UNDERSTANDING
Programming Fundamentals (CS-106) VARIABLES
What are Variables? 2
Variable is an identifier whose value can be changed
during program execution and are used to store values
Bits & Bytes 3
Bit is the smallest unit of information that can be
stored on a computer.
Bit consists of either 0 or 1.
A group of 8 bits is referred as Byte.
Building Blocks of Programming 4
The core function of a program is to store the
data and use them in constructive ways.
If there is no way to represent such data in a
clear fashion, then programming won’t be
possible.
Variable Declaration - Syntax 5
Syntax
define name as type
Examples:
Define age as integer
Define balance as float
6
We will see about each data type in the next few lectures
Integer Variable 7
Integer is a type of variable whose value can only be numeric
Integer Variable 8
Depending on the range of value you intend to store
and the programming language used, you can
typically define the integer variable as:
Short (2 bytes)
Int (4 bytes)
long (8 bytes)
Integer Variable - Syntax 9
Syntax:
define variable as integer
Integer Variable - Examples 10
Syntax:
define age as integer
age = 25
define TotalStudents as integer
TotalStudents = 35000
Integer Variable – Right Usage 11
define age as integer
age = 45.5
INCORRECT USAGE
define TotalStudents as integer
totalStudents = 35000
define students as integer
students = totalStudents
Float Variable 12
Float is a type of variable used to store
single-precision fraction values
13
Depending on the programming language, you can
typically define the Float variable as:
float (4 bytes)
double (8 bytes)
Float Variable - Syntax 14
Syntax:
define variable as float
Float Variable - Examples 15
Syntax:
define CurrentBalance as float
CurrentBalance = 2045.5
define timeTakenInHours as float
timeTakenInHours = 3.5
Float Variable – Right Usage 16
define CurrentBalance as float
CurrentBalance = 2045
define timeTakenInHours as integer
timeTakenInHours = 3.5
define currentBalance as float
CurrentBalance = 2045
Boolean Variable 17
Boolean is a type of variable whose value can be
either true or false only
Boolean Variables 18
They can’t have any other value assigned to them.
Boolean is also referred to as Bool in some
programming languages.
Used mostly for conditional checks. We will cover
about this in later section.
Boolean Variable - Syntax 19
Syntax:
define variable as boolean
Boolean Variable - Examples 20
define hasSucceeded as boolean
hasSucceeded = true
define isAllowed as boolean
isAllowed = false
Boolean Variable – Right Usage 21
define hasSucceeded as integer
hasSucceeded = true
define isAllowed as boolean
isAllowed = 0
define isAllowed as boolean
isAllowed = False
Character Variable 22
Characters are a single unit of alphabets, numbers,
or symbols
Character Variables 23
They typically take 1 byte of memory.
They are represented within single quotes.
For example: ‘i’,’P’,’5’,’3’,’.’
There values are case sensitive. Hence, ‘y’ is
different than ‘Y’.
Character Variable - Syntax 24
Syntax:
define variable as character
Character Variable – Right Usage 25
define delimiter as character
delimiter = ‘,.’
define prefixCharacter as character
prefixCharacter = ‘A’
prefixCharacter = ‘B’
String Variables 26
Strings are a sequence of characters
String Variables 27
For example, “iPhone” is a string which is basically a
collection of the characters ‘i’,’P’,’h’,’o’,’n’,’e’.
They are one of the most versatile types in a
programming language.
Programmers also use string variables to hold values
of other data types such as integer, float, date, etc.
String Variable - Syntax 28
Syntax:
define variable as stringe
String Variable - Examples 29
define result as string
result = “Success”
define errorMessage as string
errorMessage = “Invalid parameters”
String Variable – Right Usage 30
define result as character
result = “Success”
define result as string
result = “A”
define errorMessage as string
errorMessage = “Invalid” “parameters”
References 31
Fundamentals of Programming Languages #2 |
Understanding Variables – YouTube
(CodeWithPraveen)
Lecture 2:(Part 2) Algorithms and FlowCharts in
C++ | Algorithms and Flowcharts | The Kacs –
YouTube (KACS Learning)
Lecture 3: Get started with C++ in urdu | C++ |
The Kacs – YouTube (KACS Learning)
Assignment #2 32
1. Write the following decimal numbers in 8-bit Binary format:
(https://byjus.com/maths/decimal-to-binary/)
a) 0
b) 15
c) 99
d) 129
e) 255
2. Write the following 8-bit binary numbers in decimal format:
(https://byjus.com/maths/binary-to-decimal-conversion/)
a) 00010001
b) 10000001
c) 10100101
d) 11011011
e) 11111111
Email: adeel.akram@uettaxila.edu.pk with Subject: Name/Reg - PF Assignment #2
