Introduction to Probability and Statistics

Assignment: 01

Topic: Python Fundamentals

Course Code: CSE-251

Date of Submission: 28.11.2024

Submitted by:
Md.Rakibul Islam
Roll: 2134
Session: 2021-22

Submitted to:
Md.Masum Bhuiyan
Lecturer
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Jahangirnagar University

Jahangirnagar University
Savar, Dhaka-1342
Various use of print methods:
Basic Print:

Code:
print("Hellow, World")

output:

Hellow, World

Printing Multiple Items:

Code:
print("Hello", "World", 123)

Output:
Hello World 123

Using sep Parameter:

Code:
print("python", "is", "fun", sep="-")

Output:
python-is-fun

Using end Parameter:

Code:
print("Hello", end=" ")
print("World!")

Output:
Hello World!

Printing Variables:
Code:
 name="alice"
age=25
print("Name:", name,"Age:",age)

Output:
Name: alice Age: 25

Formatted String (f-strings):

Code:
name="Dipu"
age=22
print(f"MY name is {name} and i am {age} years old.")

Output:
MY name is Dipu and i am 22 years old.

Using str.format():

Code:
name="Dipu"
age=22
print("MY name is {} and i am {} years old.".format(name,age))

Output:
MY name is Dipu and i am 22 years old.

Printing Unicode Characters:

Code:
print("Unicode example: 😊, ©, 𝜋")

Output:
print("Unicode example: 😊, ©, 𝜋")

Printing with Escape Characters:

Code:
 print("Hello\nWorld")
print("Tab\tSpace")
print("Backslash: \\")

Output:
Hello
World
Tab Space
Backslash: \
Raw Strings:

Code:
print(r"Path: C:\Users\Name")

Output:
Path: C:\Users\Name

Printing Objects:

Code:
data = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25}
print(data)

Output:
{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}

Printing with Custom Formatting (repr):

Code:
value = 3.14159
print(f"The value is {repr(value)}")

Output:
The value is 3.14159

Variables, data types:

# Integer (int):

Code:
 age=25
print("Age:",age,"Type:",type(age))

Output:
Age: 25 Type: <class 'int'>

Floating-point number (float):

Code:
height = 5.9 print("Height:", height, "Type:", type(height))

output:
Height: 5.9 Type: <class 'float'>

String (str):

code:
name = "Alice"
print("Name:", name, "Type:", type(name))

output:
Name: Alice Type: <class 'str'>

Boolean (bool):

Code:
is_student = True
print("Is Student:", is_student, "Type:", type(is_student))

output:
Is Student: True Type: <class 'bool'>

List:

codet:
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print("Fruits:", fruits, "Type:", type(fruits))

output:
Fruits: ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'] Type: <class 'list'>

Tuple:
 code:
coordinates = (10.5, 25.3)
print("Coordinates:", coordinates, "Type:", type(coordinates))

output:
Coordinates: (10.5, 25.3) Type: <class 'tuple'>

Dictionary:

code:
person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25}
print("Person:", person, "Type:", type(person))

output:
Person: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25} Type: <class 'dict'>

Set:

code:
unique_numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 4}
print("Unique Numbers:", unique_numbers, "Type:", type(unique_numbers))

output:
Unique Numbers: {1, 2, 3, 4} Type: <class 'set'>

Condition and Loops:

If condition:

Code:
x = 10
if x > 5:
print("x is greater than 5")

output:
x is greater than 5

if-else statement:

code:
y=3
 if y % 2 == 0:
print("y is even")
else:
print("y is odd")

output:
y is odd

if-elif-else statement:

code:
z = -1
if z > 0:
print("z is positive")
elif z < 0:
print("z is negative")
else:
print("z is zero")

output:
z is negative

Using logical operators And :

code:
a=7
b = 15
if a > 5 and b > 10:
print("Both conditions are True")

output:
Both conditions are True

Using logical operators OR:

output:
if a < 5 or b > 10:
print("At least one condition is True")

output:
a is not greater than 10
For Loop:

code:
fruits=['apple','banana','cherry','date']
for fruit in fruits:
print(fruit)

