JIMMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Declaration
It is clear that a theoretical knowledge supported by practice and observation is vital tool to become a
good professional in any field. One way of practicing and observation is the internship program. The
program being in the curriculum has helped students much more than just simple practice and
observation. The curriculum being practiced in recent years has made students better in experiencing the
real world, giving insight of what is waiting after graduation and filling the gap that only theory can’t do.
The program has 25 credit hour worth value.

We declare that this report is our own work which contains all things including our experience,
observation and achievements during our three months stay at andualem. This report details real world
activities and facts that we witnessed and undertook throughout our three month internship.

Student name
1.aberham getachew

2.aberham wojo

3.besufekad

4.melkamu leul

5.kidanemariyam melkamu

6.yabsera
 JIMMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
First of all we would like to praise the almighty GOD for all the time in my internship experience. We
would like to Acknowledge Jimma University Institute of Technology Department of civil Engineering
for providing such kind of opportunity for students to stretch their understanding on how a given work is
carried out on their respective field of studies, which is building construction in our case. We also would
like to express our deep gratitude to the university industry linkage office for organizing the whole
internship program and its effort to make sure that the whole internship programs achieves its desired
goals. We have great thanks to our site engineer tadele for his guiding, supporting and showing site
works. Finally, we have great thanks and love to our friends and partners who help us in the whole
internship program.
 JIMMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Executive Summary
An internship is a short-term, mentored work experience related to a student’s major field that allows
the student to bridge from academic study to industrial application. Internships provide real world
experience to those looking to explore or gain the relevant knowledge and skills required to enter into a
particular career field. Internships are relatively short term in nature with the primary focus on getting
some on the job training and taking what’s learned in the classroom and applying it to the real world.

Being a 4th year student at Jimma University, forces us to enroll into an internship program with an
extended period of three months. Accordingly we was able to carry out our internship program at
andualem building contractor at Jimma,.... Site work Project. This report discuss our overall internship
experience for last three months. It has four main portions. The first chapter discusses the company’s
brief profile, its main products and services, main customers and end users and organization work flow.

The second chapter focuses on our overall internship experience. It accompanies different portions, such
as: how We gain the company, general introduction, which section and what types of work We was
performing, procedures taken and my performance in the tasks we was asked to do, observations from
different point of views and the challenges that both We and the project have been faced together with
measures taken to overcome.

The third chapter discusses the overall benefits we gained in terms of improving our practical skills;
theoretical knowledge; communication and leadership skills etc…from the internship program.

The last chapter involves conclusion and suggests some recommendation that the company and the
university should take in regard to some technical errors that we have witnessed on that. And we have put
our conclusion on the whole internship experience

Table of Contents
Declaration........................................................................................................................................................... 1
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS....................................................................................................................................2
Executive Summary............................................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER ONE.................................................................................................................................................8
1.1 INTRODUCTIN AND COMPANY BACKGROUND.........................................................................................8
1.1.1 Vision of the company.......................................................................................................................8
1.1.2 Mission of the company.....................................................................................................................8
1.1.3 Values of the company......................................................................................................................8
CHAPTER TWO..............................................................................................................................................11
OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE................................................................................................11
2.1 How we get in to the Company..............................................................................................................11
 JIMMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

2.2 The Different Parties Involved In the Construction............................................................................11

2.3 Site Activity.............................................................................................................................................12
2.3.1 Formwork construction for slab, beam, column and shear wall.................................................12
2.3.2 Bar works.........................................................................................................................................15
2.3.3 Scaffolding work..............................................................................................................................19
2.3.4 Concrete Work................................................................................................................................20
2.4 Challenges Faced in the Site..................................................................................................................24
2.5 Measures Taken......................................................................................................................................25
Chapter Three...................................................................................................................................................26
OVERALL BENEFITS FROM THE INTERNSHIP...............................................................................26
3.1 Improving our Practical Skills..............................................................................................................26
3.2 In terms of Upgrading Theoretical Knowledge....................................................................................27
3.3 In terms of Improving our Interpersonal Communication Skill........................................................27
3.4 Improving our Team playing skills.......................................................................................................27
3.5 Improving our Leadership skills...........................................................................................................28
3.6 Understanding Work ethics related issues...........................................................................................28
CHAPTER FOUR............................................................................................................................................30
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS........................................................................................30
4.1 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................................30
4.2. Recommendation...................................................................................................................................30
4.2.1 Recommendation for the company................................................................................................30
4.2.2 Recommendation for the university...............................................................................................30
REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................................32
Appendices........................................................................................................................................................ 33
JIMMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTIN AND COMPANY BACKGROUND
1.1.1 Vision of the company
The vision of the Company is to build an international standard construction company and
engage in large multi-million Birr heavy construction projects and there by contribute its share in
the development of the infrastructure of Ethiopia.

