATION 230713 - 7

and Evaluation of Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions from Indoor

2.7 FACTORY-APPLIED JACKETS

A. Insulation system schedules indicate factory-applied jackets on various applications. When

2.8 FIELD-APPLIED FABRIC-REINFORCING MESH

B. Woven Polyester Fabric: Approximately 34 g/sq. m with a thread count of 4 strands by 4

2.9 FIELD-APPLIED CLOTHS

2.10 FIELD-APPLIED JACKETS

B. FSK Jacket: Aluminum-foil-face, fiberglass-reinforced scrim with kraft-paper backing.

C. PVC Jacket: High-impact-resistant, UV-resistant PVC complying with ASTM D1784,

DUCT INSULATION 230713 - 8

1. Adhesive: As recommended by jacket material manufacturer.

C. Aluminum-Foil Tape: Vapor-retarder tape with acrylic adhesive.

DUCT INSULATION 230713 - 9

B. Insulation Pins and Hangers:

1. Capacitor-Discharge-Weld Pins: Copper- or zinc-coated steel pin, fully annealed for

2. Cupped-Head, Capacitor-Discharge-Weld Pins: Copper- or zinc-coated steel pin, fully

3. Metal, Adhesively Attached, Perforated-Base Insulation Hangers: Baseplate welded to

4. Nonmetal, Adhesively Attached, Perforated-Base Insulation Hangers: Baseplate fastened

5. Self-Sticking-Base Insulation Hangers: Baseplate welded to projecting spindle that is

6. Insulation-Retaining Washers: Self-locking washers formed from 0.41-mm thick,