Lesson 4

Interpret Drawings and Plans

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do
the following:

LO 1. Analyze signs, symbols and data;

LO 2. Interpret technical drawings and plans; and
LO 3. Apply freehand sketching
 Definition of Terms

Axis - line about which a body turns or rotates

Design - drawing showing the plan, elevations, sections, and other features.

Detail drawing - separate drawing showing a small part of a machine or structure

Dimension - definite measure shown on a drawing in detail

Isometric Drawing - drawing which resembles a respective drawing

Orthographic Projection - arrangement in a drawing of the three principal views of an

object

Perspective Drawing - the representation of an object on a plan surface, pertaining to

materials, styles and finish presented as to have the same appearances as when seen
from a particular viewpoint

Projections - the cutting out of any part or any member of a structure

Reduced - made smaller than the actual size as in the size of object

Scaled Drawing - drawing plan made according to a scale, smaller than the actual work

Sketch - freehand drawing of an object

Specification - written instruction to the worker containing all the information

 Learning Outcomes 1

Identify hazards and risks

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

 Sign, symbols, and data are identified according to job specifications.

 Sign, symbols, and data are determined according to classification or as appropriate in

drawing

Material
1. Drawing Paper
2. Pencil
3. Plans
4. Drawing Instruments
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.1

HAZARDS AND RISKS IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL

Alphabet of Lines

In sketching orthographic drawing, certain conventional lines are used for a definite
purpose. These lines are commonly called Alphabet of Lines.
 Lesson 5
Practice Occupational Health and
Safety Procedures

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the following:

LO 1. Identify hazards and risks;

LO 2. Evaluate hazards and risks;
LO 3. Control hazards and risks; and
L0 4. Maintain occupational health and safety awareness
 Definition of Terms
Accident - is an event occurring unintentionally or by chance

Control - means to direct or determine

First Aid - as it implies includes all forms of remedies given immediately to humans in
order to minimize or prevent casualties or fatalities caused by accidents or normal
course of time

Hazard - involves unforeseen incident that is physically unfavorable to humans or

animals

Occupation - is an activity in which one is engaged in

Safety - state of being out of danger, uninjured, not involving risk

Sanitize - to maintain high standard of housekeeping

Self-Discipline - refers to doing things spontaneously without being told or ordered

Signs - generally refer to objects made by flat sheet metal or wood suspended by a
stand or nailed on the post or wall which are located strategically

Sort - to take out unnecessary items and dispose the same

Sweep - means to clean the workshop

Symbols - are generally common illustrations printed on the signs which sometimes
carry a descriptive word or few words

Systematize - means to arrange necessary items in good order for use

Toxic - deadly, harmful and poisonous

Acronyms
OHSP – Occupational Health and Safety Procedures
PPE – Personal Protective Equipment
Learning Outcomes 1

Identify hazards and risks

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

 Safety regulations and workplace safety and hazard control practices

and procedures are clarified and explained based on organization
procedures

 Hazards/risks in the workplace and their corresponding indicators are

identified to minimize or eliminate risk to co-workers, workplace and
environment in accordance with organization procedures

 Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire and other

emergencies are recognized and established in accordance with
organization procedures
on organization procedures

Materials / Resources
1. Mask
2. Gloves
3. Goggles
4. Hair net/cap/bonnet
5. Face shield
6. Ear muffs
7. Apron/Gown/coverall/jumpsuit
8. Anti-static suits
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.1

HAZARDS AND RISKS IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL

Requirements in Conducting/Identifying Hazards

 Survey the workplace to identify hazards
 This survey must be in writing and must be available to all workers
 Determine whether any hazard requires Personal Protective Equipment
 Pay special attention to working conditions or process that can produce hazards.
 Reassess hazards whenever necessary, especially when new equipment is
installed to avoid accidents.
 Any reassessment must be written and must be available to workers upon
request.

