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    Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flatworms Monogenian

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    Haekal Haekal
    The phylum Platyhelminthes contains four classes of flatworms: Turbellaria, which are mostly free-living freshwater and marine flatworms; Trematoda, which are endoparasitic flukes; Cestoda, which are tapeworms; and Monogenea, which are monogenean flatworms. Many flatworms are hermaphrodites and parasites have complex lifecycles involving multiple hosts. Free-living flatworms generally have well-developed sensory and nervous systems, while parasitic flatworms tend to have reduced systems adapted to their parasitic lifestyles.

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    Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flatworms Monogenian

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    Haekal Haekal
    861 views27 pages
    The phylum Platyhelminthes contains four classes of flatworms: Turbellaria, which are mostly free-living freshwater and marine flatworms; Trematoda, which are endoparasitic flukes; Cestoda, which are tapeworms; and Monogenea, which are monogenean flatworms. Many flatworms are hermaphrodites and parasites have complex lifecycles involving multiple hosts. Free-living flatworms generally have well-developed sensory and nervous systems, while parasitic flatworms tend to have reduced systems adapted to their parasitic lifestyles.

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    Lab07c_Platyhelminthes

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    The phylum Platyhelminthes contains four classes of flatworms: Turbellaria, which are mostly free-living freshwater and marine flatworms; Trematoda, which are endoparasitic flukes; Cestoda, which are tapeworms; and Monogenea, which are monogenean flatworms. Many flatworms are hermaphrodites and parasites have complex lifecycles involving multiple hosts. Free-living flatworms generally have well-developed sensory and nervous systems, while parasitic flatworms tend to have reduced systems adapted to their parasitic lifestyles.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    861 views27 pages

    Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flatworms Monogenian

    Uploaded by

    Haekal Haekal
    The phylum Platyhelminthes contains four classes of flatworms: Turbellaria, which are mostly free-living freshwater and marine flatworms; Trematoda, which are endoparasitic flukes; Cestoda, which are tapeworms; and Monogenea, which are monogenean flatworms. Many flatworms are hermaphrodites and parasites have complex lifecycles involving multiple hosts. Free-living flatworms generally have well-developed sensory and nervous systems, while parasitic flatworms tend to have reduced systems adapted to their parasitic lifestyles.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 27

    Phylum Platyhelminthes

    Flatworms Monogenian

    Flukes Tapeworms
    1
    Phylum Platyhelminthes
    The phylum consists of
    four classes
    – Turbellaria (flatworm)
    – Trematoda (fluke)
    – Cestoda (tapeworm)
    – Monogenian

    2
    Reproduction
     Almost all are
    simultaneous
    hermaphrodites
     Parasitic species (flukes
    and tapeworms) have
    complex lifecycles, with
    various hosts and
    several different larval
    stages
     Incredible powers of
    regeneration

    3 Phylum Platyhelminthes
    Nervous System
     Free-livingspecies
    usually have a well-
    developed sensory
    system
     Parasites generally have
    less elaborate systems.
    WHY?
    4 Phylum Platyhelminthes
    Taxonomic Summary

     Phylum Platyhelminthes
    (Flatworms)
    – Class Turbellaria
    – Class Cestoda
    – Class Trematoda
    – Class Monogeneans

    5 Phylum Platyhelminthes
    Class Turbellaria
    Most are free–living,
    benthic, tiny and
    inconspicuous
    – Primarily marine
    and freshwater,
    many interstitial
    Free-living
    – 4,500 species

    Flatworm

    6 Phylum Platyhelminthes
    Flatworm Body Plans
     bilateral symmetry
     Acoelomate
     triploblastic

    7
    Digestion
     Mouth is usually located at the anterior
    end or mid-body on ventral surface
     Some species also have a protrusible
    pharynx that captures food and transfers
    it into the mouth
    – Can be carnivores or scavenge on
    dead animals and detritus

    8
    Digestion
     Mouth is usually located at the
    anterior end or mid-body on ventral
    surface

    9
    Feeding Habits
     Some species also have a protrusible pharynx
    that captures food and transfers it into the
    mouth
    – Can be carnivores or scavenge on dead
    animals and detritus

    10
    Feeding Habits
    Excretion

     Excretory
    system
    – Contains
    flame bulbs

    12
    Nervous System
     Posses several
    nerve cords with
    a centralized
    ganglia (brain)
    Reproduction
     Reproduction occurs
    with the reciprocal
    exchange of sperm
     Fertilized eggs are
    released and usually
    develop directly into
    flatworms
    – Muller's larva

    14 Phylum Platyhelminthes
    Mating & Reproduction
    • Chemosensory to find mate
    • Hermaphroditic
    Regeneration
     Many species posses remarkable powers of
    regeneration and repair wounds

    16 Phylum Platyhelminthes
    Camouflage

    flatworm

    nudibranch
    • Staurosporine

    • Tetrodoxin
    Class Turbellaria

    Hawaiian
    Flatworms
    Hawaiian Flatworms

    Pseudoceros cf. Pseudoceros ferrugineus Planocera cf. oligoglena


    rubroanus

    Pseudoceros dimidiatus Pseudobiceros sp.


    Class Turbellaria
    Class Cestoda (Tapeworms)

     Defining
    characteristics
    – Scolex
    – Proglottids

    21 Phylum Platyhelminthes
    Proglottids
     Proglottids
    – Each animal can
    be 3,000 – 4,000
    per animal
    – Amazing
    reproductive
    output
    – Each may contain
    several ovaries
    and 1,000 distinct
    testes

    22 Phylum Platyhelminthes
    Problems of a parasitic existence
     Reproduce within the definitive host
     Get fertilized eggs out of the host
     Contact a new and appropriate host
     Obtain entrance into the host
     Locate the appropriate environment within the
    host
     Maintain position within the host
     Withstand an often anaerobic environment
     Avoid digestion or attack by the hosts immune
    system
     Avoid killing the host, at least until reproduction
    23 is completed Phylum Platyhelminthes
    Class Trematoda (Flukes)
     All are external and
    internal parasites of
    other animals
     Leech-like bodies
    with a sucker at each
    end
     Have a gut and well-
    developed
    reproductive system,
    never segmented

    24
    Trematoda Lifecycles
     The lifecycle is complex with up to 4
    different hosts and several larval types

    25 Phylum Platyhelminthes
    Trematodes of Concern

    26

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