Create tar named archive.

tar containing
# tar cf archive.tar directory
directory

# tar xf archive.tar Extract the contents from archive.tar

Display Linux system information # uname -a

Create a gzip compressed tar file name
# tar czf archive.tar.gz directory
archive.tar.gz
ARCHIVES (TAR FILES) Display kernel release information # uname -r

# tar xzf archive.tar.gz Extract a gzip compressed tar file Show how long the system has been
# uptime
running + load
# tar cjf archive.tar.bz2 directory Create a tar file with bzip2 compression
SYSTEM INFORMATION
# yum search keyword Search for a package by keyword Show system host name # hostname
# tar xjf archive.tar.bz2 Extract a bzip2 compressed tar file

# yum install package Install package Show system reboot history # last reboot

Display description and summary information Display who is online #w

# yum info package_name
about package
Who you are logged in as # whoami

Install package from local file named (RPM based distributions)

# rpm -i package.rpm
package.rpm

# yum remove package Remove/uninstall package

# tar zxvf sourcecode.tar.gz Display messages in kernel ring buffer # dmesg

# cd sourcecode
#./configure Install software from source code
# make INSTALLING PACKAGES Display CPU information # cat /proc/cpuinfo
# make install

Display memory information # cat /proc/meminfo

HARDWARE INFORMATION
# apt-cache search keyword Search for a package by keyword
Display free and used memory (-h for human
# free -h
readable, -m for MB, -g for GB.)
# apt install package_name Install package
Display and manage the top processes # top

Display description and summary information Display DMI/SMBIOS (hardware info) from
# apt show package_name (DPM based distributions) # dmidecode Display processor related statistics # mpstat 1
about package the BIOS

Display virtual memory statistics # vmstat 1

# apt remove --purge package_name Remove/uninstall package

# dpkg -i <package_name.deb> Install software from source code Display the last 100 syslog messages (Use /
# tail 100 /var/log/messages
PERFORMANCE MONITORING var/log/syslog for Debian based systems.)
AND STATISTICS

Capture and display all packets on interface

# tcpdump -i eth0
eth0

# grep pattern file Search for pattern in file

Monitor all traffic on port 80 ( HTTP ) # tcpdump -i eth0 port 80

# grep -r pattern directory Search recursively for pattern in directory

Execute "df -h", showing periodic updates # watch df –h

# locate name Find files and directories by name
SEARCH

Find files in /home/john that start with "

# find /home/john -name 'prefix*'
prefix"

Display the user and group ids of your

# id
# find /home -size +100M Find files larger than 100MB in /home current user.

Display the last users who have logged onto

# ssh host Connect to host as your local username # last
the system.
List all files in a long listing (detailed) format # ls –al
# ssh user@host Connect to host as user SSH LOGINS
Show who is logged in and what they are
#w Display the present working directory # pwd
# ssh -p port user@host Connect to host using port doing (w or who).

USER INFORMATION AND Create a directory # mkdir directory

MANAGEMENT Create a group named "test" # groupadd test

Linux
Remove (delete) file # rm file

Create an account named john, with a

Commands comment of "John Smith" and create the

user's home directory
# useradd -c "John Smith" -m john Remove the directory and its contents
recursively
# rm -r directory

Created by @0xCyberY 

Delete the john account # userdel john Force removal of file without prompting for
# rm -f file
confirmation
Add the john account to the sales group # usermod -aG sales john

Forcefully remove directory recursively # rm -rf directory

Copy file1 to file2 # cp file1 file2

Secure copy file.txt to the /tmp folder on
# scp file.txt server:/tmp
server

Copy source_directory recursively to

Copy *.html files from server to the local / destination. If destination exists, copy source_
# scp server:/var/www/*.html /tmp directory into destination, otherwise create # cp -r source_directory destination
tmp folder.
destination with the contents of source_
FILE AND DIRECTORY COMMANDS directory

Copy all files and directories recursively FILE TRANSFERS

# scp -r server:/var/www /tmp from server to the current system's /tmp
folder.
Rename or move file1 to file2. If file2 is an
existing directory, move file1 into directory # mv file1 file2
file2
# rsync -a /home /backups/ Synchronize /home to /backups/home

Synchronize files/directories between the Create symbolic link to linkname # ln -s /path/to/file linkname
# rsync -avz /home server:/backups/
local and remote system with

Display your currently running processes # ps

Create an empty file or update the access
# touch file
and modification times of file

Display all the currently running processes

# ps -ef
on the system
View the contents of file # cat file
Show free and used space on mounted
# df -h
filesystems Display and manage the top processes # top Browse through a text file # less file

Kill process with process ID of pid # kill <PID> Display the first 10 lines of file # head file
Show free and used inodes on mounted
# df -i
filesystems
PROCESS MANAGEMENT Kill all processes named processname # kill <process name> Display the last 10 lines of file # tail file

# fdisk -l Display disks partitions sizes and types DISK USAGE

Start program/script in the background # <program name>&
Display the last 10 lines of file and "follow"
# tail –f file
the file as it grows
Display disk usage for all files and directories Display stopped or background jobs # bg
# du -ah
in human readable format

Brings the most recent background job to

# fg
foreground
Display total disk usage off the current
# du -sh
directory

Brings job n to the foreground # fg n

rwx rwx rwx # chmod 777 filename

rwx rwx r-x # chmod 775 filename

PERMISSION rwx r-x r-x # chmod 755 filename

rw- rw- r-- # chmod 664 filename

rw- r-- r-- # chmod 644 filename

u= User
To go up one level of the directory tree FILE PERMISSIONS Linux chmod example 
# cd ..
(Change into the parent directory.)
g= Group

# cd ~/ Go to the $HOME directory

DIRECTORY NAVIGATION o= Others

# cd /etc Change to the /etc directory r = Read

LEGEND
w = write

x = execute

s = setuid

Display all network interfaces and ip address # ifconfig -a

- = no access
- To enter insert mode, use: i key or Ins Key.
- Type in the text. Display eth0 address and details # ifconfig <eth0>
- To leave insert mode and return to
command mode, press: <Esc>
- In command mode, save changes and exit
# vi filename <Return>  Query or control network driver and
vi by typing: :wq <Return> You are back at # ethtool <eth0>
hardware settings
the Unix prompt.
- To exit without saving changes, use :q. To
override changes and exit without saving,
use :q! Send ICMP echo request to host # ping <host-ip>
To enter vi, nano and editi file EDITING THE FILES

Display whois information for domain # whois <domain>

# nano filename 
NETWORKING Display DNS information for domain # dig <domain>

Reverse lookup of IP_ADDRESS # dig -x <IP_ADDRESS>

Display DNS ip address for domain # host <domain>

Display the network address of the host name # hostname -i

Download http://domain.com/file # wget http://domain.com/file

Display listening tcp and udp ports and

# netstat -nutlp
corresponding programs