Group6 Statistics

statistics
MOTIVATION:
"Success in statistics, like in life,

isn’t about knowing all the answers—it's
about learning to analyze, adapt, and
find meaning in the data. Every problem
is a chance to discover patterns and
uncover insights that lead to progress."
THINK PAIR SHARE
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Objective: By the end of the lesson,

students will understand the basic
concepts of statistics, including data
types, mean, median, mode, and how to
interpret data.
WHAT IS STATISTICS ?
STATISTICS
is a branch of science, which deals with

collection, presentation, analysis and
interpretation of quantitative data.
BRANCHES OF STATISTICS
Descriptive Statistics
Inferential Statistics
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
Class limits
is the goupings or categories
definned by the lower and upper
limits.
Lower class limits (LL) represents the smallest number in
each group.
Upper class limits (UL) represents the highest number in
each group.
Class size
is the width of each class
interval.
Class Boundaries
are the number use to separate each category
in the frequency distribution but without gaps
created by the class limits.
Class Mark
are the midpoint of the lower and
upper class.
Formula:
STEPS IN CONSTRUCTING FREQUENCY
A.) Compute the value of the range (R) and then
determine the class size (C.I)
B.) Set up the class limits of each class or
category.
C.) Set up the class bounderies if needed.
Use the formula:
D.) Tally the scores in the appropriate
classes.
E.) Find the other parts if necessary such us
class mark, among others.
EXAMPLE:
GRAPHICAL RERESENTATION OF SCORES IN
Histogram: consist of a set of rectangles having

bases on the horizontal axis which centers at
the class marks.
Frequency Polygon: constructed by plotting

the class marks again against the class
frequencies.
HISTOGRAM
EXAMPLE:
Frequency Polygon
DESCRIBING GROUP PERFORMANCE
Two Major Concepts in Describing the Assessed Performance
of the Group:
Measure of Central Tendency

are used to determine the average score
of a group of scores
Measure of Variability
indicate the spread of scores in the group
MEASURES OF
CENTRAL TENDENCY
INSPIRED BY
Measures of Central Tendency
MEAN, MEDIAN AND

MODE OF
UNGRPOUPED
DATA
MEAN
The most commonly used measure of the center of data and
it also referred as the ''arithmetic average''.
a.) Computation of Population Mean
Formula: µ= ∑X/N
Where, ∑X is the summation of data in X and, N is

the count of data in X.
MEAN
B.) Computation of Sample Mean
Formula: x̄ = (Σ xi) / n
Here, x̄ represents the sample mean, Σ tells us to

add, x refers to all the X- values and n stands for
the number of items in the data set.
MEAN
C.) Computation of the Mean for Ungrouped data.
Formula:
Where, x - sample mean, x - sample data point

and n - number of observations.
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
Mean for Ungrouped
Example 1: Scores of 15 students
of Mathematics I quiz consist of
25 items. The highest score is 25
and the lowest score is 10. Here
are the scores: 25, 20, 18, 18, 17,
15, 15, 15, 14, 14, 13, 12, 12, 10, 10.
Find the mean in the following
scores.
Mean for Ungrouped
Example 2: Find the Grade

Point Average (GPA) of
Ritz Glenn for the first
semester of the school
year 2010-2011.
Mean for Ungrouped
WEIGHTED MEAN
Formula:
Where,
∑(x.w) - is the sum of the products formed
by multiplying each number by its
assigned weight,
∑w - is the sum of all weights
Median for Ungrouped
MEDIAN
It is the second type of measure of central tendency.
Median is what divides the scores in the distribution
into two equal parts.
If N is odd number,
If N is even number
EXAMPLE:
1. There are nine students
in a classroom, with
ages 18, 19, 21, 21, 18, 20,
21, 22, and 23.
2.
Ten students got the
following grade in
mathematics 10: 83, 70,
95, 90, 88, 96, 90, 90, 75,
and 85.
Mode: The third measure of central tendency.
The mode or the modal score is a scores
that occurred most in distribution.
Unimodal - consist of only one mode.
Bimodal - consist two modes.
Trimodal - consist of three modes.
Multimodal - consist of more than two

modes.
Mode for Ungrouped
Example 1: Ten students got the
following grade in Science 10: 85, 90,
88, 90, 75, 95, 90, 88, 78, 70.
Example 2: 17, 18, 18, 19, 21, 21,

22, 23.
Mode for Ungrouped
1. Example:
Ten students got the following
grade in mathematics 10: 83, 70,
95, 90, 88, 96, 90, 90, 75, and 85.
x = 90 - in the given data, the number

appeared the most number of times is 90.
The data set said to be UNIMODAL.
Mode for Ungrouped
2. Example:
17, 18, 18, 19, 21, 21, 22, 23.
-Thus, the data set has two modes: 18 and 21.

