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    Phylum Platyhelminthes

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    Budi Afriyansyah
    The phylum Platyhelminthes includes flatworms such as flukes, tapeworms, and turbellarians. It contains four classes: Turbellaria, which includes most free-living flatworms; Trematoda, which contains flukes that are internal parasites; Cestoda, containing tapeworms; and Monogenea. Turbellarians live in marine and freshwater environments and can regenerate tissues. Tapeworms and flukes have complex lifecycles involving multiple hosts. Parasitic flatworms generally have less developed nervous systems than free-living ones.

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    Phylum Platyhelminthes

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    Budi Afriyansyah
    166 views19 pages
    The phylum Platyhelminthes includes flatworms such as flukes, tapeworms, and turbellarians. It contains four classes: Turbellaria, which includes most free-living flatworms; Trematoda, which contains flukes that are internal parasites; Cestoda, containing tapeworms; and Monogenea. Turbellarians live in marine and freshwater environments and can regenerate tissues. Tapeworms and flukes have complex lifecycles involving multiple hosts. Parasitic flatworms generally have less developed nervous systems than free-living ones.

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    The phylum Platyhelminthes includes flatworms such as flukes, tapeworms, and turbellarians. It contains four classes: Turbellaria, which includes most free-living flatworms; Trematoda, which contains flukes that are internal parasites; Cestoda, containing tapeworms; and Monogenea. Turbellarians live in marine and freshwater environments and can regenerate tissues. Tapeworms and flukes have complex lifecycles involving multiple hosts. Parasitic flatworms generally have less developed nervous systems than free-living ones.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    166 views19 pages

    Phylum Platyhelminthes

    Uploaded by

    Budi Afriyansyah
    The phylum Platyhelminthes includes flatworms such as flukes, tapeworms, and turbellarians. It contains four classes: Turbellaria, which includes most free-living flatworms; Trematoda, which contains flukes that are internal parasites; Cestoda, containing tapeworms; and Monogenea. Turbellarians live in marine and freshwater environments and can regenerate tissues. Tapeworms and flukes have complex lifecycles involving multiple hosts. Parasitic flatworms generally have less developed nervous systems than free-living ones.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Phylum Platyhelminthes

    Flatworms Flukes Tapeworms

    Phylum Platyhelminthes

    Phylum Platyhelminthes

    The phylum consists of four classes


    Turbellaria Trematoda Cestoda

    Triclad Flatworm

    Phylum Platyhelminthes

    Reproduction

    Almost all are simultaneous hermaphrodites Parasitic species (flukes and tapeworms) have complex lifecycles, with various hosts and several different larval stages Incredible powers of regeneration

    Phylum Platyhelminthes

    Nervous System

    Free-living species usually have a well-developed sensory system Parasites generally have less elaborate systems.

    WHY?

    Phylum Platyhelminthes

    Taxonomic Summary

    Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)


    Class Turbellaria Class Cestoda Class Trematoda Class Monogeneans

    Phylum Platyhelminthes

    Class Turbellaria

    Most are freeliving, tiny and inconspicuous

    Primarily marine and freshwater

    Free-living Flatworm

    Phylum Platyhelminthes

    Flatworm Body Plans


    Exhibit bilateral symmetry, acoelomate, and are triploblastic Parenchyma tissue

    Phylum Platyhelminthes

    Digestion and Excretion

    Mouth is usually located at the anterior end or mid-body on ventral surface Excretory system Contains flame bulbs

    Phylum Platyhelminthes

    Regeneration

    Many species posses remarkable powers of regeneration and repair wounds

    Phylum Platyhelminthes

    Turbellarian Lifestyles

    Most are benthic Posses several nerve cords with a centralized ganglia (brain)

    10

    Phylum Platyhelminthes

    Turbellarian Habits

    Some species also have a protrusible pharynx that captures food and transfers it into the mouth Can be carnivores or scavenge on dead animals and detritus

    11

    Phylum Platyhelminthes

    Reproduction

    Reproduction occurs with the reciprocal exchange of sperm Fertilized eggs are released and usually develop directly into flatworms

    Muller's larva
    Phylum Platyhelminthes

    12

    Class Cestoda (Tapeworms)

    Defining characteristics

    Scolex Proglottids

    13

    Phylum Platyhelminthes

    Proglottids

    Proglottids Each animal can be 3,000 4,000 per animal Amazing reproductive output Each may contain several ovaries and 1,000 distinct testes
    Phylum Platyhelminthes

    14

    Beef tapeworm

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    Phylum Platyhelminthes

    Problems of a parasitic existence


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    Reproduce within the definitive host Get fertilized eggs out of the host Contact a new and appropriate host Obtain entrance into the host Locate the appropriate environment within the host Maintain position within the host Withstand an often anaerobic environment Avoid digestion or attack by the hosts immune system Avoid killing the host, at least until reproduction is completed
    Phylum Platyhelminthes

    Class Trematoda (Flukes)

    All are external and internal parasites of other animals Leech-like bodies with a sucker at each end Have a gut and welldeveloped reproductive system, never segmented

    17

    Phylum Platyhelminthes

    Trematoda Lifecycles

    The lifecycle is complex with up to 4 different hosts and several larval types

    18

    Phylum Platyhelminthes

    Trematodes of Concern

    Schistosomiasis

    Chinese liver fluke

    Deadly prominent disease in many regions of the world Bores into the skin of the definitive host and travels in the circulatory system to the heart the lungs and the kidneys where it feeds and grows Inflammation is caused by eggs becoming trapped in the hosts tissues

    Lives in the bile duct of humans, cats, and dogs (1-2 cm.) Goes through two intermediate hosts Infection occurs from ingestion of raw fish

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    Phylum Platyhelminthes

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