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Basic Coding Questions

Basic Coding Questions on Strings:

Basic coding questions on strings often involve tasks such as checking for substring presence, reversing
strings, finding the length of strings, counting occurrences of characters, and so on.

1. Reverse a String
Question: Write a function to reverse a given string.
Code :

function reverseString(str) {
return str.split("").reverse().join("");
}

// Test the function

console.log(reverseString("hello")); // Output: olleh

2. Check Palindrome
Question: Write a function to determine if a string is a palindrome (reads the same forwards
and backwards).
Code :

function isPalindrome(str) {
const reversed = str.split("").reverse().join("");
return str === reversed;
}

// Test the function

console.log(isPalindrome("racecar")); // Output: true
console.log(isPalindrome("hello")); // Output: false

3. Count Vowels
Question: Write a function to count the number of vowels in a string.

Code :
function countVowels(str) {
const vowels = 'aeiou';
let count = 0;
for (let char of str.toLowerCase()) {
if (vowels.includes(char)) {
count++;
}

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}
return count;
}

// Test the function

console.log(countVowels("hello")); // Output: 2

4. Capitalize Words
Question: Write a function to capitalize the first letter of each word in a sentence.
Code :
function capitalizeWords(sentence) {
return sentence.split(" ").map(word => word.charAt(0).toUpperCase()
+ word.slice(1)).join(" ");
}

// Test the function

console.log(capitalizeWords("hello world")); // Output: Hello
World

5. Check Anagrams
Question: Write a function to check if two strings are anagrams of each other.
Code :

function areAnagrams(str1, str2) {

const sortedStr1 = str1.split("").sort().join("");
const sortedStr2 = str2.split("").sort().join("");
return sortedStr1 === sortedStr2;
}

// Test the function

console.log(areAnagrams("listen", "silent")); // Output: true
console.log(areAnagrams("hello", "world")); // Output: false

6. Find Longest Word

Question: Write a function to find the longest word in a sentence.

Code :
function longestWord(sentence) {
const words = sentence.split(" ");
let longest = words[0];
for (let word of words) {
if (word.length > longest.length) {
longest = word;
}

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}
return longest;
}

// Test the function

console.log(longestWord("hello world")); // Output: hello

7. Remove Duplicates
Question: Write a function to remove duplicate characters from a string.

Code :
function removeDuplicates(str) {
let result = "";
for (let char of str) {
if (result.indexOf(char) === -1) {
result += char;
}
}
return result;
}

// Test the function

console.log(removeDuplicates("hello")); // Output: helo

8. Count Characters
Question: Write a function to count the occurrences of each character in a string.
Code:
function countCharacters(str) {
const charCount = {};
for (let char of str) {
charCount[char] = (charCount[char] || 0) + 1;
}
return charCount;
}

// Test the function

console.log(countCharacters("hello")); // Output: { h: 1, e: 1, l: 2,
o: 1 }

9. Replace Spaces
Question: Write a function to replace all spaces in a string with '%20'.

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Code :
function replaceSpaces(str) {
return str.replace(/\s/g, '%20');
}

// Test the function

console.log(replaceSpaces("hello world")); // Output: hello%20world

10. Title Case

Question: Write a function to convert the first letter of each word in a sentence to uppercase.

Code :
function titleCase(sentence) {
return sentence.toLowerCase().replace(/(^|\s)\w/g, (match) =>
match.toUpperCase());
}

// Test the function

console.log(titleCase("hello world")); // Output: Hello World

11. Find Substring

Question: Write a function to check if a substring exists within a given string.

Code :
function hasSubstring(str, substr) {
return str.includes(substr);
}

// Test the function

console.log(hasSubstring("hello world", "world")); // Output: true
console.log(hasSubstring("hello world", "planet")); // Output: false

12. Remove Whitespace

Question: Write a function to remove all whitespace from a string.

Code :
function removeWhitespace(str) {
return str.replace(/\s/g, "");
}

// Test the function

console.log(removeWhitespace("hello world")); // Output: helloworld

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13. Check Subsequence

Question: Write a function to check if a given string is a subsequence of another string.

Code :
function isSubsequence(sub, str) {
let subIndex = 0;
for (let char of str) {
if (char === sub[subIndex]) {
subIndex++;
}
if (subIndex === sub.length) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}

// Test the function

console.log(isSubsequence("abc", "ahbgdc")); // Output: true
console.log(isSubsequence("axc", "ahbgdc")); // Output: false

14. Find First Non-Repeating Character

Question: Write a function to find the first non-repeating character in a string.

Code :
function firstNonRepeatingChar(str) {
const charCount = {};
for (let char of str) {
charCount[char] = (charCount[char] || 0) + 1;
}
for (let char of str) {
if (charCount[char] === 1) {
return char;
}
}
return null;
}

// Test the function

console.log(firstNonRepeatingChar("hello")); // Output: h
console.log(firstNonRepeatingChar("hello world")); // Output: h
console.log(firstNonRepeatingChar("aabbcc")); // Output: null

15. Check Rotation

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Question: Write a function to check if one string is a rotation of another string.

Code :
function isRotation(str1, str2) {
if (str1.length !== str2.length) {
return false;
}
const combinedStr = str1 + str1;
return combinedStr.includes(str2);
}

// Test the function

console.log(isRotation("waterbottle", "erbottlewat")); // Output: true
console.log(isRotation("hello", "world")); // Output: false

16. . Count Words

Question: Write a function to count the number of words in a sentence.