The data is said to be BIMODAL.
Measure of Central Tendency
MEAN, MEDIAN,
AND MODE OF
GROUPED DATA
Mean for Grouped Data
Grouped data are the data and scores that are arrange
in the frequency distribution.
Frequency distribution is the arrangement of scores

according to category of classes including the frequency
Frequency is the observations of falling in category
Formula used in solving mean for grouped data is called ''midpoint method''.
Formula:
where x =
F=
CM =
∑f . CM =
Steps in Solving Mean for Grouped Data
1. Find the midpoint or class mark (Xm) of

each class or category using the formula
2. Multiply the frequency and the
corresponding class mark fXm.
3. Find the sum of the results in step 2.
4. Solve the mean using the formula x̄ =
Median for Grouped Data
Formula:
where,
Mode for Grouped Data
Formula:
where,
Measure of Position
Measures of Position
It is a number that tells where the scores stands relative to
the others in a set of data.
It is a measure whether is about the average, or whether its

unusually high or low.
It is used for quantitative data that falls on some numerical

scale.
It can be applied to ordinal variables.
QUANTILES FOR
UNGROUPED DATA
Quantiles
Quantiles - A score distribution where the
scores are divided into different equal parts.
Three Kinds of Quantiles

Quartile
Decile
Percentile
Quartiles of Ungrouped Data
The quartiles are the score points which divide a distribution
into four equal parts.
Interquartile Range The difference between Q3 and Q1.

Quartiles of Ungrouped Data
1 Example:
The owner of a coffee shop recorded
the number of costumers who came
into his cafe each hour a day. The
results were 14, 10, 12, 9, 17, 5, 8, 9, 14,
10, and 11. Find the lower quartile and
upper quartile.
Decile of Ungrouped Data
The Decile are the score points which divide a
distribution into ten equal parts.
Percentile of Ungrouped Data
The Percentile are the score points which divide a distribution into
one hundred equal parts.
Percentile Rank
The percentile corresponding to a given value x is
computed by using this formula.
Percentile rank of x =
Example 1.
Fine the percentile rank of a test score of 38 in the data
set, 42, 33, 38, 30, 27, 40, and 49.
Quartiles, Deciles and Percentiles of
Grouped Data
Formula: i = 4 (quartiles)
i = 10 (deciles)
L = Lower boundary i = 100 (percentiles)
n = Total number of observations
cw = class width
cf = cumulative frequency of the preceeding class
f = frequency of the class
Measure of Position
QUANTILES FOR
GROUPED DATA
Quartiles, Deciles and Percentiles of Grouped Data
WELL DONE
Thank You!
Quiz
Question #1
It is the midpoint of the lower and upper

class.
Question #2
A method concerned with collecting, describing,

and analyzing a set of data without drawing
conclusions about a large group.
Question #3
It is constructed by plotting the class marks

against the class frequencies.
Question #4
the arrangement of scores according to category of

classes including the frequency
Question #5
Used to determined the average score of a

group of scores.
Question #6
is a branch of science, which deals with collection,

presentation, analysis and interpretation of
quantitative data.
Question #7
consist of a set of rectangles having bases on the

horizontal axis which centers at the class marks.
Question #8
Indicate the spread of scores in the group.

Question #9
are the score points which divide a

distribution into one hundred equal parts.
Question #10
are the data and scores that are arrange in

the frequency distribution.
QUIZ # 2
STATISTICS
CHAPTER 5
CONTENT
01 ABOUT US

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statistics

"Success in statistics, like in life,

Objective: By the end of the lesson,

is a branch of science, which deals with

Histogram: consist of a set of rectangles having

Frequency Polygon: constructed by plotting

Measure of Central Tendency

MEAN, MEDIAN AND

a.) Computation of Population Mean

Where, ∑X is the summation of data in X and, N is

Here, x̄ represents the sample mean, Σ tells us to

Where, x - sample mean, x - sample data point

Example 2: Find the Grade

Trimodal - consist of three modes.

Multimodal - consist of more than two

Example 2: 17, 18, 18, 19, 21, 21,

x = 90 - in the given data, the number

17, 18, 18, 19, 21, 21, 22, 23.

-Thus, the data set has two modes: 18 and 21.

Frequency distribution is the arrangement of scores

Frequency is the observations of falling in category

1. Find the midpoint or class mark (Xm) of

It is a measure whether is about the average, or whether its

It is used for quantitative data that falls on some numerical

Three Kinds of Quantiles

Interquartile Range The difference between Q3 and Q1.

It is the midpoint of the lower and upper

A method concerned with collecting, describing,

It is constructed by plotting the class marks

the arrangement of scores according to category of

Used to determined the average score of a

is a branch of science, which deals with collection,

consist of a set of rectangles having bases on the

Indicate the spread of scores in the group.

are the score points which divide a

are the data and scores that are arrange in

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