 To satisfy the housing demand in Ethiopia.

1.1.2 Mission of the company

The Mission of the company is To meet the high demand for housing in Ethiopia, by building high-
quality and cost effective houses, by applying an efficient and effective system to transfer them fairly, to
increase the benefits of the city's residents.

1.1.3 Values of the company

 Quality home delivery

 Cost efficiency

 Paying attention to environmental protection and safety at work

 Customer oriented and respectful

 Fairness

 Transparency

 Accountability

Project organization and work flow Any project no matter how big or small the scale requires a well
put together organization and work flow that is suitable to nature of the project. This may depend on:

 The time required to finish the project

 The number employees involved

 The scale of project

 The type of the project

 The location of the project site

 External factors
Project manager:

He Controls the overall activities being undertaken in the site. He organizes different components of the
site and assigns different professionals such as Engineers, Forman and others to the components. Project
manager controls and allocates different resources to the various sections of the site. Among these he
deciding on how much workers should be included under each Engineer or under each Forman, deciding
on monthly budget and distribution of budget, Deciding on the distribution of construction materials
through different components .He organizes and prepares meetings with different stake holders in the
site . By doing so one can evaluate the performances of the site, Discuss on problems and create ideas on
how to solve those problems, talk about the future plans and schedules.

Site engineer:

Site engineer in construction has a responsibility to make sure that the work is implemented based on the
design and based on specifications used by the company. He communicates with the office engineers and
construction engineer if the design has to be modified and orders the general Forman to make it
implemented. He visits the site on day to day basis for the purpose of making sure that the work is
flowing as planned.

Office Engineer: - collect data on the site from data collector or surveyor and compile these data and
make report to the Project manager and make detail drawings to be easy for construction and installations
and provides them to the concerned section.

Electrician: - carry out the electrical works for the temporary offices and install the electrical conduits,
wires, lighting protection and so on which relate to electrical installation of the new building.

Foreman:

Acts as an agent’s right hand man for the execution of the work in the field, his duty being to keep the
work moving ahead daily as the agent has planned it. The foreman has much authority on site and since
long experience of construction any junior engineer could learn lot.

Capo (Gung chief)

Capo controls the distribution of labors throughout the site. He also controls the number of labors at each
work place, transfer of labors from one place to another, whether or not labors are performing their work
properly. He also assigns different workers at the proper place. The Forman has the power to give
allowance to the workers to stop work and go home at the time of sickness or any other occasions.

Administrator

Administer the workers (employees), takes care of the employment of nworking performance and
punctuality of the workers with the time keeper.

Finance

Takes care of monthly salary (fee) of the employees, finance the purchasing of requested materials.
Store keepers: controls the amount and type of material of the construction Entering and leaving from the
store by preparing some forms.

Data collectors:

Collect the daily data about the work being done like the type, the executed amount, the different
materials and equipment’s used to execute the work, and also the different trade labors participated on the
specific work.
CHAPTER TWO
OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE
2.1 How we get in to the Company
Internship program for civil engineering student lead by Jimma institute of technology is one part of
education aimed at improving the student`s practical skill. The civil engineering office gives the mandate
of choosing company for three month practice to the students. After taking the application form the office
we compare different company`s which may be good for us to get better things at internship period.

We began directly applying the internship application to different companies but it was not easy to be
accepted. Companies we sent a request letters said that they have already other students, not right time to
request and to wait for their decision. It was a bit stress full until we found. After asking for a few
Companies, we finally got acceptance from a company named andualem zeleke abate we started working
in the site in the month of..... 2024 G.C

2.2 The Different Parties Involved In the Construction

 The owner /client/

 The Consultant with his Engineers, drafts man and estimator.

 The Contractor/ builder/

The Owner/client/
The owner should have to provide the approved site plan and site design for construction. Deal
with different parties for the finance. Should bring a written proposal or ideal imaginary
ambition what he intends to do on the site.

In our case the owner of the project is

Consultant
Creating an ideal built environment by providing well designed and executed spaces for specific
human activities & desirable environment for the efficient performance of those activities of the
proposal by giving professional advice being on the client side. In this project the consultant on the client
side is......Construction PLC.

