TISSUES

PLANT TISSUE

MERISTEMATIC TISSUE PERMANENT TISSUE

APICAL

COMPLEX PERMANENT
SIMPLE PERMANENT TISSUE
INTERCALARY
TISSUE

LATERAL

XYLEM PHLOEM

PARENCHYMA COLLENCHYMA SCLERENCHYMA

CHLORENCHYMA SIEVE TUBES

TRACHIED SIEVE CELLS

VESSEL COMPANION CELLS

AERENCHYMA PHLOEM
XYLEM FIBRE
PARENCHYMA
XYLEM
PHLOEM FIRBE
PARENCHYMA
  Group of cells performing the same
What is function is called as a tissue.
 For example – muscular tissue,
a tissue? nervous tissue, blood, xylem and
phloem
  No!
 Plants and animals have different types
Do plants of tissue because –
and ➢ plants are stationary, animals are
mobile. Hence, their energy needs are
animals different
have same ➢Plants, as they do not move, need dead
cells for protection
type of ➢Only a few cells in plant body divide
tissues? and produce new cells, while rest are
non-dividing cells. In animals, all cells
are able to reproduce.
 PLANT TISSUE

PLANT
MERISTEMATIC PERMANENT
TISSUE TISSUE

TISSUE cells of this tissue

keep on dividing cells of this tissue
and give rise to cannot divide
permanent tissue
  Also called as the dividing tissue
 Present at specific locations in the
plant body
MERISTEMATIC  These tissue keep on dividing and
TISSUE produce new cells
 As these cells grow and mature,
their characteristics slowly change
and they become differentiated as
components of other tissues
 ❖Cells of meristematic tissue
are very active
Features of ❖ They have a dense cytoplasm
cells of
❖Thin cellulose walls
meristematic
tissue ❖Prominent nuclei
❖They lack vacuoles
 Types of meristematic tissue based
on their location

Apical Intercalary Lateral

meristematic meristematic meristematic
tissue tissue tissue
❖APICAL MERISTEMATIC TISSUE

❖It is present at the growing tips of

stems and roots
❖It increases the length of the stem and
the root
❖INTERCALARY-MERISTEMATIC
TISSUE

❖It is present at the base of the leaves or

internodes (on either side of the node)
❖LATERAL MERISTEMATIC TISSUE

❖The girth of the stem or root increases due to

lateral meristem (cambium)
 ❖The cells formed by the meristematic
tissue take up a specific role and lose
the ability to divide.
❖As a result, they form a permanent
tissue.
PERMANENT ❖ This process of taking up a
TISSUE permanent shape, size, and a
function is called differentiation.
❖Cells of meristematic tissue
differentiate to form different types of
permanent tissue.
 Permanent tissue

Simple Complex
Types of Permanent Permanent
Permanent Tissue Tissue
Tissue
Cells of this tissue are Cells of this tissue are
made up of same type made up of different
of cells type of cells
 Simple Simple Permanent Tissue
Permanent
Tissue
Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma
 ❖ STRUCTURE -
• It consists of cells with thin cell walls
• They are live cells
• They are usually loosely packed
• have spaces between cells (intercellular
PARENCHYMA spaces)

❖ FUNCTIONS-
❖provides support to plants
❖Also stores food
❖It acts as a packing tissue
PARENCHYMA

(Transverse
section / T.S)
 PARENCHYMA

CHLORENCHYMA AERENCHYMA

TYPES OF
PARENCHYMA
1. Contain chlorophyll 1. Contain air cavities

2. help in photosynthesis 2. help in buoyancy

3. Present in green parts of 3. Present in aquatic

the plant plants
 ❖ STRUCTURE -
❖The cells of this tissue are living and
elongated
❖They irregularly thickened at the Corners
due to deposition of cellulose and pectin
❖There is very little intercellular space

COLLENCHYMA ❖ FUNCTIONS-
❖It provides flexibility
❖ It allows bending of various parts of a
plant like tendrils and stems of climbers
without breaking
❖It also provides mechanical support
❖Found in leaf stalks below the epidermis
COLLENCHYMA

(Transverse
section / T.S)
 ❖ STRUCTURE -
❖The cells of this tissue are dead
❖They are long and narrow
❖the walls are thickened due to lignin
❖ Often these walls are so thick that there is
SCLERENCHYMA no internal space inside the cell
❖No intercellular spaces

❖ FUNCTIONS-
❖It makes the plant hard and stiff
❖It provides strength to the plant part
SCLERENCHYMA

(Transverse
section / T.S
&
longitudinal
Section L.S)
 Features/ Type Deposition Inter- Function Location
Type Of Tissue Of In The Cell cellular
Cell Wall Space
Parenchyma Live Cellulose More • Food Storage Leaves, Stems And
• Packing Tissue Roots

• Chlorenchyma • Photosynthesis Green parts of the

(Chlorenchyma) plant
• Aerenchyma • Buoyancy
(Aerenchyma) Aquatic plants
Collenchyma Live Pectin Less • Flexibility Leaf Stalks, Near
• Mechanical Support Stems And Branches

Sclerenchyma Dead Lignin No • Mechanical Support • Outer Covering Of

• Provides Strength The Seeds
• Around Vascular
Bundles
• Veins Of The
Leaves
  The epidermis is made of a single layer of cells. The entire
surface of a plant has an outer covering of epidermis. It
protects all the parts of the plant.
 Plants living in very dry habitats, the epidermis to protect
against water loss.
EPIDERMIS  Epidermal cells on the aerial parts of the plant often secrete
a waxy, water-resistant layer on their outer surface- cutin.
 This aids in protection against loss of water, mechanical
injury and invasion by parasitic fungi.
 Since it has a protective role to play, cells of epidermal tissue
form a continuous layer without intercellular spaces.
  These are small pores in the epidermis of the leaf.
 These pores are called stomata.
 Stomata are enclosed by two kidney-shaped cells called
guard cells.
 They are necessary for exchanging gases with the
atmosphere.

STOMATA  Transpiration (loss of water in the form of water vapour) also

takes place through stomata.
  As plants grow older, the outer protective tissue
undergoes certain changes.
 A strip of secondary meristem located in the cortex
forms layers of cells which constitute the cork.
Cork Cells  Cells of cork are dead and compactly arranged
without intercellular spaces
 They also have a substance called suberin in their
walls that makes them impervious to gases and water
  Complex tissues are made of more than
one type of cells
COMPLEX
 All these cells coordinate to perform a
PERMANENT common function
TISSUE
 Xylem and phloem are both conducting
tissues and constitute a vascular bundle
  Xylem consists of tracheids, vessels, xylem
parenchyma and xylem fibres.
 Tracheids and vessels have thick walls, and
many are dead cells when mature.
 Tracheids and vessels are tubular structures.
This allows them to transport water and
minerals vertically.
XYLEM  The parenchyma stores food.
 Xylem fibres are mainly supportive in function
 All cells are dead except the xylem
parenchyma (live cells)
 Transport of water doesn’t need energy
 Transport of water is unidirectional
  Phloem is made up of five types of cells- sieve
cells, sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem
fibres and the phloem parenchyma
 Sieve tubes are tubular cells with perforated
walls
 Phloem transports food from leaves to other
PHLOEM parts of the plant.
 All cells are living except phloem fibres (dead
cells)
 Transport of food needs energy
 Transport of food is bidirectional (in two
directions)