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exception handling in C++ --- TEAM AKASH

This document explains exception handling in C++, detailing its purpose in managing runtime errors without crashing the program. It covers the types of exceptions, the syntax for using try, catch, and throw keywords, and the importance of multiple catch blocks for handling different errors. Additionally, it discusses user-defined exceptions and the advantages of using exception handling for cleaner and more maintainable code.

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7 views

exception handling in C++ --- TEAM AKASH

This document explains exception handling in C++, detailing its purpose in managing runtime errors without crashing the program. It covers the types of exceptions, the syntax for using try, catch, and throw keywords, and the importance of multiple catch blocks for handling different errors. Additionally, it discusses user-defined exceptions and the advantages of using exception handling for cleaner and more maintainable code.

Uploaded by

jashu2834
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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🚀 EXCEPTION HANDLING IN C++

🤯 What is Exception Handling?

In C++, exceptions are runtime anomalies or unexpected errors that occur


during execution. Exception handling lets us manage these errors
gracefully instead of crashing the program.

💡 Example: Trying to divide by zero or accessing an invalid memory


location can trigger an exception!

⚡ Types of Exceptions in C++

1️. Synchronous Exceptions → Occur due to logical errors, like dividing


by zero.
2️. Asynchronous Exceptions → Happen outside the program’s control,
like disk failure or keyboard interrupts.

🔥 C++ Exception Handling: try, catch, throw

C++ provides a built-in way to handle exceptions using three keywords:

Keywor
Meaning
d

:Holds the code that might cause an


try
exception

catch 🎯 :Catches and handles exceptions

:Throws an exception when an error


throw 🚀
occurs

📌 Syntax:

try {

// Code that might throw an exception

throw SomeExceptionType("Error message");

catch(ExceptionName e1) {

// Handle the thrown exception


}

🔷 Example: try, catch, throw in action

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

int x = -1;

cout << "Before try block 🚀\n";

try {

cout << "Inside try block 🎯\n";

if (x < 0) {

throw x; // Throwing an exception

cout << "This will never be printed ❌\n";

catch (int x) {

cout << "Exception Caught! ⚠️\n";

cout << "After catch block ✅\n";

return 0;

🔹 Output:

Before try block 🚀

Inside try block 🎯

Exception Caught! ⚠️
After catch block ✅

🎭 Multiple Exception Handling

💡 Why do we need multiple catch blocks?


Different errors require different solutions! Instead of a one-size-fits-all
approach, we can handle each error separately for better debugging.

🔥 Syntax:

try {

// Code that may cause an exception

catch (exceptionType1 e1) {

// Handle exception of type1

catch (exceptionType2 e2) {

// Handle exception of type2

catch (...) {

// Catch-all handler (optional)

⚡ Example: Handling multiple exceptions

#include <iostream>

#include <stdexcept>

using namespace std;

void order(int choice) {

if (choice == 1) throw invalid_argument("No Pizza! 🍕❌");

if (choice == 2) throw runtime_error("Coffee Machine Error! ☕❌");

if (choice == 3) throw bad_alloc();

throw "Wrong Choice!";


}

int main() {

try {

int choice;

cout << "Order (1:Pizza 2:Coffee 3:Cake): ";

cin >> choice;

order(choice);

catch (const invalid_argument &e) { cout << "Error: " << e.what() <<
endl; }

catch (const runtime_error &e) { cout << "Error: " << e.what() <<
endl; }

catch (const bad_alloc &) { cout << "Error: No Cake! 🎂❌" << endl; }

catch (...) { cout << "Unknown Error! ❓" << endl; }

return 0;

🎯 C++: throw vs throws (Java)

 throw 🚀 → Used in C++ to throw exceptions

 throws ❌ → Used in Java, not in C++

 noexcept → Used in C++ to indicate a function won’t throw


exceptions

💰 Example: Throwing an Exception

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void withdrawMoney(int balance, int amount) {


if (amount > balance) {

throw "Not enough money! 🏦❌ Sell a kidney or try again later. 😂";

cout << "Withdrawal successful! ✅ Remaining balance: " << balance -


amount << endl;

int main() {

try {

withdrawMoney(1000, 5000);

} catch (const char* msg) {

cout << "Error: " << msg << endl;

return 0;

🎭 Catch All Exceptions: catch(...)

When you can’t predict all possible errors, catch-all handlers step in to
save the day!

catch(...) {

// Handles ANY exception

⚡ Example: Catch All in Action

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

int num;
cout << "\n Enter a number (-1, 0, 1): ";

cin >> num;

try {

if (num == 0)

throw "Zero"; // Exception 1: const char*

else if (num == -1)

throw num; // Exception 2: int

else if (num == 1)

cout << "\n NUMBER " << num;

else

throw (float) num; // Exception 3: float

catch (int num) { cout << "\n" << num << " is negative"; }

catch (char* msg) { cout << "\n The number is " << msg; }

catch (...) { cout << "\n No specific code executed"; }

cout << "\n EXITING MAIN()\n";

return 0;

🛠 User-Defined Exceptions (Custom Exceptions)

C++ lets us create custom exceptions by inheriting from


std::exception.

🤖 Example: Robot Battery Warning

#include <iostream>

#include <exception>

using namespace std;


class BatteryLowException : public exception {

public:

const char* what() const noexcept {

return "⚡ Battery critically low! Robot is going to sleep... 🤖💤";

};

void checkBattery(int battery) {

if (battery < 10) {

throw BatteryLowException();

cout << "🔋 Battery level sufficient! Keep going, Robot! 🤖" << endl;

int main() {

try {

checkBattery(5);

} catch (const BatteryLowException& e) {

cout << "Exception: " << e.what() << endl;

return 0;

🤔 Why Use Exception Handling in C++?

🔹 Traditional Error Handling


❌ Uses if-else, making code messy and hard to maintain.

🔹 Exception Handling (try/catch)


✅ Separates error handling from normal code for cleaner and more
readable programs!
📌 Advantages:

✔️No messy error codes – Just throw exceptions when things go wrong!
✔️Functions handle only relevant exceptions – Others can be passed
to the caller.
✔️Grouping of errors – Related exceptions can be categorized in
classes.

🎯 Final Takeaway

👉 Exception handling makes your C++ programs more robust and


readable.
👉 Always use try-catch blocks to prevent unexpected crashes.
👉 Custom exceptions make debugging easier!

🔥 Now go write some C++ with confidence! 🚀💻

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