Chapter 3

BASKETBALL RULES, VIOLATION, FOULS

Introduction

Basketball is an original American game invented by Dr. James Naismith in 1891. When
designing it, Naismith focused on creating a non-contact sport to be played indoors. He
developed the rules and published them in January 1892 in The Triangle, the school
newspaper of Springfield College.

The initial rules of basketball laid out by Naismith are familiar enough that those who enjoy
basketball today over 100 years later will recognize it as the same sport. While there are
other, newer rules, these original 13 still form the heart of the game

Specific Objectives

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

- Enumerate the different rules, violations and fouls in Basketball;

- Explain/define the facilities and the different equipment in basketball; and
- Create a miniature of the basketball court.
Duration

Chapter 3: BASKETBALL RULES, VIOLATION, = 2 hours

FOULS (1 and 30 minutes discussion;
1 hours assessment)

Lesson Proper

Original 13 Rules of Basketball by James Naismith

The following list shows the original 13 rules of basketball as defined by Naismith in 1892.
Modern rules are added so you can see how the game has changed over time—and how it's
remained the same.
1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.
Current Rule: This rule still applies, with the exception that now a team is not allowed to
pass the ball back over the midcourt line once they have taken it over that line.
2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands (never with the fist).
Current Rule: This rule still applies.
3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which
he catches it, allowance to be made for a man who catches the ball running at a good
speed if he tries to stop.
Current Rule: Players can dribble the ball with one hand as they run or pass, but they cannot
run with the ball when catching a pass.
4. The ball must be held in or between the hands; the arms or body must not be used for
holding it.
Current Rule: This rule still applies. Doing so would be a traveling violation.
5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping, or striking in any way the person of an
opponent shall be allowed; the first infringement of this rule by any player shall count
as a foul, the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made, or, if there was
evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the game, no substitute allowed.
Current Rule: These actions are fouls. A player may be disqualified with five or six fouls, or
get an ejection or suspension with a flagrant foul.
6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violations of Rules 3, 4, and such as
described in Rule 5.
Current Rule: This rule still applies.
7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls, it shall count as a goal for the opponents
(consecutive means without the opponents in the meantime making a foul).
Current Rule: Instead of an automatic goal, sufficient team fouls (five in a quarter for NBA
play) now award bonus free throw attempts to the opposing team.
8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the
basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do no touch or disturb the
goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a
goal.
Current Rule: This rule no longer applies as basketball is now played with a hoop and net,
not the original basket. It has evolved into goaltending and defense pass interference rules,
including that defenders cannot touch the rim of the hoop once the ball has been shot.
9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field of play by the
person first touching it. In case of dispute, the umpire shall throw it straight into the
field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds; if he holds it longer, it shall go to the
opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on that
side.
Current Rule: The ball is now thrown in by a player from the opposite team of the player
who last touched it before it went out of bounds. The five-second rule still applies.

10. The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the
referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have power to disqualify
men according to Rule 5.
Current Rule: In NBA basketball, there are three referees.
11. The referee shall be the judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in
bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal
has been made, and keep account of the goals with any other duties that are usually
performed by a referee.
Current Rule: The referee still determines ball possession, but timekeepers and scorekeepers
now do some of these tasks.
12. The time shall be two 15-minute halves, with five minutes' rest between.
Current Rule: This varies by the level of play, such as high school versus collegiate formats.
In the NBA, there are four quarters—each 12 minutes long—with a 15-minute halftime
break.
13. The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner. In the case
of a draw, the game may, by agreement of the captains, be continued until another goal
is made.
Current Rule: The winner is now decided by a point (which does not equate goals made). In
the NBA, five-minute overtime periods are played in case of a tie at the end of the fourth
quarter, with the point total at the end determining the winner. If still tied, teams play another
overtime period.
General Rules:

1. Basketball is a game in which five players from each team play at a time on the basketball
court.

2. The aim of the players to score a basket by putting the ball inside the hoop elevated 10 ft
above the ground.

3. The team with the ball in possession is the team on the offence, and the opposite one is the
team on defense.

4. Once the offensive team has the ball, they have 24 seconds to shoot it towards the basket.
If It fails to do so, the team on defence is awarded the ball.

5. There can be a total of 12 players on the team roster, but only five can play at a time.

6. The game of basketball consists of four quarters of 10 minutes each, and if scores are tied
at the end of it, there is a five minutes’ extension called “overtime”.