 Presentation of Architectural drawing.

 Working drawings /structural, Sanitary, Electrical etc.

 Cost estimation and tender document preparation.

 Periodic supervision of the project & approve payment for the contractor being on the client side.
The Contractor/Builder

The contractor implement the construction activities by employing different professionals like project
manager, office engineer, Site engineer and skill worker like Forman, Laborer, masons, carpenters,
plumbers, machine operators etc.

In this project the contractor who implements the construction activity of the project is called andualem
construction plc.

General overview of the project:

Owner: ..................................axion

Consultant: ......................engineer bahr

Contractor: .......................andualem

Project: .............................engineer Bahr building construction

Location:...........................jimma at the center of merkato

2.3 Site Activity

Super structure activity
2.3.1 Formwork construction for slab, beam, column and shear wall.

Formwork was provided to produce hardened concrete to the lines levels and shapes shown on the
drawings or specified elsewhere. The formwork had adequate strength to carry all applied loads,
including the pressure of fresh concrete, vibration loads, weight of workers and equipment, without loss
of shape. Forms were mortar tights designed to allow removal without risk of damage to the completed
structure. Materials used for formwork were sound and suitable for the purpose intended and surface
finish specified. The formworks were provided with firm support of fittings, bolts, anchorages.
Temporary fittings used for the support of the formwork were arranged to permit removal without
damage to the concrete. The formwork construction had permitted accurate erection and easy stripping
without shock, disturbance or damage to the cast concrete.

 Proper selection of formwork has greater influence:

 On reducing materials and labour cost,

 Improving the quality of the produced concrete and

 Saving time leading to smooth running of the projects.

Types of formwork used on the site are;

1. Ply wood
 Ensures quality surface finish and is especially recommended in works where large exposed areas
of the concrete are to be constructed such as floor slab, faces of retaining and shear walls, etc.

 Use a releasing agent like plastic sheet on plywood surface to

 Facilitate the removal of the formwork.

 Prevent the concrete adhering to the face of the formwork.

2.Steel panel
Although steel shuttering costs more initially, it may work out to be economical in the long run due to its
large number of reuses.

The advantage of steel formwork

 It is stronger, more durable and has longer life.

 It can be put to sufficient large number of reuses.

 It can be installed and dismantled with greater ease and speed.

 The quality of exposed concrete surface obtained by use of steel form is excellent and most of the
time it need no further treatment.

There is no danger of the formwork absorbing water from the concrete and hence the chances honey
combing are minimized.

They are not liable to shrink or distort and hence it is possible to achieve better workmanship and higher
accuracy by use of steel

Treatment of formworks before use

 The formwork should be cleaned of rubbish particles.

 All surfaces of timber that are to come in contact with concrete should be well wetted with water.

 All surface of shuttering should be given a good coating of releasing agent.

 After removal clean panels and store them at a safe place so that they can be reused. Strip
formworks as soon as it is safe in order to facilitate maximum reuse of forms. Striping
(dismantling) time of formworks for different structural parts differ.

 Columns &shear walls ............16 hours

 Slabs.........................................28 days, and

 Beams .....................................28 days

 Where work cannot safely be done on or from the ground or from part of a building or other permanent
structure, a safe and suitable scaffold shall be provided and maintained or other equally safe and suitable
provisions should be made. It is essential that scaffolds should be provided with safe means of access,
such as stairs, ladders or ramps.

Steps to construct

 First Christy was erected along where the axis beam passes at 60 cm spacing.

 Then ponte also erected all over the area with the spacing of 60 cm.

 Modni was laid at the top of erected pontes before plywood or panel laid.

 Sponda was prepared along both sides of beam axis with beam width axis.

N.B all the above words are used by carpenters and other workers in the site.

Figure 1: Formwork Slab

Figure 2: Formwork Beam

2.3.2 Bar works

 Bar work in construction typically refers to the installation and placement of reinforcing bars, also
known as rebar, in concrete structures. Rebar is used to provide additional strength and support to
concrete elements such as foundations, columns, beams, and slabs.

The process of bar work involves cutting, bending, and placing steel bars according to the design
specifications. This requires knowledge of construction drawings and an understanding of the structural
requirements. Bar workers use various tools such as rebar cutters, benders, and tying machines to perform
their tasks efficiently.

