Fundamentals of Programming Language - Notes
Unit 1: Program Planning and C Programming
Topics:
- Program Design Tools: Introduction to programming using Algorithms and Flowcharts.
- Overview of C: History, importance, and basic elements of C programming.
- Character Set: Letters, digits, and special symbols used in C.
- C Tokens: Keywords, Identifiers, Constants, Variables, and Data Types.
- Variable Declaration: How to declare and assign values to variables.
- Storage Class: Understanding auto, static, extern, and register storage classes.
- Symbolic Constants: Defining constants and volatile variables.
- Case Studies: Compilation process, debugging techniques, and practical examples.
Unit 2: Operators and Expressions
Topics:
- Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Assignment, Increment/Decrement, Conditional, and Bitwise
Operators.
- Special Operators: sizeof, comma, and pointer operators.
- Arithmetic Expressions: Evaluation, operator precedence, and associativity.
- Mathematical Functions: Commonly used math functions in C.
- Case Studies: Study of infix, prefix, and postfix expressions.
Unit 3: Control Flow
Topics:
- Decision Making and Branching: if, if-else, nested if-else, switch statements.
- Decision Making and Looping: while, do-while, for loops, break, and continue statements.
- Case Studies: Design a simple calculator and generate a calendar.
Unit 4: Arrays and Strings
Topics:
- Arrays: Declaration and initialization of one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays.
- Character Arrays and Strings: Declaration, initialization, reading, writing, concatenation, and
comparison.
- String Handling Functions: Introduction to common string functions in C.
- Case Studies: Examples of array operations and string manipulations.
Unit 5: User-Defined Functions and Structures
Topics:
- User-Defined Functions: Definition, declaration, categories, and recursion.
- Structures: Declaration, initialization, and accessing members of structures.
- Case Studies: Tower of Hanoi and generating monthly balance sheets.