✅ 1.

Hello World Program

public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello, World!");
}
}

✅ 2. Simple Calculator
import java.util.Scanner;

public class SimpleCalculator {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("Enter first number: ");

double num1 = input.nextDouble();

System.out.print("Enter second number: ");

double num2 = input.nextDouble();

System.out.println("Choose operation (+ - * /): ");

char op = input.next().charAt(0);

double result = 0;
switch (op) {
case '+': result = num1 + num2; break;
case '-': result = num1 - num2; break;
case '*': result = num1 * num2; break;
case '/': result = num2 != 0 ? num1 / num2 : Double.NaN; break;
default: System.out.println("Invalid operation"); return;
}

System.out.println("Result: " + result);

}
}

✅ 3. Even or Odd Checker

import java.util.Scanner;

public class EvenOddChecker {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = input.nextInt();

if (num % 2 == 0)
 System.out.println("Even");
else
System.out.println("Odd");
}
}

✅ 4. Leap Year Checker

import java.util.Scanner;

public class LeapYearChecker {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter year: ");
int year = input.nextInt();

boolean isLeap = (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || (year % 400 ==

0);
System.out.println(year + " is " + (isLeap ? "a Leap Year" : "not a
Leap Year"));
}
}

✅ 5. Multiplication Table
import java.util.Scanner;

public class MultiplicationTable {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = input.nextInt();

for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {

System.out.println(num + " x " + i + " = " + (num * i));
}
}
}

✅ 6. Data Type Demonstration

public class DataTypeDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10;
float b = 5.5f;
double c = 9.99;
char d = 'A';
boolean e = true;

System.out.println("int: " + a);

System.out.println("float: " + b);
System.out.println("double: " + c);
 System.out.println("char: " + d);
System.out.println("boolean: " + e);
}
}

✅ 7. Type Casting Example

public class TypeCastingExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
double d = 10.75;
int i = (int) d; // explicit cast

int j = 20;
double newDouble = j; // implicit cast

System.out.println("Double to Int: " + i);

System.out.println("Int to Double: " + newDouble);
}
}

✅ 8. Operator Precedence
public class OperatorPrecedence {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int result = 10 + 5 * 2;
System.out.println("Result: " + result); // 10 + (5*2) = 20
}
}

9. Grade Calculator
// GradeCalculator.java
import java.util.Scanner;

public class GradeCalculator {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter marks out of 100: ");
int marks = sc.nextInt();

if (marks >= 90 && marks <= 100) {

System.out.println("Grade: A");
} else if (marks >= 80) {
System.out.println("Grade: B");
} else if (marks >= 70) {
System.out.println("Grade: C");
} else if (marks >= 60) {
System.out.println("Grade: D");
} else {
System.out.println("Grade: F");
 }
}
}

10. Number Guessing Game

// NumberGuessingGame.java
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Random;

public class NumberGuessingGame {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
Random rand = new Random();
int numberToGuess = rand.nextInt(100) + 1;
int guess;

do {
System.out.print("Guess a number between 1 and 100: ");
guess = sc.nextInt();

if (guess < numberToGuess) {

System.out.println("Too low!");
} else if (guess > numberToGuess) {
System.out.println("Too high!");
} else {
System.out.println("Correct! You guessed the number.");
}
} while (guess != numberToGuess);
}
}

11. Factorial Calculator

// FactorialCalculator.java
import java.util.Scanner;

public class FactorialCalculator {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a non-negative integer: ");
int num = sc.nextInt();

long factorial = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= num; i++) {
factorial *= i;
}

System.out.println("Factorial of " + num + " is " + factorial);

}
}
12. Method Overloading
// MethodOverloading.java
public class MethodOverloading {
public static int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}

public static double add(double a, double b) {

return a + b;
}

public static int add(int a, int b, int c) {

return a + b + c;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("Add two ints: " + add(2, 3));
System.out.println("Add two doubles: " + add(2.5, 3.5));
System.out.println("Add three ints: " + add(1, 2, 3));
}
}

13. Recursive Fibonacci

// RecursiveFibonacci.java
import java.util.Scanner;

public class RecursiveFibonacci {

public static int fibonacci(int n) {
if (n <= 1) return n;
return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a positive integer: ");
int n = sc.nextInt();
System.out.println("Fibonacci number at position " + n + " is " +
fibonacci(n));
}
}