Some common responsibilities of bar workers in construction include:

 Reading and interpreting construction drawings to determine the required size, length, and
placement of rebar.

 Cutting rebar using saws or shears to match the specified dimensions.

 Bending rebar using manual or hydraulic benders to achieve the desired shape.

 Placing rebar within formwork or on chairs at the correct depth and spacing.

 Tying rebar together using wire or mechanical tying tools to create a secure reinforcement
network.

 Checking alignment and positioning of rebar during installation to ensure compliance with design
requirements.

 Collaborating with other construction workers such as concrete finishers or carpenters to

coordinate tasks effectively.

Bar cut off and bending: It is a common practice either to cut off bar when they are no longer required
to resist stress according to the plan and bend up bottom steel, so that it provides tensile reinforcement at
the top of the beam over the support, which is used to anchor the concrete and increase the bond between
reinforcement and the concrete. Bending of reinforcement steel will be in either two sides or one side.

Positive bars: These kinds of bars are mainly used to resist the positive moment. This moment is mostly
developed at the mid span on the beams and these positive bars are placed at the mid span.

Negative bars: these are bars used to resist negative moment. Most of the time they are found at the
support of the beams. They are placed on 1/3 of span length from the center of the column to top, where
bending moment is maximum.

Stirrups: Stirrups Serve as shear reinforcement and are tied on longitudinal reinforcement to provide
resistance against outward buckling. Most of the time we were used 6 and 8 bars for stirrups.

Longitudinal reinforcement: Reinforcement placed to resist moment created by flexure, torsion, vertical
load and it also support shear reinforcement and other force longitudinally. To resist this all stress created
by different load the longitudinal reinforcement is guided by the stirrup. Longitudinal

reinforcement provides resistance to compressive and tensile loads with concrete.

Mesh reinforcements: This is the type of reinforcement used to prevent crack developed by settlement,
temperature change, shrinkage, expansion and other factor.

A. Bar works for column

A column is a vertical structural member that supports axial compressive loads, chiefly in buildings. It
is used to transmit the load of the structure to the foundation. Columns are typically used in conjunction
with beams and slabs to form a building’s structural framework. Based on the way in which the bar is
provided, the reinforcing bars can also be classified as stirrups or main reinforcements. Longitudinal
reinforcements are provided to resist bending or flexure in most structures but they may also be provided

stress. On our site, ∅16, ∅20 Ø24mm reinforcements were used for longitudinal and Ø10mm is used for
to resist compression in double reinforced members. On the other side stirrups are used to resist shear

stirrups.

B. Bar works for beam

The longitudinal reinforcement bars in beam allows resisting flexure and the stirrup allows resisting

placed. The reinforcement bar size was used in beams is diameter of Ø8, ∅10, ∅12 for stirrup Ø16, ∅20
shear. In site the rebar of the beam placement was started after the formwork of slab and beams were

for longitudinal bar and ∅16 bar for U-bar. During placement the bottom bar was overlapped at the
support and top bar overlapped at the middle of the span, and Negative bar provided at 1/3 from the

support. Since the tension force is at the top of the support and at the bottom of the middle part. Beams
are members that resist loads by means of internal moments and shear forces. There are two categories of
beams depending on their positions. These are grade beams and upper floor beams. As their name
implies, the upper floor beams are the beams found above the ground surface. The reinforcement overlaps
to the bottom at the support of the beam because at the Support tension is above the neutral axis. The
reinforcement overlaps to the top at the mid span because at the mid span tension is below the neutral
axis. During the arrangement of reinforcement for the construction of beam we have three different type
of reinforcement bars.
Figure 3: Beam

Solid slab: - The type of slab used is solid slab, its reinforcement bar of ∅8, Ø10, Ø12, ∅14, ∅16 for floor
C. Bar works for slab and car ramp

slab. During slab reinforcement was placed, first the bottom bar in two (x and y) direction laid then,
reinforcement bar has been tied by wire to keep in position. The top (negative) reinforcement bar of the
slab has been placed up to one-third of the span length. The reinforcement bar was lift up by spacers
(clear cover blocks) in order to provide a clear cover for them and preventing sagging of bars

D.Lap Length
Lap length is the overlap length of bars tied to extend the reinforcement bars when the bars are not
enough to cover the whole part of the beam, column, and slab. The overlap length is 40 times its diameter
size and its main advantage is to allow the bond stress transfer the loads to the next bar.