WORKING CONDITIONS THAT CAN PRODUCE HAZARDS

1. Falling objects
2. Objects that can puncture skin
3. Objects that could roll over worker's feet
4. Toxic chemicals
5. Heat
6. Harmful Dust
7. Radiation

Signs, Signals and Barricades

 Signs, signals and barricades are important, if not critical, to the safety of the
construction workers.

Accident Prevention Signs and Tags
1. General. Signs and symbols required shall be visible at all times when work is
being performed, and shall be removed or covered promptly when the hazard
does not exist anymore.
2. Danger Signs. Danger signs shall be used only where an immediate hazard
exists.

A danger sign is designed to warn people of threats that are about to occur and
might lead to serious harm or death. It is essential in ensuring safety in the
workplace, building sites, and public spaces by warning people of dangers.
Danger signs prevent accidents by providing visible and understandable
warnings, and thus people take the necessary precautions. Their usefulness is in
preventing deaths, reducing risks, and informing people of dangerous situations.

3. Caution signs. Caution signs shall be used only to warn against or caution against
practices.

Caution sign shall have yellow as the predominating color: black upper panel and borders,
yellow lettering of "caution" on the black panel; and the lower yellow panel for the additional
sign wording. Black lettering shall be used for additional wording.
 Standard color of the background shall be yellow, and the panel, black with yellow letters. Any
letter used against the yellow background shall be black. The colors shall be those of opaque
glossy samples.

4. Exit Signs. When required, shall be lettered in legible red letters, not less than 6
inches high, on a white field and the principal stroke of the letters shall be at least three-
fourths in width.

5. Safety Instruction Sign. Safety instruction signs, when used, shall be with green
upper panel with white letters to convey the principal message. Any additional wording
on the sign shall be black letters on the white background.
6. Directional Signs. Directional signs, other than automotive traffic signs specified in
the paragraph below, shall be white with a black panel and white directional symbol.
Any wording on the sign shall be black letters on the white background

8. Accidental Prevention Tags. Accident prevention tags shall be used as temporary

means of warning of an existing hazard such as defected tools, equipments, etc. They
shall not be used in place of, or as a substitute for, accident prevention signs.
Specifications for accident prevention tags similar as shown below shall apply.
Self-Check 1.1
A. Write the letter of your choice on your answer sheet.

1.Your employer must conduct a hazard assessment in order to ___________.

A. avoid accident
B. promote accident
C. workers
D. None of the above

2.OSH means _______________.

A. Occupational Service Healthy
B. Occupational Safe and Healthy
C. Occupational Safety and Health
D. None of the above

3.Identifying hazards makes you_________________.

A. safe from working
B. comfortable while working
C. work efficient
D. all of the above

4.Who should first know about the accident that happened in your shop?
A. principal
B. nurse
C. teacher
D. doctor

5.Accidents can be prevented ____________________.

A. through proper care and maintenance of tools and equipment
B. right attitude toward work
C. if you have a good knowledge about safety practices
D. None of the above

B. Draw the following signs correctly.

1. Stop
2. Danger
3. Poisonous
4. Slippery when wet
5. Up

Learning Outcomes 1

Control hazards and risks

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

 OHS procedures for controlling hazards and risk are strictly followed.

 Procedures in dealing with workplace accidents, fire and emergencies are followed
in accordance with the organization’s OHS policies.

 Personal protective equipment (PPE) is correctly used in accordance with

organization’s OHS procedures and practices.

 Procedures in providing appropriate assistance in the event of workplace

emergencies are identified in line with the established organizational protocol.
on organization procedures

Materials
 OHS Manuals
 Personal Protective Equipment
 Chart/Pictures

Pretest LO 2

1.
2.

3.

4.

5.
What Do You Need to Know?

One way of controlling hazards and risks in the workplace is to use the proper
protective equipment applicable to the work condition.

Information Sheet 2.1

Read the Information Sheet very well then find out how much you can remember
and how much you learned by doing the Self-check.