output:
apple
banana
cherry
date

Looping using range:

code:
fruits=['apple','banana','cherry','date']
no_of_fruit=len(fruits)
for i in range(no_of_fruit):
print(f"Index{i}:{fruits[i]}")

output:
Index0:apple
Index1:banana
Index2:cherry
Index3:date

Using enumerate:

code:
fruits=['apple','banana','cherry','date']

for index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):

print(f" Index{index}:{fruit}")

output:
Index0:apple
Index1:banana
Index2:cherry
Index3:date

Accessing 2D list:

code:
 nested_list=[['red','blue'],['circle','square'],['cat','dog']]
for sublist in nested_list:
for item in sublist:
print(item,end=' ')
print()

output:
red
blue
circle
square
cat
dog

Looping Reverse order:

Code:
fruits=['apple','banana','cherry','date']
for fruit in reversed(fruits):
print(fruit)

output:
date
cherry
banana
apple

using zip to iterate two lists:

Code:
fruits=['apple','banana','cherry','date']
colors=['red','yellow','pink','brown']
for fruit,color in zip(fruits,colors):
print(f"the color of {fruit} is {color}")

output:
the color of apple is red
the color of banana is yellow
the color of cherry is pink
the color of date is brown

Use While loop:

Code:
Fruits=[‘apple’,’banana’,’cherry’]
 index = 0
while index < len(fruits):
print(fruits[index])
index += 1

Output:
apple
banana
cherry

continue:

Code:

for i in range(10):
if i == 7:
continue
print("The Number is :" , i)

Output:

The Number is : 0
The Number is : 1
The Number is : 2
The Number is : 3
The Number is : 4
The Number is : 5
The Number is : 6
The Number is : 8
The Number is : 9

Python Data Structur:

Tuple declare and print:

Code:
my_tuple = (
"joe",
"USA",
"Software Engineer",
12000,
["c/c++","Java","Python"]
 )
print(my_tuple)

output:
('joe', 'USA', 'Software Engineer', 12000, ['c/c++', 'Java', 'Python'])

Accessing tuple element:

Code:
my_tuple = (
"joe",
"USA",
"Software Engineer",
12000,
["c/c++","Java","Python"]
)
print(my_tuple[0])

output:
'Joe'

Slicing tuple:

code:
my_tuple = (
"joe",
"USA",
"Software Engineer",
12000,
["c/c++","Java","Python"]
)
print(my_tuple[1:3])

output:
‘USA’
‘Software Enigineer’

tuple unpacking :
 Code:
my_tuple = (
"joe",
"USA",
"Software Engineer",
12000,
["c/c++","Java","Python"]
)
name,country,profession,salary,favourite_language=my_tuple
print(name)
print(profession)
print(salary)

output:
joe
Software Engineer
12000

Dictionary:

Code:
employee ={
"Name":"joe",
"Country":"USA",
"Profession":"SoftwareEngineer",
"Salary":12000,
"Favourite Language":["c/c++","java","Python"]

}
print(employee)

'''Accessing dictionary element'''

print(employee['Favourite Language'])

'''add an item'''

employee["Age"] = 38

print(employee)

'''Delete an item'''
 del employee["Age"]

print(employee)

'''Access the dictionary item'''

employee.items()

""" Access the dictionary keys """

employee.keys()

""" Access the dictionary values """

employee.values()

""" Looping dictionary items """

for key, value in employee.items():

print(key, value)

Output:
{'Name': 'joe', 'Country': 'USA', 'Profession': 'SoftwareEngineer', 'Salary': 12000, 'Favourite
Language': ['c/c++', 'java', 'Python']}

['c/c++', 'java', 'Python']

{'Name': 'joe', 'Country': 'USA', 'Profession': 'SoftwareEngineer', 'Salary': 12000, 'Favourite

Language': ['c/c++', 'java', 'Python'], 'Age': 38}

{'Name': 'joe', 'Country': 'USA', 'Profession': 'SoftwareEngineer', 'Salary': 12000, 'Favourite