Code :
function countWords(sentence) {
return sentence.split(" ").filter(word => word !== "").length;
}

// Test the function

console.log(countWords("Hello world")); // Output: 2
console.log(countWords("How are you today?")); // Output: 4

Basic Coding Questions on Arrays :

1. Find the sum of all elements in an array:
Code :
function sumArray(arr) {
let sum = 0;
for (let num of arr) {
sum += num;
}
return sum;
}

// Example usage:
const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
console.log(sumArray(numbers)); // Output: 15

2. Find the average of the array elements

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Code :
function averageArray(arr) {
const sum = sumArray(arr);
return sum / arr.length;
}

function sumArray(arr) {
let sum = 0;
for (let num of arr) {
sum += num;
}
return sum;
}
const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
// Example usage:
console.log(averageArray(numbers)); // Output: 3

Checkout JS Fiddle Link

3. Find the maximum and the minimum element in an array
Code :
function findMaxMin(arr) {
let max = arr[0];
let min = arr[0];
for (let num of arr) {
if (num > max) {
max = num;
}
if (num < min) {
min = num;
}
}
return { max, min };
}
const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
// Example usage:
console.log(findMaxMin(numbers)); // Output: { max: 5, min: 1 }

Checkout JS Fiddle Link

4. Check if an array is in sorted order :

Code :
function isSorted(arr) {
for (let i = 0; i < arr.length - 1; i++) {
if (arr[i] > arr[i + 1]) {
return false;

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}
}
return true;
}

const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

// Example usage:
console.log(isSorted(numbers)); // Output: true

Checkout the JS Fiddle Link

5. Find second largest number in an array

Code :

let arr =[1,24,7,33,8,1,33];

function secondLargest(arr){
let secondLargest =arr[0];
let largest = arr[0];
for(let element of arr){
if(largest< element){
secondLargest = largest;
largest = element
} else if(secondLargest < element && element!=largest){
secondLargest = element
}
}
return secondLargest
}
// Example usage

console.log(secondLargest(arr))

Checkout the JS Fiddle Link

6. Pattern Programs – Triangle Right Angle with Numbers -I

Sample :
1
1 2
1 2 3
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5

Code :

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// you can change the input rows based on your need

let rows = 5;

// pattern variable carries the final pattern in string format

let pattern = "";

// outer loop runs for `rows` no. of times

for (let n = 1; n <= rows; n++) {
// inner loop runs for n
for (let num = 1; num <= n; num++) {
pattern += num;
}

// Add a new line character after contents of each line

pattern += "\n";
}
console.log(pattern);

Checkout the JSFiddle Link Below

7. Pattern Programs – Triangle Right Angle with Numbers -II

Sample :

1
2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9 10

Code :
// you can chhanges the input as per as your input
let rows = 4;

// variable contains the next element of the pattern

let variable = 1;

// pattern variable carries the final pattern in string format

let pattern = "";

// outer loop runs for `rows` no. of times

for (let n = 1; n <= rows; n++) {
for (let num = 1; num <= n; num++) {
pattern += variable+" ";
variable++;
}
pattern += "\n";

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}
console.log(pattern);

Checkout JS Fiddle Link

8. Pattern – Reverse Right Angular Triangle – I

Sample :
54321
5432
543
54
5

Code :
// you can change the size of row
let rows = 5;

// pattern variable carries the final pattern in string format

let pattern = "";

// outer loop runs for `rows` no. of times

for (let n = 1; n <= rows; n++) {
for (let num = rows; num >=n; num--) {
pattern += num;
}
pattern += "\n";
}
console.log(pattern);

Checkout JS Fiddle Link

9. Pattern Program – Equilateral Triangle – 1

Sample :
1
123
12345
1234567
123456789

Code :
// you can change the input by re-sizing the rows value
let rows = 5;

// pattern variable carries the final pattern in string format

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let pattern = "";

// outer loop runs for `rows` no. of times

for (let n = 1; n <= rows; n++) {
// Inner Loop - I -> for the spaces
for (let space = 1; space <= rows - n; space++) {
pattern += " ";
}

// Inner Loop - II -> for the numbers

for (let num = 1; num <= 2 * n - 1; num++) {
pattern += num;
}

pattern += "\n";
}
console.log(pattern);

Checkout JS Fiddle Link

10. Print Square Pattern -1

Sample :
*****
*****
*****
*****
*****

Code :

// you can change the input size

let rows = 5;

// pattern variable carries the final pattern in string format

let pattern = "";

// outer loop runs for `rows` no. of times

for (let n = 1; n <= rows; n++) {
// Inner loop for printing stars
for (let num = 1; num <= 5; num++) {
pattern += "*";
}
pattern += "\n";
}

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console.log(pattern);

Checkout the JS Fiddle Link

11. Print Square Pattern -2

Sample :
*****
* *
* *
* *
*****

Code :
// modify value as per the requirement
let rows = 5;

// pattern variable carries the final pattern in string format

let pattern = "";

// outer loop runs for `rows` no. of times

for (let n = 1; n <= rows; n++) {
for (let num = 1; num <= 5; num++) {
// print star only if it is the boundary location
if (n == 1 || n == rows) pattern += "*";
else {
if (num == 1 || num == 5) {
pattern += "*";
} else {
pattern += " ";
}
}
}
pattern += "\n";
}
console.log(pattern);

Checkout the JS Fiddle Link

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