7. The scoring rules are simple. If you shoot from behind the arc, you will get three points
whereas shot from inside the arc receives two points. Also, each free throw is worth a single
point.

8. A player playing on the court can be substituted from the players on the bench by the
coach. A coach can make an unlimited number of substitutions.

RULE FIBA NBA NCAA

Playing time 4x10 minutes 4x12 minutes 2x20 minutes

5 minutes over- 5 minutes over-time 5 minutes over-time
time (OT)
Shot clock 24 seconds 24 seconds Men: 35 seconds
After offensive Women: 30 seconds
rebound: 14
seconds
3-point line 6.75m (6.60 on 7.24m (6.70m on Men: 6.25m
baseline) baseline) Women: 6.325m
Time-outs 2 in first half 6 regular 4 regular
3 in second half 2 per OT period 30 seconds
(but only 2 in last = 60 or 100 seconds + long
two minutes of + 1 short time-out (20 60 seconds
the 4 period)
th
seconds) per half Maximum 3 regular and 1
1 per OT period The second short time- long in second half
Always 60 out can be carried over !!! additional regulations
seconds to OT period
Never carried over !!! additional regulations
Jump ball and Jump ball to star Jump ball to star game Jump ball to star game
alternating game The one losing initial The one losing initial jump
possession The one losing jump ball gets ball gets possession for the
initial jump ball possession to start 2nd next jump ball situation
gets possession and 4th quarters Alternating possession
for the next jump The one winning initial between teams thereafter
ball situation jump ball gets for all jump ball situations
Alternating possession to start 3rd Jump ball to start OT
possession quarter
between teams All other jump ball
thereafter for all situations played as
jump ball "real jump ball"
situations
Individual foul Foul out on 5 Foul out on 6 or 2 Foul out on 5 (personal and
(personal and technical technical)
technical)
Team fouls and 2 free-throws 2 free-throws awarded 1 free throw, plus another if
bonus free-throws awarded for each for each foul after the the first is successful is
(non-shooting) 4th team foul or last two awarded on the 7th, 8th and
foul after the 4th minutes of each quarter, 9th foul of each half; the
period (includes whichever comes first penalty is increased to two
player technical Does not include shots on the 10th and
fouls) offensive fouls and subsequent fouls; overtime
Does not include technical fouls is an extension of the
offensive second half.
fouls/fouls by Does not include offensive
team in fouls
possession
Technical foul 1 free throw and 1 free throw per 2 free throws, play resumes
(penalty) possession of the technical foul; play at point of interruption
ball at centre resumes at the point of
interruption; foul is
charged to individual in
question (and automatic
fine assessed)
Goaltending/basket No blocking a ball No blocking a ball in No blocking a ball in
interference in downward flight downward flight towards downward flight towards the
towards the rim. the rim. rim.

Once the ball An imaginary cylinder An imaginary cylinder exists

strikes the rim, exists that has the that has the basket as its
any player can basket as its base. base. Touching the ball
play the ball (i.e. Touching the ball while while any part of it is in this
swat it away or any part of it is in this cylinder (and still has a
 tap it in) cylinder (and still has a chance to go in) is a
chance to go in) is a violation.
violation
Zone defense Legal Legal but… Legal
defensive player may
not stay in the lane
(a.k.a. key, restricted
area) for longer than
three seconds if he is
not actively guarding an
opponent
Player numbers 00, 0, 1-99 Any one or two digit 00 (or 0), 1-5, 10-15, 20-25,
number 30-35, 40-45, 50-55

Basketball Violations and Fouls

What is a foul? While playing basketball, any player who breaks the rules of the game,
making illegal personal contact with the other team, and has unsportsmanlike behaviour.
There are four main types of fouls:

1. Personal - A personal foul is called in basketball when a player commits a violation

that prevents the opposing player from moving, scoring, or performing another
allowed activity.
2. Technical - An infraction by a player or a coach that is deemed unsportsmanlike
conduct.
3. Flagrant - A foul called as a result of contact that is deemed excessive, intentional
and/or unnecessary. The team that draws a flagrant foul is awarded two free throws
and possession
4. Team foul - is the number of personal and technical fouls committed by all players
for that team in a given period; if a team exceeds that limit (five per quarter in the
NBA, six per half in the NCAA) the other team is given free throws with each
additional foul.