2.3.3 Scaffolding work

Scaffolding works are the most important activities performed at the site and used as a port for the
easily constructing of structural buildings which are going to be erected somewhat above the ground
surfaces like: - for slab works, stair works etc. In general there are two types of scaffolding materials,
namely: - wooden and metal scaffolding materials. The wooden scaffolding materials are not economical
from the perspective view of continuous usage i.e. once they are used it’s not possible to use them again
and again. But if we see the metal scaffolding materials, the first place they are uniform in shapes and
secondly they can be used again and again as long as needed. But the metal scaffolding materials
comprises different types of joints and parts; so it needs a skilled manpower or workman ship. Since our
project we can use wooden scaffolding materials.
Figure 4: Scaffolding

2.3.4 Concrete Work

The term ‘concrete’ is used for a combination of an aggregate (inert materials) and a paste

composed of Portland cement and water and sometimes admixtures. The aggregate generally used are
sand and gravel or crushed stone. These aggregates have no cementing value of their own; there function
in concrete is to serve as filler. The cement-water paste changes from a semi fluid substance in to a solid
binder as a result of chemical reaction (hydration) between the water and various compounds in the
cement. The final quality of the concrete depends up on the effectiveness of the hardened paste in binding
the aggregate particles together and infilling the

voids between the particles.

Component of Concrete
Cement

There are many cement type in construction but in our case we use OPC (ordinary Portland cement) this
cement type has high early strength the PPC cement. The basic Portland cement is manufactured in large
quantities than any other cement.

It admirably suited for use in general concrete construction where there is no exposure to Sulphates in the
soil or underground water. The measurement of cement is by Weight.

In our construction case everything of concrete mixing is not on site. Its come from concrete
industry .weight the cement (and sand where required) into the mixer and dry blend together for one
minute. With the machine in operation, add the pre-mixed.
Aggregate

Aggregate are filer material which make up a large portion of aggregate of the concert volume.

Considerable care should be taken to provide the best aggregate available. This aggregate are fine
aggregate and coarse aggregate. On our site they produce aggregate by crashing stone with crasher
machine. The produced aggregate having a size of 00, 01, 02 and 03 but we use 02 and 03 aggregate size
for C30 & C50.

Water

Water fit for drinking is generally suitable for making concrete.

The main purpose of water in concrete is:

The first is to react chemically with the cement, which will finally set and harden

The second function is to lubricate all other materials and make the concrete workable.

Water/Cement Ratio

It is the relationship between the total free water and the cement. For a given type of cement and
aggregate, the strength and porosity of the paste-structure are dependent almost entirely upon the water
cement ratio. For a given consistency, the lower the water cement ratio in the fresh concrete, the less
voids and more strength, less drying shrinkage and more durability, meaning all in all a better resulting
concrete

Mix proportions;

It is essential to produce appropriate mix design using the proposed proportion or trial mixes and tests
to achieve the required strength.

The concrete mix;

 Is designed to have minimum cement content.

 The grading of coarse and fine aggregate should be in such a way to produce a workable and
dense concrete.

 Appropriate water to cement ratio.

In our site the mix is proportioned by using a gauge box, with dimensions 50cm*40cm*18cm, varying
the quantity of cement varies the grade of concrete. For example, for C25, 18cm and for C30, 16cm. but
the mix ratio remains the same 1:2:3 (cement: fine agg : coarseagg).

The quantity of cement is measured by weight (50kg bag) and each batch of concrete use one or more
whole bags and the quantity of aggregates measured by gauge box.

Grades of concrete used on the our site;

  C5 (lean concrete) - to protect the structural concrete from damage and to give level surface in
mat foundation construction.

 C25-grade is used during slab, beam, shear wall and lift pit construction.

Concrete Quality Control on the Site

Mostly in our site Amibara concrete quality control is done by using cube concrete compression test,
quality control of concrete on site was employed by applying cube compressive tests for the concrete. The
tests were applied for 7 and 28 days. The following data briefly shows cube compressive strength
procedures. The concrete sample is molded into 15X15X15cm dimension cube and compacted by a metal
rod for 3 layers 25 times each layer. The concrete will be removed from the mold after 24 hours and
further cured in water until tested in wet surface condition.

Then the mold is taken to the laboratory and crushed by the concrete crusher and this machine read and
the failure strength will be recorded by the equipment.

