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Class 12 Relations and Functions Notes

The document provides notes on Relations and Functions for Class 12 Maths, covering concepts such as Cartesian products, types of relations, properties of relations, and the definition of functions. It explains different types of functions including injective, surjective, and bijective, as well as the composition and invertibility of functions. Key definitions and properties are outlined to aid understanding of these mathematical concepts.

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39 views2 pages

Class 12 Relations and Functions Notes

The document provides notes on Relations and Functions for Class 12 Maths, covering concepts such as Cartesian products, types of relations, properties of relations, and the definition of functions. It explains different types of functions including injective, surjective, and bijective, as well as the composition and invertibility of functions. Key definitions and properties are outlined to aid understanding of these mathematical concepts.

Uploaded by

mirza480455
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Class 12 Maths Notes: Relations and Functions

1. Cartesian Product of Sets

Definition: If A and B are two non-empty sets, then their Cartesian product is:

A x B = { (a, b) | a in A, b in B }

Number of elements: If n(A) = m, n(B) = n, then n(A x B) = m x n

2. Relation

Definition: A relation from set A to set B is a subset of A x B

Types of Relations:

- Empty Relation: No pair satisfies the relation.

- Universal Relation: All elements of A x A are related.

- Identity Relation: Only pairs of the form (a, a).

- Inverse Relation: If R = {(a, b)}, then R^-1 = {(b, a)}

3. Properties of Relations

Reflexive: (a, a) in R for all a in A

Symmetric: (a, b) in R => (b, a) in R

Transitive: (a, b), (b, c) in R => (a, c) in R

Equivalence: Reflexive + Symmetric + Transitive

4. Function

A function is a special type of relation where each element in domain has exactly one image in co-domain.

f: A -> B

Domain: Set of all inputs

Co-domain: Set of all possible outputs

Range: Set of all actual outputs

5. Types of Functions

One-One (Injective): Different inputs have different outputs


Class 12 Maths Notes: Relations and Functions

Onto (Surjective): Every element of co-domain has a pre-image

Bijective: Both one-one and onto

Constant: All elements in domain map to a single element in co-domain

Identity: f(x) = x

Polynomial: f(x) = ax + bx^-1 + ...

6. Composition of Functions

If f: A -> B and g: B -> C, then g o f: A -> C defined as:

(g o f)(x) = g(f(x))

7. Invertible Function

A function f is invertible iff it is bijective

Inverse function: If f(x) = y, then f^-1(y) = x

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