14. Array Sum and Average

// ArraySumAverage.java
import java.util.Scanner;

public class ArraySumAverage {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter number of elements: ");
 int n = sc.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];
int sum = 0;

System.out.println("Enter elements:");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = sc.nextInt();
sum += arr[i];
}

double avg = (double) sum / n;

System.out.println("Sum: " + sum);
System.out.println("Average: " + avg);
}
}

15. String Reversal

// StringReversal.java
import java.util.Scanner;

public class StringReversal {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a string: ");
String str = sc.nextLine();

StringBuilder reversed = new StringBuilder(str);

System.out.println("Reversed string: " + reversed.reverse());
}
}

16. Palindrome Checker

// PalindromeChecker.java
import java.util.Scanner;

public class PalindromeChecker {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a string: ");
String input = sc.nextLine().replaceAll("[^A-Za-z0-9]",
"").toLowerCase();

String reversed = new StringBuilder(input).reverse().toString();

if (input.equals(reversed)) {
System.out.println("It's a palindrome.");
} else {
System.out.println("Not a palindrome.");
}
}
}
17. Class and Object Creation
// CarDemo.java
class Car {
String make, model;
int year;

void displayDetails() {
System.out.println("Make: " + make + ", Model: " + model + ", Year: "
+ year);
}
}

public class CarDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Car myCar = new Car();
myCar.make = "Toyota";
myCar.model = "Camry";
myCar.year = 2022;
myCar.displayDetails();
}
}

18. Inheritance Example

// InheritanceExample.java
class Animal {
void makeSound() {
System.out.println("Animal makes a sound");
}
}

class Dog extends Animal {

@Override
void makeSound() {
System.out.println("Bark");
}
}

public class InheritanceExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Animal a = new Animal();
Dog d = new Dog();
a.makeSound();
d.makeSound();
}
}

19. Interface Implementation

// InterfaceDemo.java
interface Playable {
void play();
}
class Guitar implements Playable {
public void play() {
System.out.println("Guitar is playing");
}
}

class Piano implements Playable {

public void play() {
System.out.println("Piano is playing");
}
}

public class InterfaceDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Playable g = new Guitar();
Playable p = new Piano();
g.play();
p.play();
}
}

20. Try-Catch Example

// TryCatchExample.java
import java.util.Scanner;

public class TryCatchExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
try {
System.out.print("Enter numerator: ");
int a = sc.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter denominator: ");
int b = sc.nextInt();
int result = a / b;
System.out.println("Result: " + result);
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Cannot divide by zero.");
}
}
}

21. Custom Exception

// CustomExceptionDemo.java
import java.util.Scanner;

class InvalidAgeException extends Exception {

InvalidAgeException(String message) {
super(message);
}
}
public class CustomExceptionDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter your age: ");
int age = sc.nextInt();

try {
if (age < 18) {
throw new InvalidAgeException("Age must be at least 18.");
} else {
System.out.println("Age is valid.");
}
} catch (InvalidAgeException e) {
System.out.println("Exception: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

22. File Writing

// FileWriterDemo.java
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class FileWriterDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter text to write to file: ");
String text = sc.nextLine();

try {
FileWriter writer = new FileWriter("output.txt");
writer.write(text);
writer.close();
System.out.println("Text written to output.txt");
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("An error occurred.");
}
}
}

23. File Reading

// FileReaderDemo.java
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;

public class FileReaderDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new
FileReader("output.txt"));
 String line;
System.out.println("Contents of output.txt:");
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(line);
}
reader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("An error occurred while reading the file.");
}
}
}

24. ArrayList Example

// ArrayListExample.java
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class ArrayListExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
ArrayList<String> students = new ArrayList<>();

System.out.println("Enter student names (type 'exit' to stop):");

while (true) {
String name = sc.nextLine();
if (name.equalsIgnoreCase("exit")) break;
students.add(name);
}

System.out.println("Student names:");
for (String s : students) {
System.out.println(s);
}
}
}

25. HashMap Example

// HashMapExample.java
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class HashMapExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
HashMap<Integer, String> studentMap = new HashMap<>();

System.out.println("Enter student ID and name (type -1 to stop):");

while (true) {
System.out.print("ID: ");
int id = sc.nextInt();
if (id == -1) break;
sc.nextLine(); // consume newline
 System.out.print("Name: ");
String name = sc.nextLine();
studentMap.put(id, name);
}

System.out.print("Enter ID to search: ");

int searchId = sc.nextInt();
String name = studentMap.get(searchId);
if (name != null) {
System.out.println("Student Name: " + name);
} else {
System.out.println("Student ID not found.");
}
}
}