After 7 days the concrete samples were taken to the laboratory and compressed by 30Mpa. But at that
time if the concrete fails the other samples which are prepared for 28 days will be tested. If this also fails
Hammer test will be conducted on site. As the supervisor of the client side told me the last action to be
taken if this all tests fail will be distracting of the building.

Mixing of concrete;

The concrete is mixed in our site using two efficient automatic mechanical mixers with 500 lit mixed
capacities. The following procedures are used to mix concrete;

Water is poured to the mix drum to wash away all unnecessary materials in it.

 Cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate added according to specific grade of concrete.

 Sufficient water added that will result in a workable mix, which can be poured efficiently into
position around reinforcement and will produce a dense concrete of specific strength.

 The mixing process is stopped when the cement is thoroughly distributed throughout the mass,
approximately 2 minutes after the whole of water has been added.

 The concrete will not be discharged from the mixer unless it is properly mixed, having a uniform
color and consistency.

 The concrete discharged from the mixer to the concrete pump tank.

 Then the concrete pumped to the required position using pipe.

After finishing the work the mixers and all handling materials have to be washed out with clean water,
since it will be difficult to remove the concrete left on the drum after it hardens.
Conveying of concrete
The transportation of concrete in our site was most of the time done by using concrete pump, and truck
mixers were used while casting of the concrete for the mat foundation of 1m thick. Using concrete pump
is the most effective way, because concrete has to be transported from the place of mixing to the place of
deposit as rapidly as possible to avoid re-handling and flowing, as well as to prevent segregation or loss
of ingredients, that may occur if we were using man powers due to the high traffic jam between the
batching plant and the construction site.

Placing of Concrete
Concrete should be deposited (poured) as near as possible to its final position in order to reduce
segregation. Problems that arise due to poor handling and placing of fresh concrete are segregation and
bleeding.

Segregation
Segregation is separation of the coarse aggregate from the mortar or the water from other ingredients, the
equipment and method of handling and transporting concrete should be selected according to the placing
condition. Segregation can also result due to improper filling method. It is the separation of course
aggregate from the concrete mass it may be caused by the following problems.

 Un controlled pumping

 Excessive Vibrating

 Pouring concrete above optimum height that from 2.5m-3.5m

 To overcome this problem the following measures should be taken

 Using appropriate pumping

 Vibrating the concrete to optimum height

 Pouring the concrete from the optimum height

Compaction of concrete
After the concrete had been placed, the compaction or consolidation has been started using vibrator. The
purpose of vibration or consolidation is to expel or eliminate the air bubbles from the concrete mass to the
maximum extent in order to achieve maximum density of concrete.

Vibrator- is equipment used to compaction of concrete. There are different types of vibrator depending on
the diameter of the hose. This different vibrator use for different structure. I listed their use below.

 Vibrator having a hose dimensions 28 and 38 use for compaction of column and beam

 Vibrator having a hose dimensions 45 uses for compaction flat structure like slab.

 It operates with electric power.

Curing of Concrete
Curing is the process of keeping the concrete moisture to enable it to gain full strength, hardness
&other desirable properties. This is done for the purpose of preventing the loss of initial water and
increasing the strength of concrete with age. We have used 7 days for curing, by applying water directly
to the concrete.

2.4 Challenges Faced in the Site

It had been a major challenge for us to communicate with the workers, formans, carpenters, masons &
site engineer, because the words they use on the site are new, and which are Italian, which are totally
confusing and hard to memorize in the first few weeks of the internship period.

 Lack of safety shoes and helmets for apparent students.

 Lack of construction material on the market.

 Shortage of computers in the office for all of apparent student.

2.5 Measures Taken

During our interns as we have been the problems we inform to the company as they have to prepare
sufficient computers and helmets in their offices for future intern students.

Modification of the design may occur due to the difference b/n the excepted and happed in the site during
construction work
 Chapter Three
OVERALL BENEFITS FROM THE INTERNSHIP
In the internship program we have gained benefits which helped as to explore skills, qualities and
abilities. Since it was our first practical experience everything done is new and interesting.

Some of the benefits are:-

3.1 Improving our Practical Skills

The main aim of this internship program is to improve student practical skills by applying his /her
theoretical knowledge. During the internship program we gain the following practical skill.

 How to check whether the columns deviate or not by using plum bobs (tumbi) and checking the
alignment of formwork by using it.

 In the real world, civil engineers often encounter unexpected challenges and complexities.
Internships provide valuable opportunities for interns to face these challenges, think critically,
and develop effective problem-solving skills.