Language': ['c/c++', 'java', 'Python']}

Name joe
Country USA
Profession SoftwareEngineer
Salary 12000
Favourite Language ['c/c++', 'java', 'Python']

List:

code:
favourite_language=['c/c++','java','python']
print(favourite_language)
 output:
['c/c++', 'java', 'python']

Code full:

'''accessing element'''
print(favourite_language[1])

Output:
java

[1, 2, 3]
6
[[4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
[4, 5, 6]
6
[[4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
[7, 8, 9]
6
[[4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]

lenght of list:

Code:
favourite_language=['c/c++','java','python']
print(len(favourite_language))

output:
3

Find last element:

Code:
favourite_language=['c/c++','java','python']

print(favourite_language[len(favourite_language)-1])

output:
 python

output:

python

slicing list:

Code:
favourite_language=['c/c++','java','python']
print(favourite_language[:])

output:

['c/c++', 'java', 'python']

add element to list:

Code:

favourite_language=['c/c++','java','python']
favourite_language.append('javaScript')

output:

['c/c++', 'java', 'python 3', 'javaScript']

update element:

code:
favourite_language=['c/c++','java','python']
favourite_language[2]='python 3'
print(favourite_language)

Output:
javaScript
Remove the last Element:

Code:
favourite_language=['c/c++','java','python']
last_element=favourite_language.pop()
print(last_element)

Output:
None

clear Entire list:

Code:
favourite_language=['c/c++','java','python']
print(favourite_language.clear())

output:

List Method:
number=[4,2,8,5,2]
print(number)

[4, 2, 8, 5, 2]

Count frequency of an item:

Code:
number=[4,2,8,5,2]
print(number.count(2))

output:
2

Index of item:

code:
 number=[4,2,8,5,2]
print(number.index(8))

output:
2

sort list ,ReverseList, and Copy List:

Code:
number=[4,2,8,5,2]
number.sort()
print(number)
number.reverse()
print(number)
number_copy=number.copy()
print(number_copy)

output:

[2, 2, 4, 5, 8]
[8, 5, 4, 2, 2]
[8, 5, 4, 2, 2]

2D List, Looping in 2D list, Access a 2D list, and matrix slicing:

Code:
matrix=[
[1,2,3],
[4,5,6],
[7,8,9]
]
for row in matrix:
print(row)

Output:
 [1, 2, 3]
[4, 5, 6]
[7, 8, 9]

Code:

matrix=[
[1,2,3],
[4,5,6],
[7,8,9]
]print(matrix[1][2])

print(matrix[1:3])

Functions, Exceptions:

Code:
def square(x):
return x*x
def cube(x):
return x*x*x
print(square(5))
def multiply(x,y):
return x*y
print(multiply(2,3))

Output:
25
6

Modules:

Code:
import math
num=25
print(f"Square root of {num}:{math.sqrt(num)}")
print(f"Factorial of 5:{math.factorial(5)}")

Output:
Square root of 25:5.0
Factorial of 5:120
Lambda Functions :
Code:

double= lambda x: x*2

print(f"Doube of 5 is :{double(5)}")

output:
Double of 5 is: 10

File Handling: Write to a File:

Code:
file_path = "sample.txt"
with open(file_path, "w") as file:
file.write("This is a sample text written to the file.\n")
file.write("Python File Handling is easy!\n")

print(f"Data has been written to {file_path}.")

Output:
Data has been written to sample.txt.

File Handling: Reading from a File:

Code:
file_path = "sample.txt"
try:
with open(file_path, "r") as file:
content = file.read()
print("File Content:\n")
print(content)
except FileNotFoundError:
print(f"File {file_path} not found.")

Output:
This is a sample text written to the file.
Python File Handling is easy!

Exception Handling:
code:
def divide_number(a,b):
try:
result=a/b
except ZeroDivisionError:
return "Error:Divission by Zero is not allower."
except TypeError:
return "Error:Invalid input type."
return result
print(divide_number(3,5))
print(divide_number(3,0))
print(divide_number('a',5))

Output:
0.6
Error:Divission by Zero is not allower.
Error:Invalid input type.