One of the important parts of coaching basketball to anyone understands the fouls and
violations which occur during practices and games. The fouls explained below will teach you
to be an honest and responsible player.
24-Second Violation
All NBA teams have to make a shot within 24 seconds. If not, then the violation results in
change of ball possession.
8-Second Violation
After the basket is made by a team, the offensive team gets only 8 seconds to bring the ball
over the mid court line.
Blocking
Once the game or practice is on, a player tries to position his or her body in a way to prevent
the opponent from getting ahead. Blocking is mostly done by the defense team players.
Charging
This is an offense team’s foul. One of the offensive team’s player runs into a defending
team’s players who has already established his or her position.
Defensive Foul
When a player practices an unnecessary or illegal contact with either the ball or away from
the ball, a defensive foul is said to have been committed.
Double dribble
The offense player who dribbles the ball, stops, and then begins to dribble it again is said to
have committed the double dribble violation.

Elbowing
Elbowing can be done by any of the teams. This is when a player swings his or her elbows in
a forceful, excessive manner. The elbowing player makes contact with the opponent at this
point.
Five-Second Violation
A five-second throw-in violation generally occurs during a throw-in when the ball is not
passed by the player who is supposed to inbound the ball before 5 seconds have gone by after
he or she got the ball. Usually the penalty for a five-second violation is losing of the ball from
that team.
Flagrant Foul
This is a serious contact foul where a player tries to unnecessarily and intentionally make
contact during the game. Usually, the penalty for flagrant foul is that the other team gets 2
free throws and the possession of the basketball out-of-bounds. And the player who
committed the flagrant foul is automatically disqualified from the game.
Floor Violation
This is an action of a player who violates the rules but doesn’t commit any foul or hinder the
opponent. Usually, the penalty for floor violation is a change of ball possession.
Foul Trouble
During the track of a game, one or more players who have collected way too many fouls are
said to be in “foul trouble”. All the players who have collected 5 fouls in high school and
college game, or 6 fouls in NBA game will be disqualified or eliminated from that game.
Which is why all teams must be careful not to accumulate more than 6 fouls in each half?
Goaltending
This violation is generally committed by the defense team’s player. The player illegally
interferes with a shot on the rim or on a downward path to the hoop. Usually, the penalty for
this violation results in the shot by the offense team being assumed in and they receive a
basket.
Hand Check
This is a personal foul done by the defense team player. When he or she is occasionally or
continuously uses his or her hand(s) on the opponent player who has the ball.
Holding
Whether you are in a defense or offense team, using your hands to interfere your opponent’s
freedom of movement commits a holding foul.
Illegal Screen
A player who is setting the screen still moves when the defense team’s player makes contact
with him or her. Illegal screen is a type of blocking where the defender is prevented from
moving around the screen.

Intentional Foul
This foul is committed by the defense team’s player on purpose to stop the clock. Usually in a
college basketball game, the team which was fouled gets the advantage of 2 free throws and
also the possession of the ball.
Lane Violation
At the time of a free throw, if a player enters the lane too soon, lane violation is said to have
been committed. Usually, the penalty for lane violation results in a turnover or the other team
receives another free throw.
Offensive Foul
This is a personal foul committed by the offense team’s player. The player, who has the ball
in his or her hands, charges into the defense team’s player who is standing in a stationary,
defensive position.
Over-the-Back
A player who jumps on and goes over the back of his or her opponent, who is trying to
attempt the rebound with the ball.
Palming
A player who takes his or her hand under the ball and scoops it while dribbling is said to have
committed the palming violation.
Reaching In
When a player tries to steal the ball from the offense team’s player, the player extends his or
her arm and hand out, making contact with the player who has the ball.
Shooting Foul
This foul is committed when a player is fouled while in the act of shooting the ball. If the
player misses the shot, he or she receives 2 or 3 free throws, depending on which shot he or
she was originally taking.
Technical Foul
Any violations and misconduct which detriments the game is called a technical foul. Usually,
the penalty for a technical foul is a free throw to the opponent team.
Three in the Key
Any defense or offense player cannot remain in the lane for more than 3 seconds at a time. If
the violation is committed, it results in change of ball possession.
Traveling
The offense team’s player who has the ball and takes too many steps, anywhere on the court,
without dribbling the ball is said to have committed this violation.
Tripping
When a player uses his or her foot or leg to make the opponent to lose or fall during the game
is said to have committed the tripping foul.
Unsportsmanlike Foul
Any player or team that plays unfairly, unethically, and/or dishonorably is said to have
committed the unsportsmanlike foul. Such fouls are usually given a penalty of a free throw to
the opponent team.
Chapter 4

BASKETBALL EXERCISE AND BALL FAMILIARIZATION

Introduction

A good warm up pre-workout is something most people skip, but science says you
should make time for it. If rolling your ankle or tweaking your shoulder is not your goal,
stretching your muscles and joints can make a big difference in injury prevention and
sports performance.