 In Real-World Challenges Working on project we helps build confidence in problem-solving and

decision-making skills in a professional context.

 Understanding arrangements of bars in reinforcement detail drawing

 In the real world, civil engineers often encounter unexpected challenges and complexities.
Internships provide valuable opportunities for interns to face these challenges, think critically,
and develop effective problem-solving skills. Internships provide exposure to the workings of the
civil engineering industry, allowing interns to observe industry best practices, regulations, and
safety standards firsthand. Understanding the industry landscape is crucial for successful career
navigation and contributes to professional growth. Internships offer a platform to expand
professional networks within the industry. Connecting with experienced professionals, mentors,
and fellow interns can provide valuable insight, mentorship, and potential job opportunities in the
future.

Placing the concrete mix compacting and curing፦

a) Placing: In order to have a monolithic floor slab the concrete is placed at the same time for any typical
floor slab, beam, staircase including the stair beam, and the staircase column (up to the same level of the
upper surface of that slab). During construction of structural element the concrete mix is placed most of
the time in a mold or formwork prepared and then vibrated with a special hose. This placing activities
needs care. Placing must be in appropriate manner. The mixed concrete is carried to the roof using
equipment called concrete pump machine.

b) Compaction: They use vibrator for compaction around steel which helps to avoid any segregation of
concrete. If the mix is large amount it is difficult to compact and if it is small amount there may be
segregation during compaction.
c) Curing: After casting structural element cure is necessary. The curing time depend on concrete type,
the type of structural element and the environment of working condition

3.2 In terms of Upgrading Theoretical Knowledge

While internships primarily focus on improving practical skills, they can also have a positive impact on
upgrading the theoretical knowledge of civil engineers. Some benefits of internships in terms of
theoretical knowledge enhancement include.

we realize that the reinforcement bars are designed according to the theories we learned on RC I and
theory of structures. For example we saw that much reinforcement bars for slabs are found near the
beams. This ensures that the maximum bending moment for slab is most of the time found at the face of
support. And for beams it is at the midpoint. we also observed that negative bars are placed near the
column because of maximum moment. we also realize that the reinforcement bars that are provided in the
design can be changed to the equivalent area of reinforcement available on site.

We was assigned mainly at site work so we had to learn as many words as we could. Learning those
words is also a great importance because it will surely avoid communication barriers which would have
been inevitable with little or no knowledge about the language the labor force uses. A peak of the
dictionary of the words include “Soleta”-Slab ; “Fondo”- Bottom Formwork, “Sponda”- Side Formwork ;
“Ponte” support a form work of slab at the bottom“ Cristy’’ - support a form work of a beam & lintel;
“Tumbi”- Plum bob etc.

3.3 In terms of Improving our Interpersonal Communication Skill

Interpersonal communication is the ongoing process of interaction between individuals who build the
personal knowledge of one another as they create a meaning or work out put.

Interpersonal communication skill is very vital in the construction world. Due to the job’s character, we
are supposed to meet different personnel. For the successful accomplishment of tasks, good
communication is obligatory with those personnel we face

Through time we believed that good relation and communication skill is the key for getting the
experience and knowledge we require for the internship program. Based on this we tried to change our
approach to the people at the work place. As time progresses we were able to see improvement on our
self. We can say that we have got good lesson regarding communication skill while we stay in the
company for the internship program.

3.4 Improving our Team playing skills

Team playing is a process where a group of people analyze their group strengths and weakness, capacity
and potential in order to achieve and improve effectiveness. It can also be defined as a structured attempt
to develop the effectiveness of a group of people.

During our internship, we had the opportunity to team up with other intern students while performing
different tasks at the office, by forming groups.

And we have been able to develop our team playing skills and share experience with others.

We have basically learned that a team will only work best when:
  There is high level of interdependence among the members,

 Each member is capable and willing to contribute their information skills and experience,

 All team members are prepared to take risks

 Roles of each team member are defined and

 Team members know how to correct individual errors without making personal attacks.

3.5 Improving our Leadership skills

Leadership is a critical management skill. It is a skill to guide, control and monitor people. It is the ability
to motivate a group of people toward a common goal. This internship has developed our ability of getting
and giving information for good leadership skills.

We have seen how each worker is controlled and organized to perform its day to day activities. Among
all other managements we have seen that human resource management is the most important one.

We have actually observed the method of controlling the working time and amount of work done by each
worker so that the work proceeds according to the work plan. TANGA:-inclined eucalyptus or support to
make column formwork vertical

 GINDELA:-horizontally placed on the ground to support stanga.

