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C++ Exception Handling

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11 views

C++ Exception Handling

Uploaded by

Nischay Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Devesh Lowe

 Object Oriented Programming with C++, E


Balagurusamy, Tata McGraw Hill
 Mastering C++, K R Venugopal, Rajkumar
Buyya, T Ravishankar: TATA McGraw Hill
 Exceptions are run time anomalies or unusual
conditions that a program may encounter
while executing.
 These are situations which may lead to
abnormal termination of program as these
generally occur at run-time. (syntax or
semantic errors are traced before that)
 Exception include errors like accessing array
element out of bound, division by zero,
running out of memory, lack of rights or
previledges to access a file or resource etc.
 Exceptions are synchronous and asynchronous
exceptions.
 Errors such as “overflow” or “out of range index”
belong to synchronous exception.
 Errors that occur beyond the control of program
are called asynchronous exceptions.
 In C++ we can handle only synchronous
exceptions.
 The purpose of exception handling mechanism is
to provide means to detect and report an
exceptional circumstance so that appropriate
action can be taken.
 The mechanism provides a separate error
handling code to be added to perform :
◦ Find the problem (HIT)
◦ Inform that error has occurred (THROW)
◦ Receive the error information (CATCH)
◦ Take corrective action (HANDLE)
 It is built on three keywords namely try, throw
and catch.
 Try is used to preface a block of statement with
probability for error generation.
 When error is detected it throws it.
 A catch block follows try block and tries to catch
the exception thrown by try block.
 Catch block immediately follows the try
block.
 We can have multiple catch blocks depending
on the possibility of different types of
exceptions in one try block.
 Exceptions are the objects which may contain
error information. Exception type must match
the argument in catch block.
 As soon as exception is raised, control leaves
try block and enters matching catch block
and executes the code in it.
 If it does not find a matching catch block
then program is aborted using abort()
function which is by default invoked.
 When no exception is detected, control is
transferred immediately to the next
statement after catch block.
 A catch(…) block catches all the exceptions
raised and is therefore added at the end.
void test(int x)
{ try
{
if( x==1) throw x;
else if(x==0) throw 'x';
Multiple catch
else if(x==-1) throw 1.0;
blocks
cout<<" \n end of try block ";
}
catch(char c)
{
cout<<"\n caught character exception ";
}
catch(int i)
{
cout<<"\n caught integer exception ";
}
catch(float f)
{
cout<<"\n caught float exception ";
}

cout<<"\n end of try catch statement ";


}
void divide(int x, Int y, int z)
{
cout<< "\n we are inside function ";
try
{
if( (x-y) != 0)
{
int R=z/(x-y);
cout<<" Result = "<<R<<"\n";
}
else
{ throw(x-y); }
}
catch( int i )
{ cout<<" caught exception "; }
}

int main()
{
cout<<" we are inside try block ";
divide(10,20,30);
divide(10,10,30);
}
int main()
{
cout<<" testing multiple catches \n ";
cout<<"\n x=1 ";
test(1);
cout<<"\n x=0 ";
test(0);
cout<<"\n x=-1 ";
test(-1);
cout<<"\n x=2 ";
test(2);
return 0;
}
void test(int x)
{
try
{
if( x==1) throw x;
else if(x==0) throw 'x';
else if(x==-1) throw 1.0;

cout<<" \n end of try block ";


}
catch(...)
{
cout<<"\n caught an exception ";
}

cout<<"\n end of try catch statement ";


}
 A catch handler may decide to rethrow the
exception caught with out processing it. In
such situation, we may simply invoke throw
without any arguments.
 This causes the current exception to be
thrown to the next enclosing try/catch block
sequence and is caught by catch statement
listed after the enclosing try block.
void divide(double x, double y)
{
cout<<"\n inside functions ";

try
{
if( y==0.0)
throw y;
else
cout<<"\n division = "<<x/y;
else if (x==-1) throw 1.0;
}
catch(double)
{
cout<<"\n caught double inside function ";
throw;
}
cout<<"\n end of function ";
}
int main()
{
cout<<" inside main \n ";
try
{
divide(10.5,2.0);
divide(20.0,0.0);
}
catch(double)
{
cout<<"\n caught double inside main ";
}
cout<<"\n end of main code ";
return 0;
}
 It is possible to restrict a function to throw
only a specified type of exception.
 This is achieved by adding a throw list clause
to the function definition.
 The type list specifies the types of exceptions
that can be thrown.
 Throwing any other type of exception will
cause abnormal termination of program.
 If we wish to prohibit a function from
throwing any exception we can mention
throw(); in the function header.
void test(int x) throw( int, double)
{
cout<<"\n inside functions ";
if( x==0) throw 'x';
else if(x==1) throw x;
else if(x==-1) throw 1.0;
cout<<"\n end of function ";
}

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