📊 What Is Research Design?

Research Design is a structured plan that helps you:

 Identify what information you need.

 Decide how to collect that information.
 Determine how to analyze the data to answer your research questions.

It ensures your research is organized, logical, and accurate.

🚀 Key Features of Quantitative Research Design:

1. Objective: To measure variables using numbers and statistics.

2. Structured Tools: Uses surveys, questionnaires, or experiments.
3. Statistical Analysis: Data is analyzed using mathematical formulas.

🔑 Types of Quantitative Research Design:

1. Descriptive Research Design

o Purpose: To describe characteristics of a population.
o Example: “How many hours do Grade 12 students spend on social media
daily?”
o Tool: Surveys or questionnaires.
2. Correlational Research Design
o Purpose: To find out if there’s a relationship between two variables.
o Example: “Is there a relationship between social media usage and academic
performance?”
o Tool: Questionnaires and statistical correlation tests.
3. Quasi-Experimental Research Design
o Purpose: To compare groups to see if an intervention has an effect.
o Example: “Does limiting social media improve students’ grades?”
o Note: No random assignment, but groups are compared.
4. Experimental Research Design (Advanced)
o Purpose: To determine cause-and-effect relationships.
o Example: “If students are banned from social media for a week, will their study
habits improve?”
o Note: Involves control and experimental groups
 Respondents of the Study

1. Start with a Simple Definition

"Who are the respondents?"

Explain that respondents are the people who participate in a research study by providing data
through surveys, interviews, or other means. They are the source of the information needed to
answer the research questions.

Example:
"In our study, the respondents are the Grade 12 students of IVG Educational Institute Inc. They
answered the questionnaires to help us understand how social media affects academic
performance."

2. Importance of Respondents in Research

Emphasize why respondents are important:

 They provide real-life data that researchers analyze.

 Without respondents, researchers wouldn’t have any information to study.

Example:
"Imagine trying to find out how social media affects grades without asking any students. We
wouldn’t have any data to analyze! That’s why respondents are crucial."

3. Explain the Selection Process (Sampling)

Introduce the concept of sampling because researchers can’t ask everyone in the population, so
they select a sample—a smaller group that represents the whole.

 Purposive Sampling:
Explain that in this case, the researchers used purposive sampling, meaning they
specifically chose students who fit the study’s criteria (e.g., active social media users).

Example:
"We didn’t randomly choose students. Instead, we picked Grade 12 students because they’re the
ones whose academic performance we wanted to study in relation to social media."
4. Provide the Details of the Respondents

Mention the specific details from the study:

 Total Respondents: 20 students

 Breakdown: 14 girls and 6 boys

 Target Group: Grade 12 students from the ACAD and TVL sections

Example:
"In this study, 20 Grade 12 students participated—14 girls and 6 boys. They were chosen
because they actively use social media, which helps us get accurate data on its effects."

5. Why This Group Was Chosen

Help students understand why this specific group was selected:

 They are the right age group for the study topic.

 They are actively using social media, making their responses relevant.

 Their academic performance can be easily observed or measured.

Example:
"We focused on Grade 12 students because they’re preparing for college, and managing their
time well is critical. Their academic performance is important, so we wanted to see if social
media is helping or distracting them."
 Research Instrument
1. What is a Research Instrument?

Start with a simple definition:

A research instrument is the tool or method used to collect data from respondents. In
quantitative research, this usually involves tools that can measure variables and produce
numerical data.

Examples of Research Instruments in Quantitative Research:

 Questionnaires/Surveys (most common)

 Tests or Assessments

 Structured Observation Checklists

 Scales (e.g., Likert Scale, Rating Scale)

2. Why is the Research Instrument Important?

Explain to students that the instrument:

 Gathers the data needed to answer the research questions.

 Ensures that the data is reliable (consistent results) and valid (accurately measures what
it’s supposed to measure).

 Helps in quantifying responses, making statistical analysis possible.

3. Example Based on the Provided Study

In the study you've shown, the researchers used a questionnaire as the research instrument.
Here’s how to explain it:

A. The Questionnaire

 A questionnaire is a set of written questions that respondents answer.

 It is designed to collect data about people’s opinions, behaviors, or knowledge.

 In this case, the questionnaire was used to measure students’ social media usage and its
impact on academic performance.

B. Structure of the Questionnaire

  10 Questions/Items related to social media habits and academic effects.

 Closed-ended questions to get specific, measurable responses.

 Each question relates to a key variable (e.g., time spent on social media, effects on study
habits).

4. The 5-Point Likert Scale

Explain the Likert Scale, which is commonly used in questionnaires to measure attitudes or
opinions.

In the study:

 1 = Strongly Agree

 2 = Agree

 3 = Strongly Disagree

 4 = Disagree

 5 = Neutral

This scale allows researchers to quantify how strongly respondents feel about each statement.

Example Question:
"Do you think social media decreases your study hours?"

 A student might select 1 (Strongly Agree) if they believe it greatly affects their study
time.

5. Advantages of Using Questionnaires in Quantitative Research

 Efficient: Can collect data from many people quickly.

 Cost-effective: Inexpensive to produce and distribute.

 Standardized: All respondents answer the same questions, making it easy to compare
responses.

 Quantifiable: Responses can be easily converted into numbers for statistical analysis.

6. Sample Explanation for Students

"In quantitative research, we use research instruments like questionnaires to collect data. For
example, if we want to know how social media affects students' grades, we create a
questionnaire with questions like 'Does social media decrease your study hours?' Students
respond using a 5-point scale from Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree. This helps us turn their
opinions into numbers, which we can analyze to find patterns."
 Data Gathering Procedure in Quantitative Research

🚀 What Is Data Gathering Procedure?

The Data Gathering Procedure explains how you will collect the data needed to answer your
research questions. It includes:

 What tools you’ll use (like surveys or questionnaires)

 Who will provide the data (your respondents)
 How the data will be collected (online, face-to-face, etc.)
 When and where the data collection will happen

It’s important because it ensures your data is reliable, accurate, and valid.

📊 Steps in Data Gathering Procedure:

1. Preparation Stage
o Define the objective: What do you want to find out?
o Choose the respondents: Decide who will participate in the study (e.g., Grade 12
students).
o Select the data collection method: Will you use surveys, questionnaires, or
interviews?
2. Designing Data Collection Tools
o Create structured tools like questionnaires with closed-ended questions (e.g.,
multiple choice, Likert scale).
o Example: “How many hours do you spend on social media daily?” with options
like 1–2 hours, 3–4 hours, etc.
3. Collecting the Data
o Distribute the questionnaires in person or online.
o Make sure respondents understand the questions.
o Set a deadline for submission to stay organized.
4. Verifying Data
o Review the collected responses to ensure they are complete and accurate.
o Remove any incomplete questionnaires to avoid errors in analysis.
5. Organizing the Data for Analysis
o Arrange the data in tables or spreadsheets (like Excel).
o Prepare it for statistical analysis to interpret the results.