Specific Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

- Identify the different basic basketball exercise and ball familiarization;

- Demonstrate the basic basketball exercises and ball familiarization; and
- Appreciate the different basic basketball exercises and ball familiarization exercises
learned.
Duration

Chapter 4: Preparing your Body for Badminton = 2 hours

Activity (1 hours discussion; 1 hours
assessment)

Lesson Proper

LESSON 1
WARM-UP AND COOL-DOWN
Warm-up (Dynamic Stretching)
It is very important to perform a proper
warm up before any type of physical
activity. The purpose of a warm up is to
prevent injury by increasing the body’s
core and muscle temperature. Warm
muscles increase the rate of energy
production which increases reflexes and
lowers the time it takes to contract a
muscle.
JUMP SQUATS
Direction:
1.) Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart.
2.) Start by doing a regular squat, engage your core, and
jump up explosively.
3.) When you land, lower your body back into the squat
position to complete one rep.
Make sure you land with your entire foot on the ground. Be
sure to land as quietly as possible, which requires control.

BUTT KICKS
Direction:
1.) Stand up straight with your legs slightly wider than
your hips. Bring one heel off the floor toward your glutes.
At the same time, match this movement with the
opposite side hand coming up towards your shoulder, like
you’re running.
2.) Repeat this movement on the other side, again with
the opposite arm coming up towards your shoulder.
Continue the exercise at your desired speed -- move
slowly to strengthen or quickly to boost cardio.

POWER SKIPS
Direction:
1.) Start standing with feet hip distance apart
2.) Lift right knee and spring up off your left foot, hopping
into the air. Switch. Continue in a “skipping” motion in place
for desired amount of time.

ALTERNATING LEG KICKS

Direction:
1.) Stand tall with your legs straight and arms hanging at
your sides.
2.) Kick one leg straight out in front of you while
reaching for it with the opposite hand. Return the leg to
the ground to repeat on the opposite side.
 Direction:
1.) Start standing tall, feet hip-width distance apart.
2.) Take a wide step out to the left. Bend your left
knee as you push your hips back. ...
3.) Push off with your left leg to return to standing.
4.) Perform 10 to 12 lunges on the left side before
switching to the right.

DEFENSIVE SLIDES
Directions:
1.) Keep your butt down and stay in an athletic
stance the whole time.
2.) Don't allow yourself to cross your feet over.

FEET FIRING
1.) Start standing with arms at the chest and hands in fists.
2.) Alternate running fast in place between your two feet.
Stay on the balls of your feet and keep feet low to the
ground moving as fast as possible. Run for desired amount
of time.

Cooling-Down Activity (Static-Stretching)

A. To stretch safely, do the following static

stretching guide:
- Try to hold each stretch for 10 seconds.
- Do not bounce while stretching.
- Stretch slowly to the point of tension; you
should never feel pain.
- Focus on your breathing while stretching.
 LESSON 2

BALL FAMILIARIZATION

Ball-handling and dribbling are of paramount importance. These two skills allow the
basketball to be advance legally throughout the court of play. At the introductory level, ball-
handling and dribbling take on the most basic form, allowing the players to become familiar
with the basketball.

BALL SLAPS
Direction
1.) Slap the ball as hard as you can with one hand as the other
hand holds the ball.
Rotate hand on every slap. Fingertips – Extend arms out and push
ball back and forth with your fingertips

AROUND THE HEAD

Direction:
1.) Wrap the ball in a circle motion around your waist as
fast as you can without dropping the basketball.

AROUND THE WAIST

Direction:
1.) Wrap the ball in a circle motion around your waist as
fast as you can without dropping the basketball.
 AROUND THE LEFT LEG
Direction:
1.) Get down and perform a split squat where your right leg
is in front and your left leg is planted behind you. Wrap the
ball around only your left leg

AROUND THE RIGHT LEG

Direction:
1.) Get down and perform a split squat where your right leg is
in front and your left leg is planted behind you. Wrap the ball
around only your right leg.

AROUND THE LEG

Direction:
1.) Start by standing up straight with your feet together.
Wrap the ball around your lower
Leg/ankles as fast as you can without letting the
basketball touch the ground.
Chapter 5

BASIC SKILLS OF BASKETBALL

Introduction

Dribbling is a very important fundamental of both offensive and defensive basketball.

