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Adjectives

are descriptive words. An adjective is a word which qualifies a noun, that is, shows or points out some distinguishing mark or feature of the noun. There are four types of adjectives which are: Qualitative adjectives Classifying adjectives Attributive adjectives Predicative adjectives

Qualitative adjectives give information about the qualities of the noun they modify and it is gradable. By putting certain words in front of them and grading them, we are able to comment on how much of the quality the noun has. For example: an intelligent student a highly intelligent student a fairly intelligent student The use of highly and fairly makes a big difference to the meaning. Qualitative adjectives can also be comparative or superlative:
Absolute Tall Beautiful

Comparative
Superlative

Tallest
Taller

More beautiful
Most beautiful

Classifying adjectives are adjectives that classify its nouns and it is non gradable. Classifying adjectives must be placed immediately next to the noun, with describing adjectives next to the classifying adjective, e.g. a large multinational corporation, rather than a multinational large corporation. Further examples:

Correct Outdoor sports Foreign exchange market

Wrong This sport is outdoor Exchange foreign market

Attributive adjectives are part of the noun phrase headed by the noun they modify. For example; happy is the attributive adjective in happy friends. Attributive adjectives usually leads their nouns in simple phrases, but often follow their nouns when the adjective is modified or qualified by a phrase acting as an adverb. For example, I saw three happy kids and I saw three kids happy enough to jump up and down with glee. Other examples are: The big house The interesting book The poor child The courier company provides nationwide service

Predicative adjectives are adjectives that follows a linking verb and modifies (directly refers to) the subject( noun or pronoun) of the sentence. Examples of sentences with predicative pronouns: I. People are interested in this game. II. Watching the championship was fun. III. Andrya argues that cheering for a team can be nervewreaking too. IV. Nycholas does not seem scared of them. V. The two teams look very similar in the way they play the game. VI. If you are not careful, the whole team is going to judge you on what you do today.

There is a total of six features of adjectives which are forms, types/functions, gradability, comparison and order.

One-word adjectives ~Adjectives that can describe a situation or objects accurately and clearly understood. ~E.g. Attentive listener, Strong man, Fast car Compound adjectives ~Two or more adjectives work together to form the same noun. ~ E.g. Well-dressed, Good-looking, Open-minded Participial adjectives ~Adjective coincident with the ing or ed form of the verb to which it is related. ~ E.g. Loving parents, Alarming issues, Confused Allen Noun as an adjective ~Noun converted into an adjective because placed before another noun. ~ E.g. A five-room house, A ten-year-old boy

Colour ~Describes the colour of something. ~E.g. Green guava, Purple blouse, White door Classifying ~Classifying nouns. ~E.g. A large multinational corporation Qualitative ~Give information about the qualities of the noun they modify. ~ E.g. A highly creative artist. Emphasising ~To emphasize feelings towards something ~E.g. A perfect success; Genuine pleasure to; A complete idiot; A raving lunatic; Pure bliss; In utter despair; Total rubbish; The very thing; In entire agreement with

Attributives ~Comes before a noun and not after a copula verb(linking verb) to the complement. ~Modifies of describes a noun or pronoun. ~E.g. Bradd Pitt is a handsome man. Angelina Jolie is a beautiful woman. This is a delicious piece of sushi. That is a large tree. Predicatives ~Comes after a copula verb(linking verb) and not before a noun to the complement. ~E.g. The book is big. This man is alone. The beach was sandy. She is ready to face the consequences of her actions.

Gradable ~Have different degrees and can be graded ~E.g. Its a bit cold in here. Shall I turn the fire on? Hes very interested in history books. Why dont you get him one? This exercise is really difficult. I dont know any of the answers. Im extremely tired. Im going to bed. Non-gradable ~Do not have different degrees and thus cannot be graded ~E.g. Its absolutely freezing in here. Shall I turn the fire on? Hes completely fascinated by history. Why dont you get him a history book? This exercise is absolutely impossible. That film is really terrifying! *Note that really can be used with both gradable and non-gradable nouns.

Positive ~Simple form of the adjective without expressing increase or diminution of the original quality. ~E.g. Amazing, Fabulous, Fantastic, Great, Ultimate, Stellar,etc. Comparative ~To compare the difference between 2 nouns ~E.g His dog is bigger than my sisters dog. The light is brighter on the other side. Her situation is going from bad to worse. Superlative ~To compare 3 or more nouns ~E.g William is the tallest in his class. Marys house is the biggest in town. I am in the smallest class in the institute. The house at the end of the street is the nicest.

Used when more than one adjective is used to describe a noun. The order of adjectives is as following:
a, an, her, five, many, much, several etc. pretty, ugly, smart, cheap, etc big, fat, thin, tall, large, small etc. circle, square, tall, short etc. old, young 10 years, a year, a week, new etc yellow, green, pink etc. American, English, Asian, Middle Eastern, African, European, Chinese cotton, wood, plastic, cloth, glass, gold etc. hat box, sleeping bag, computer table,safe island, football field.

Determiner Opinion Size Shape Age Colour Origin Material Purpose/Qualifier

Examples of sentences using the order of adjectives:

3. A big square blue box.

7. The library has old and new books.