Signs and their location:

1.Danger Signs – are used only where immediate hazards exist. They are printed in red
as the predominating color.

2.Caution Signs – are used to warn against potential hazards.

3.Exit Signs – are printed in legible red letters for exits.

4.Safety Instructions Signs

5.Accidental Prevention Tags – are used as temporary means of warning to existing

hazards, such as defection, tools and equipment.

6.Barricades – are used for protection of employees.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Here are the types of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) use for safety purposes:

A. Face protection

Goggles and face protection must be used

when at risk from flying particles liquid
chemicals, acids or caustic liquids and
chemical gases. There are various goggles
for face protection with certain design criteria
B. Foot Protection

Safety shoes with impact protection are

used in work areas where heavy objects or
tools could be accidentally dropped on the
feet. Safety shoes with puncture protection
are required when working around nails,
wire tacks, scrap metals and other objects
that could fierce the feet.

C. Hand Protection

Gloves are required to protect your hands from cuts,

scrapes, punctures, burns, chemical absorption, and
exhaust temperatures. It is crucial that the type of
glove being used is the right one for the job.

D. Hearing Protection

Appropriate ear muffs or ear plugs must be made

available as a last resort if it is not possible to make the
workplace less noisy. The requirement is a small part
of the occupational noise exposure standard which
requires employers to ensure that workers are exposed
to less than 90 decibels of noise over an 8-hour period.

E. Respirators
Appropriate respirators must be worn as a last resort
if it is not possible
How Much Have You Learned?
Self - Check 2.1

A. Define and describe the following:

a. Danger Signs - ________________________________________________

b. Caution Signs - ________________________________________________

c. Exit Signs - ___________________________________________________

d. Accidental Prevention Tags - _____________________________________

e. Barricades - __________________________________________________

B. Give an example for each and give its use and importance.

1. Respirators
2. Foot Protection
3. Hand Protection
4. Hearing Protection
5. Face Protection

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

What Do You Already Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about control hazards and risks. Take this test.

Pretest LO 2

Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on your Answer Sheet.

1.Conducting hazard assessment to a workplace should be done_______.

A. during working hours
B. after working hours
C. before working hours
D. all of the above

2. Observing good housekeeping ________________.

A. prevents fire
B. makes for easy location of tool and materials needed
C. both a and b
D. none of the above

3. In dealing with accidents, the first thing to do is to_________________.

A. stay calm and study the situation
B. apply first aid
C. call the attention of your teacher
D. all of the above

4. Accidents can be prevented _____________.

A. thru proper cares and maintenance of tools and equipment
B. right attitude towards works
C. if you have enough knowledge about safety practices
D. all of the above

5. When an injury occurs, how soon should it be treated?

A. After class hours
B. Immediately
C. Both a and b
D. Late

Now check your answer using the Answer Key. If you got 90 -100 % of the items Correctly, proceed to
the next Learning Outcome. If not, do the next activity / ties again to gain knowledge and skills required
for mastery
What Do You Need To Know?
Read Information Sheet 2.2 very well then find out how much you can remember and how
much you learned by doing Self-check 2.2.

Information Sheet 2.2

Topic 1: Occupation Health and Safety (OHS) Procedures for controlling hazards and
risks.

Conduct a hazard assessment like

Survey workplace to identify hazards (put them in writing)
Determine whether any hazard required Personal Protective Equipment.
Pay attention to working conditions that can produce hazards
Reassess hazards whenever necessary, especially when new equipment is installed

2. Select appropriate equipment. Ensure that all Personal Protective Equipment used is the right
kind of equipment for the job, and is maintained properly

3. Have knowledge on the following:

Which PPE is necessary
How to identify if it fits properly
How to put on, remove, adjust and wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
How to dispose of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
The limitation of using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Topic 2: Procedure in dealing with workplace, accidents, fire and Emergencies.