 FONTE:-vertically placed eucalyptus to support formwork of slab and beam

 MODINI:-megar, horizontal eucalyptus firmly fixed on fonte by nails to support formwork of

slab and beam

 CRISTY:-vertical support of beam form work

 FONDO:-horizontal panel for beam formwork placed on cristy to cover thickness of beam

 SPONDA:-vertical panel formwork of beam supported by kisit and used to cover width beam

 BEGGA:- is a grooved metal road used to twist bars in the bending plates

3.6 Understanding Work ethics related issues

Though each individual perceives things differently due to different background, there is the presence
of some ethical values to be shared by all workers at the same time. These values are what we call Work
ethics.

In the world of construction, work ethics play a significant role in the overall system. During my
internship, I have proved that proper application of ethical values benefits both the company and the
employees. The basic three values are:
Punctuality: Punctuality doesn’t always refer to arriving on the work place on time, it also infers to
delivering given any task according to the deadline and being always available if needed in working
hours.

Proper utilization of instruments and labor: this would prevent any wastage which could result from
careless and excessive use of instruments and labor, in turn saving precious time and money.

Cooperation: a worker should be able to team up and develop good relation with his/her partners so as to
be effective and create a smooth working platform.

We strongly believe that, it’s when the above three values are respected and applied; we can have an
effective output from work. Some other conducts include:

 Respect for work

 Honesty

 Accountability and transparency

 Impartiality
CHAPTER FOUR
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
4.1 Conclusion
The main objective of the internship program is to enable the intern to experience the practical activities
carried out on site (working environment) and correlate it with the theoretical background gained through
learning in four years class time. Other objectives include if problems exist, to identify its cause and take
engineering measures to solve it, to get accustomed to the working environment, to be governed by the
rule and regulation of the employer, to be more of team player.

There was a gap between the knowledge which we know in the class with the outside environment, that
means the working environment in site and office know this gap is narrowed in the internship program.
We got practical work experiences and benefits after we attend in to construction project. This internship
program is very important for students to integrate their theoretical concept to practice. This enabled us to
share and obtain practical knowledge from experienced persons and professionals. Again this helps the
students to be productive after graduation.

This program played an important role to break the conventional thought that field works can be only
implemented by students who hold a degree or people who have an experience in building construction.
We were able to acquire a high level of confidence to deal with problems that arise in a building
construction.

In addition, we also believe that we have the confidence to handle and execute different tasks on site
and in office works. Thus, during our internship program; we tried to relate what we learnt in the
classroom with practical activities which are taken place at the site.

Finally, we want to appreciate the respected company because we have seen it executes every work with
quality and constructs every construction with its master schedule.

4.2. Recommendation
The Universities and the company are providing good opportunities for students in this internship
program. But in both side there is problem. So we would like to recommend both of them to do better.

4.2.1 Recommendation for the company

Since the test is done at another place by the company, so student is unable to see any tests at the site, so
the company should have to done the tests at the site.

Medical facilities are given in small consideration but such facilities should be given in good way.

4.2.2 Recommendation for the university

Universities are providing good opportunities for students in this internship program. But we would
like to recommend Jimma University Institute of Technology School of Civil and Environmental
Engineering to do the following during the whole academic session for effectiveness of internship
program.
 We strongly feel about the goals of the practical attachment. It prepares the students for the real
working environment.The program is also phenomenal in producing fit and competent engineers. So it
should be provide to next generation.

The pocket money given to us is insufficient b/c of the market condition and it is not given for the
students by the scheduled period it must be given a care
REFERENCES
 Company’s profile

 Ethiopian Building Codes of Standard (EBCS)

 Contract document of the company

 Building construction hand out

 RCC hand out

 Construction material book

Appendices
 STANGA:-inclined eucalyptus or support to make column formwork vertical

 GINDELA:-horizontally placed on the ground to support stanga.

 FONTE:-vertically placed eucalyptus to support formwork of slab and beam

 MODINI:-megar, horizontal eucalyptus firmly fixed on fonte by nails to support

formwork of slab and beam

 CRISTY:-vertical support of beam form work

 FONDO:-horizontal panel for beam formwork placed on cristy to cover thickness of beam

 SPONDA:-vertical panel formwork of beam supported by kisit and used to cover width
beam

 BEGGA:- is a grooved metal road used to twist bars in the bending plates