26. Thread Creation

// ThreadExample.java
class MyThread extends Thread {
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(getName() + " is running...");
}
}
}

public class ThreadExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
MyThread t1 = new MyThread();
MyThread t2 = new MyThread();

t1.setName("Thread 1");
t2.setName("Thread 2");

t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}

27. Lambda Expressions – Sort a list of strings

// LambdaSort.java

Import java.util.*;

Public class LambdaSort {

 Public static void main(String[] args) {

List<String> names = Arrays.asList(“Zara”, “Alex”, “Mike”, “John”);

// Sort using lambda

Collections.sort(names, (a, b) -> a.compareToIgnoreCase(b));

System.out.println(“Sorted list:”);

Names.forEach(System.out::println);

28. Stream API – Filter even numbers

// StreamEvenFilter.java

Import java.util.*;

Import java.util.stream.Collectors;

Public class StreamEvenFilter {

Public static void main(String[] args) {

List<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16);

 List<Integer> evens = numbers.stream()

.filter(n -> n % 2 == 0)

.collect(Collectors.toList());

System.out.println(“Even numbers: “ + evens);

29. Records (Java 16+)

// PersonRecord.java

Import java.util.*;

Import java.util.stream.Collectors;

Record Person(String name, int age) {}

Public class PersonRecord {

Public static void main(String[] args) {

List<Person> people = List.of(

New Person(“Alice”, 22),

New Person(“Bob”, 17),

 New Person(“Charlie”, 25)

);

System.out.println(“All Persons:”);

People.forEach(System.out::println);

List<Person> adults = people.stream()

.filter(p -> p.age() >= 18)

.collect(Collectors.toList());

System.out.println(“Adults:”);

Adults.forEach(System.out::println);

30. Pattern Matching for switch (Java 21)

// PatternMatchingSwitch.java

Public class PatternMatchingSwitch {

Public static void printType(Object obj) {

Switch (obj) {
 Case Integer I -> System.out.println(“It’s an Integer: “ + i);

Case String s -> System.out.println(“It’s a String: “ + s);

Case Double d -> System.out.println(“It’s a Double: “ + d);

Default -> System.out.println(“Unknown type: “ + obj);

Public static void main(String[] args) {

printType(42);

printType(“Hello”);

printType(3.14);

printType(true);

➢ Make sure to compile with –enable-preview –release 21 if you’re using Java 21

preview features.

31. Basic JDBC Connection (MySQL example)

// JdbcSelect.java

Import java.sql.*;

Public class JdbcSelect {

Public static void main(String[] args) {

String url = “jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/college”;

String user = “root”;

String password = “yourpassword”;

Try (Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);

Statement stmt = conn.createStatement()) {

ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(“SELECT * FROM students”);

While (rs.next()) {

System.out.println(rs.getInt(“id”) + “ – “ + rs.getString(“name”));

} catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}
32. Insert and Update Operations in JDBC

// StudentDAO.java

Import java.sql.*;

Public class StudentDAO {

Private Connection conn;

Public StudentDAO(String url, String user, String password) throws SQLException {

Conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);

Public void insertStudent(int id, String name) throws SQLException {

String sql = “INSERT INTO students (id, name) VALUES (?, ?)”;

Try (PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {

Ps.setInt(1, id);

Ps.setString(2, name);

Ps.executeUpdate();

System.out.println(“Inserted student: “ + name);

}
 Public void updateStudent(int id, String newName) throws SQLException {

String sql = “UPDATE students SET name=? WHERE id=?”;

Try (PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {

Ps.setString(1, newName);

Ps.setInt(2, id);

Ps.executeUpdate();

System.out.println(“Updated student with ID: “ + id);

Public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {

StudentDAO dao = new StudentDAO(“jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/college”, “root”,

“yourpassword”);

Dao.insertStudent(101, “Ayesha”);

Dao.updateStudent(101, “Ayesha S.”);

33. Transaction Handling in JDBC

// JdbcTransaction.java
Import java.sql.*;

Public class JdbcTransaction {

Public static void main(String[] args) {

String url = “jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bank”;

String user = “root”;

String password = “yourpassword”;

Try (Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password)) {

Conn.setAutoCommit(false);

Try (PreparedStatement debit = conn.prepareStatement(“UPDATE accounts SET balance

= balance - ? WHERE id = ?”);