A. Dealing with Accidents

1.Keep calm, don’t panic and study the situation.
2.Report immediately to your teacher
3.Apply first aid to the victim while waiting for a nurse or a physician
4.Bring the patient to the nearest clinic or hospital

B. Dealing with Fire

1.Do not panic, stay calm.
2.Call the attention of everybody.
3.Use your firefighting equipment to control extinguish the fire.
4.Call the office or the fire station

C. Dealing with Emergencies

1.Stay calm and study the situation.
2.Call the attention of your teacher
How Much Have You Learned?
Self-Check 2.2

Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on your Answer Sheet.

1.Conducting hazard assessment to a workplace should be done_______.

A. during working hours
B. after working hours
C. before working hours
D. all of the above

2. Observing good housekeeping ________________.

A. prevents fire
B. makes for easy location of tool and materials needed
C. both a and b
D. none of the above

3. In dealing with accidents, the first thing to do is to_________________.

A. stay calm and study the situation
B. apply first aid
C. call the attention of your teacher
D. all of the above

4. Accidents can be prevented _____________.

A. thru proper cares and maintenance of tools and equipment
B. right attitude towards works
C. if you have enough knowledge about safety practices
D. all of the above

5. When an injury occurs, how soon should it be treated?

A. After class hours
B. Immediately
C. Both a and b
D. Late

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

 How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?
Show that you learned something by doing this activity.

Activity Sheet 2.1

I. For the created team

Select a team that will perform this activity with you.

Re-arrange the shop layout according to the pointers on work simplification designed to
minimize occupational hazards, thus promotes workers health and safety.

Prepare a plan which shall be executed for a maximum of ten minutes.

The team performance shall be evaluated by the audience using deliberative judging.

II. For the audience - judges

Students who were not selected as team members shall play the role of audience-judges.

While the team deliberates on the shop layout to be executed, the audience-judges conduct a buzz
session headed by a leader who shall act as the supreme judge in order to craft a rubric for the team
performance.

After the team has performed, the audience-judges shall present individually their comments/remarks
backed up with appropriate justifications.

On the other hand, the team members shall not make any comment or remark; instead, they shall listen
or give an answer whenever asked.

The final rating of the team shall be announced by the supreme judge who shall act as mediator or set a
ruling, whenever possible.

III. Each group shall initiate a 10 minute-panel discussion on Occupational Health and Safety. The
following are the general guidelines for the groups in holding the panel discussion:

The group may invite experienced persons who shall sit as panel guests. The group members shall serve
as panelists; therefore, they are responsible for shooting particular questions or topics for discussion.

Identified group members may play the role of experienced guests who are responsible for shading lights
on the issues or concerns on hand; Others shall play as panelists and responsible for running a quality
show.
 How Well Did You Perform?

Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely.

Remember it is your learning at stake!

Panel Discussion Rubric

(Adapted from: http://www-tc.pbs.org/pov/pov2001/promises/lessonplan.pdf)

Student _____________________________________________________________________________

___+ Consistently ___Usually ___-Seldom

Knowledge:

____ The student (group) used research to advance arguments and defend positions.
____ Research was effectively applied to arguments.

Understanding:

____ The student (group) demonstrates understanding of the issue.

____ The student (group) presented key points.
____ The student (group) presented original ideas.
____ The student (group) was able to use examples or analogies to defend an argument.
____ The student (group) demonstrated empathy for the cause he or she represented.
____ The student (group) showed respect for others’ opinions.

Communication:
____ The student (group) was logical in presenting arguments.
____ The student (group) was able to communicate effectively and clearly.
____ The student (group) incorporated key terminology/vocabulary.

Participation:
____ The student contributed to the discussion.
____ The student tended to dominate a discussion, thereby hindering others’ participation.

For group evaluation:

____ All students participated in the discussion.
____ Students within the group tended to dominate discussion within the group, hindering other group
members’ participation.
 Lesson 6
Layout Reference Lines

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do
the following:

LO 1. Prepare Materials for Stake-out Building Lines

LO 2. Ser Batterboards
LO 3. Fix Stake-out Building Lines