Offensively it is used to advance the ball in the back court, to make a drive-in to the basket,
and to free oneself from close or congested defensive areas

Specific Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

- Identify the different basic skills in Basketball;

- Demonstrate the different basic skills in Basketball; and
- Appreciate the different basic skills learned in Basketball.

Duration

Chapter 5: Basic Skills in Basketball = 6 hours

(2 hours discussion; 4 hours
assessment)

Lesson Proper

A. BALL DRIBBLING

KILL DRIBBLE

Direction:

1. Slight Knee Bend. Strong grip on each side of basketball

2. Heads up and spread your fingers. Waist-level dribble

POUND DRIBBLE

Direction:

1. Slight knee bend

2. Spread fingers

3. Shoulder-level dribble

CROSS OVER SLAPS

Direction:

1.) Crouch down low by bending your knees and lowering your hips.

2.) Raise your head and chest up to look straight ahead. Perform 50 dribble in each side.

IN and OUT DRIBBLE

Direction:

1.) Start in a normal stance with the ball in your right

hand.

2.) Take one normal dribble and when the ball comes
back to your hand perform an In-and-Out dribble and
continuously alternate between the normal and In-and-
Out dribbles.

B. BALL PASSING

Passing is the quickest and most effective way to get the ball from player to player and move it around
the court. The more passes that are made by the offense, the more you will challenge the defense. It
keeps them scrambling, frustrated, and tired

BOUNCE PASS

Direction:

1.) Hold ball in both hands, chest high.

2.) Step forward, extend your arms and snap your wrists to throw
the ball forward and down into the floor, to bounce it to your
teammate

CHEST PASS
Directions:

1.) Start with the ball close to your chest.

2.) Take a step forward in the direction of your teammate while quickly snapping your arms forward.

3.) To create the proper backspin with your pass, place your hands on the sides of the basketball with
your thumbs on the back side facing your body.
4.) When releasing the ball, your fingers should move forward and finish pointing toward your
teammate.

OVERHEAD PASS

Direction:

1.) Move so ball's path is aimed at your forehead.

2.) Stagger feet with weight on left foot, with right foot slightly
in front.

3.) Square feet, hips, and shoulders to ball.

4.) Turn thumbs to ground.

C. SHOOTING

Shooting is the most important skill in basketball. The

fundamental skills of passing, dribbling, defense, and
rebounding may enable you to get a high percentage shot, but
you must still be able to make the shot

SHOOTING FORMS

Balance

• Feet are shoulder width apart for good balance

• Feet should be in a slightly staggered stance that is consistent

and comfortable for you. Your shooting foot is slightly ahead of
the non-shooting foot in a comfortable position
• Point your feet in the general direction of the basket, but not
necessarily directly at it. We prefer an open stance, but you can
also use the closed (squared) stance if that's more comfortable
for you. With an open stance, your feet point towards one side
of the basket. For example, a right-handed shooter will point his
or her feet just to the left of the rim for a more natural position and shooting motion

Once you develop a comfortable stance, line up your feet the exact same way on every shot. Whatever
stance you use, consistency is critical
• Once you develop a comfortable stance, line up your feet the exact same way on every shot.
Whatever stance you use, consistency is critical.

• Flex/bend your knees on every shot.

Eye

• Knowing where you intend to place the ball begins with your eyes focused on the basket

• To improve accuracy, locate the target (rim) as early as possible. • Before shooting, see the whole
foot, but when shooting, narrow your focus to the front of the rim

• Keep your eyes on the target and do not follow the fight of the ball.

• Keeping your target focus is very important!

Elbow

• This is the most important step. The elbow is directly under the ball in line with the basket. Not too
close or too far from the body. I place my elbow under the ball, the elbow will keep the ball straight to
the basket. Do not allow your shooting arm to stick out to the side or be on an angle.

• When the elbow is straight, the ball will rest in one hand easily and can still be released straight to
the target.

• The ball should start motion directly upwards from the shot pocket (no dipping of the ball).

• Your elbow should be positioned comfortably under the ball.

Follow through

• Your shooting hand should be fully extended in a straight line to the rim.

• Allowed the ball to roll of your fingertips and your wrist snaps so that your fingers are pointed down
and straight toward the basket.

• The ball should come of the hand with perfect symmetrical backspin.

• As shown in the picture to the left, your guide hand stays to the side and does not influence the fight
of the ball.

• Hold your follow through position until the ball hits the rim