PreparedStatement credit = conn.prepareStatement(“UPDATE accounts SET balance

= balance + ? WHERE id = ?”)) {

Debit.setDouble(1, 500);

Debit.setInt(2, 1); // sender ID

Credit.setDouble(1, 500);

Credit.setInt(2, 2); // receiver ID

Debit.executeUpdate();

Credit.executeUpdate();
 Conn.commit();

System.out.println(“Transaction successful.”);

} catch (SQLException e) {

Conn.rollback();

System.out.println(“Transaction failed, rolled back.”);

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (SQLException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

34. Create and Use Java Modules

Structure:

Project/

│
├── com.utils/

│ ├── module-info.java

│ └── Utils.java

└── com.greetings/

├── module-info.java

└── Main.java

Com.utils/module-info.java

Module com.utils {

Exports com.utils;

Com.utils/Utils.java

Package com.utils;

Public class Utils {

Public static String greet(String name) {

Return “Hello, “ + name + “!”;

}
Com.greetings/module-info.java

Module com.greetings {

Requires com.utils;

Com.greetings/Main.java

Package com.greetings;

Import com.utils.Utils;

Public class Main {

Public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println(Utils.greet(“Viquar”));

Compile & Run:

Javac -d out –module-source-path . $(find . -name “*.java”)

Java –module-path out -m com.greetings/com.greetings.Main

35. TCP Client-Server Chat

Server.java

Import java.io.*;

Import java.net.*;

Public class Server {

Public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(5000);

System.out.println(“Server started…”);

Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();

BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new

InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));

PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);

BufferedReader console = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

String msg;

While (!(msg = reader.readLine()).equalsIgnoreCase(“exit”)) {

System.out.println(“Client: “ + msg);
System.out.print(“You: “);

Writer.println(console.readLine());

}
 Socket.close();

serverSocket.close();

Client.java

Import java.io.*;
Import java.net.*;

Public class Client {

Public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

Socket socket = new Socket(“localhost”, 5000);

BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new

InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));

PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);

BufferedReader console = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

String msg;

While (true) {
System.out.print(“You: “);

Writer.println(console.readLine());

Msg = reader.readLine();
If (msg.equalsIgnoreCase(“exit”)) break;

System.out.println(“Server: “ + msg);

}
 Socket.close();

36. HTTP Client API (Java 11+)

Import java.net.URI;
Import java.net.http.*;

Import java.io.IOException;

Public class HttpExample {

Public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {

HttpClient client = HttpClient.newHttpClient();

HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()

.uri(URI.create(https://api.github.com))

.build();

HttpResponse<String> response = client.send(request,

HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());

System.out.println(“Status: “ + response.statusCode());
System.out.println(“Body:\n” + response.body());

}
37. Using javap to Inspect Bytecode

Public class BytecodeExample {

Public void greet() {

System.out.println(“Hello, Bytecode!”);

}
}

Commands:

Javac BytecodeExample.java

Javap -c BytecodeExample

38. Decompile a Class File

1. Write a simple Java class:

Public class Hello {

Public String sayHello() {

Return “Hello World!”;

}
}

2. Compile: javac Hello.java

3. Open Hello.class in JD-GUI or CFR to see decompiled output.

39. Reflection in Java

Import java.lang.reflect.*;

Public class ReflectDemo {

Public void greet(String name) {

System.out.println(“Hello, “ + name);

Public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(“ReflectDemo”);

Object obj = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();

For (Method method : clazz.getDeclaredMethods()) {

System.out.println(“Method: “ + method.getName());

}
 Method greet = clazz.getDeclaredMethod(“greet”, String.class);

Greet.invoke(obj, “Java”);

40. Virtual Threads (Java 21)

Public class VirtualThreadsDemo {

Public static void main(String[] args) {

Long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

For (int I = 0; I < 100_000; i++) {

Thread.startVirtualThread(() -> System.out.print(“”));

Long end = System.currentTimeMillis();

System.out.println(“Completed in “ + (end – start) + “ms”);

41. ExecutorService and Callable

Import java.util.concurrent.*;

Import java.util.*;
Public class ExecutorCallableDemo {

Public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);

List<Callable<String>> tasks = new ArrayList<>();

For (int I = 1; I <= 5; i++) {

Int id = I;

Tasks.add(() -> “Task “ + id + “ executed”);

}

List<Future<String>> results = executor.invokeAll(tasks);

For (Future<String> result : results) {

System.out.println(result.get());

Executor.shutdown();