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Refactoring 2

The document outlines various code refactoring techniques, including renaming variables, extracting methods, and replacing magic numbers with symbolic constants. Each technique is presented with a 'Before' and 'After' code example to illustrate the changes. The goal of these refactorings is to improve code readability, maintainability, and efficiency.

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Ishaan katara
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24 views22 pages

Refactoring 2

The document outlines various code refactoring techniques, including renaming variables, extracting methods, and replacing magic numbers with symbolic constants. Each technique is presented with a 'Before' and 'After' code example to illustrate the changes. The goal of these refactorings is to improve code readability, maintainability, and efficiency.

Uploaded by

Ishaan katara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

1.

Rename Variable:
// Before
int x = 10;

// After
int count = 10;

2. Extract Method:

// Before
void printDetails() {
printf("Name: John\n");
printf("Age: 30\n");
}

// After
void printName() {
printf("Name: John\n");
}
void printAge() {
printf("Age: 30\n");
}

3. Inline Temp:
// Before
int x = 5;
int y = x * 2;
// After
int y = 5 * 2;

4. Extract Variable:

// Before
printf("Result: %d\n", 5 * 2);

// After
int result = 5 * 2;
printf("Result: %d\n", result);

5. Extract Constant:
// Before
#define PI 3.14
float area = PI * radius * radius;

// After
const float PI = 3.14;
float area = PI * radius * radius;

6. Combine Functions:
// Before
void printName() {
printf("Name: John\n");
}
void printAge() {
printf("Age: 30\n");
}

// After
void printDetails() {
printf("Name: John\n");
printf("Age: 30\n");
}

7. Remove Dead Code:


// Before
int x = 5;
// int y = 10; // Dead code

// After
int x = 5;

8. Rename Function:
// Before
void displayMessage() {
printf("Hello, World!\n");
}

// After
void showMessage() {
printf("Hello, World!\n");
}
9. Introduce Parameter Object:
// Before
float calculateArea(float length, float width) {
return length * width;
}

// After
typedef struct {
float length;
float width;
} Rectangle;
float calculateArea(Rectangle rect) {
return rect.length * rect.width;
}

10. Introduce Explaining Variable:


// Before
if (x > 10 && y > 5 && z > 0) {
// Do something
}

// After
bool isXGreater = x > 10;
bool isYGreater = y > 5;
bool isZPositive = z > 0;
if (isXGreater && isYGreater && isZPositive) {
// Do something
}
11. Split Temporary Variable:
// Before
int temp = x * 2;
int result1 = temp - 5;
int result2 = temp + 5;

// After
int temp = x * 2;
int result1 = temp - 5;
int result2 = x * 2 + 5;

12. Replace Magic Number with Symbolic Constant:


// Before
if (x > 100) {
// Do something
}

// After
#define THRESHOLD 100
if (x > THRESHOLD) {
// Do something
}

13. Replace Nested Conditional with Guard Clauses:


// Before
if (x > 0) {
if (y > 0) {
// Do something
}
}

// After
if (x <= 0)
return;
if (y <= 0)
return;
// Do something

14. Replace Array with Object:


// Before
int scores[5] = {90, 85, 80, 95, 88};
int total = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
total += scores[i];
}

// After
typedef struct {
int scores[5];
} Student;
int total = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
total += student.scores[i];
}
15. Replace Magic String with Symbolic Constant:
// Before
char *status = "Active";

// After
#define STATUS_ACTIVE "Active"
char *status = STATUS_ACTIVE;

16. Extract Class:


// Before
typedef struct {
char name[20];
int age;
} Person;

// After
typedef struct {
char name[20];
} Name;
typedef struct {
Name name;
int age;
} Person;

17. Replace Type Code with Subclasses:


// Before
typedef struct {
int type;
// other fields
} Employee;

// After
typedef struct {
// common fields
} Employee;
typedef struct {
Employee employee;
// specific fields
} Manager;
typedef struct {
Employee employee;
// specific fields
} Engineer;

18. Replace Error Code with Exception:


// Before
int result = doSomething();
if (result == -1) {
printf("Error occurred\n");
}

// After
try {
doSomething();
} catch (Exception e) {
printf("Error occurred\n");
}
19. Replace Function with Command:
// Before
void doSomething() {
// code
}

// After
typedef void (*Command)();
void execute(Command command) {
command();
}

20. Replace Loop with Pipeline:


// Before
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
sum += array[i];
}

// After
int sum = array[0] + array[1] + array[2] + array[3] + array[4];

21. Move Field:


// Before
typedef struct {
char name[20];
int age;
} Person;

// After
typedef struct {
char name[20];
} Name;
typedef struct {
Name name;
int age;
} Person;

22. Move Method:


// Before
typedef struct {
char name[20];
int age;
} Person;
void printName(Person person) {
printf("Name: %s\n", person.name);
}

// After
typedef struct {
char name[20];
} Name;
typedef struct {
Name name;
int age;
} Person;
void printName(Name name) {
printf("Name: %s\n", name.name);
}

23. Move Statements into Function:


// Before
int calculateTotal(int array[], int length) {
int total = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
total += array[i];
}
return total;
}

// After
int calculateTotal(int array[], int length) {
return sumArray
(array, length);
}
int sumArray(int array[], int length) {
int total = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
total += array[i];
}
return total;
}
24. Replace Constructor with Factory Method:
// Before
typedef struct {
char name[20];
int age;
} Person;
Person createPerson(char name[], int age) {
Person p;
strcpy(p.name, name);
p.age = age;
return p;
}

// After
typedef struct {
char name[20];
int age;
} Person;
Person createPerson(char name[], int age) {
Person p;
strcpy(p.name, name);
p.age = age;
return p;
}

25. Replace Magic Literal with Parameter:


// Before
int calculateArea(int length, int width) {
return length * width;
}

// After
int calculateArea(int length, int width) {
return length * width;
}

26. Parameterize Method:


// Before
float calculateArea(float radius) {
return 3.14 * radius * radius;
}

// After
float calculateArea(float radius, float pi) {
return pi * radius * radius;
}

27. Consolidate Conditional Expression:


// Before
if (x > 10 && y > 5) {
// Do something
}

// After
if (x > 10) {
if (y > 5) {
// Do something
}
}

28. Replace Loop with Recursion:


// Before
int factorial(int n) {
int result = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
result *= i;
}
return result;
}

// After
int factorial(int n) {
if (n == 0 || n == 1)
return 1;
else
return n * factorial(n - 1);
}

29. Separate Query from Modifier:


// Before
int getTotalAndIncrement(int *total) {
*total += 10;
return *total;
}
// After
int incrementTotal(int *total) {
*total += 10;
}
int getTotal(int total) {
return total;
}

30. Encapsulate Field:


// Before
typedef struct {
int age;
} Person;
Person person;
person.age = 30;

// After
typedef struct {
int age;
} Person;
void setAge(Person *person, int age) {
person->age = age;
}
int getAge(Person *person) {
return person->age;
}

31. Encapsulate Collection:


// Before
typedef struct {
int scores[5];
} Student;

// After
#define MAX_SCORES 5
typedef struct {
int scores[MAX_SCORES];
int scoreCount;
} Student;
void addScore(Student *student, int score) {
if (student->scoreCount < MAX_SCORES) {
student->scores[student->scoreCount++] = score;
}
}

32. Replace Conditional with Polymorphism:


// Before
typedef struct {
int type;
// other fields
} Employee;
float calculateBonus(Employee *employee) {
if (employee->type == MANAGER) {
// Calculate manager bonus
} else if (employee->type == ENGINEER) {
// Calculate engineer bonus
}
}

// After
typedef struct {
// common fields
virtual float calculateBonus() = 0;
} Employee;
typedef struct {
// specific fields
} Manager;
typedef struct {
// specific fields
} Engineer;
float Manager::calculateBonus() {
// Calculate manager bonus
}
float Engineer::calculateBonus() {
// Calculate engineer bonus
}

33. Replace Subclass with Fields:


// Before
typedef struct {
int type;
// other fields
} Employee;

// After
typedef struct {
int isManager;
int isEngineer;
// other fields
} Employee;

34. Move Embellishment to Decorator:


// Before
void printMessage(char message[]) {
printf("Message: %s\n", message);
}

// After
void printMessage(char message[]) {
printf("Message: %s\n", message);
}
void printBoldMessage(char message[]) {
printf("<b>%s</b>\n", message);
}
void printItalicMessage(char message[]) {
printf("<i>%s</i>\n", message);
}

35. Replace One/Many Distinctions with Composite:


// Before
typedef struct {
int type;
// other fields
} Product;
// After
typedef struct {
// common fields
} Product;
typedef struct {
Product products[10];
int productCount;
} CompositeProduct;

36. Replace Type Code with State/Strategy:


// Before
typedef struct {
int type;
// other fields
} Employee;

// After
typedef struct {
// common fields
virtual float calculateBonus() = 0;
} Employee;
typedef struct {
Employee employee;
// specific fields
} Manager;
typedef struct {
Employee employee;
// specific fields
} Engineer;

37. Extract Superclass:


// Before
typedef struct {
char name[20];
} Name;
typedef struct {
Name name;
int age;
// other fields
} Person;
typedef struct {
Name name;
float salary;
// other fields
} Employee;

// After
typedef struct {
char name[20];
} Name;
typedef struct {
Name name;
// other fields
} Person;
typedef struct {
Person person;
int age;
} Employee;

38. Extract Subclass:


// Before
typedef struct {
int isManager;
int isEngineer;
// other fields
} Employee;

// After
typedef struct {
// common fields
} Employee;
typedef struct {
Employee employee;
// specific fields
} Manager;
typedef struct {
Employee employee;
// specific fields
} Engineer;

39. Form Template Method:


// Before
void processOrder(Order order) {
// Process order
calculateTotal(order);
applyDiscount(order);
shipOrder(order);
}

// After
void processOrder(Order order) {
// Process order
calculateTotal(order);

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