BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING

FOR HEALTHCARE FACILITIES

Dr. Filiz Ozel, Arizona State University College of Design

Copyright Filiz Ozel

What is BIM?
Building Information Models (BIM) are:

Object oriented 3 dimensional digital building models that can store and handle critical building information Intelligent 3-dimensional models of a facility for the design, construction and/or operations phases of a building.

Repository of building information over the life cycle of a building

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Why is a BIM model intelligent?

Can capture the spatial and functional relationships between building components and spaces. Can incorporate the business processes of the users of a building. Can reflect construction methods and processes in the buildings digital model. Not just a 3D picture. Can support team work and collaboration during design and construction phases by allowing sharing of crucial information needed by each team player.
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Real world object

Spatial Relationship of objects

Visualization

Materiality Cost Performance of the design HVAC, MEP objects Business processes related information

Real world object

Three dimensional model of a building (or buildings)

Real world object

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Life safety analysis

1981: An early example of data structure that allowed design analysis- ArchFire based on CAEADS
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BIM tools (software)

Bentley Architecture
Bentley Architecture, Structural, Building Mechanical Systems, Building Electrical Systems

Graphisoft ArchiCAD, VectorWorks ARCHITECT from Nemetschek Autodesk's Revit and Architectural Desktop
MEP, structural and construction integration

Autodesk NavisWorks, etc.

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Links to BIM software providers

Autodesk-Revit Building Information Modeling http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/index?siteID=1231 12&id=9976276 For Return on Investment discussion, please see: http://images.autodesk.com/adsk/files/bim_roi_jan07_1_. pdf Bentley BIM Solutions http://www.bentley.com/enUS/Promo/Build+As+One/Solutions/

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Graphisoft- ArchiCAD
Orcutt-Winslow, Phoenix, AZ www.owp.com

This Architectural and Interior Design firm specializes in Healthcare Facility Design along with other areas such as Education, Hospitality, etc. The firm is one of the early adopters of BIM thorugh the use of ArchiCAD from Graphisoft. Please select Resources tab for more information about Virtual Project designed by Orcutt Winslows IT team and as well as to learn about Virtual Building concept by Graphisoft

Graphisoft ArchiCAD
Intelligent objects
http://www.graphisoft.com/products/archicad/object_intelligence/

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Knowledge about the building

Information structure based on knowledge

Knowledge about building functions

Provided by the client/user Specifies building activities and its performance

Expert knowledge
Provided by AEC specialists such as MEP experts, structural engineers, fire safety experts, etc.

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Knowledge incorporated into BIM

Building performance knowledge Choice of materials Manufacturers products Energy performance Cost, etc. Design process knowledge Collaboration - shared digital model Meet design project documentation requirements such as 3d visualization, automatic generation of plan, section, elevation, etc.
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BIM use at different phases of the life cycle of a facility

Schematic Design Design Development Construction Facility use phase

- Client designer collaboration

-3D visualization for concept building/testing

-A single, shared integrative model, for collaboration of the architectural, engineering and construction (AEC) team. -Documentation and communication of the design project

- Shared Integrated building model used by contractors and subcontractors, thus reduce the number of RFCs and RFIs -- 4D modeling animation, sequence of construction activities

- Integrated building model to support facility management activities -Detailed 3D model of building and its systems as built

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Why BIM for healthcare facility design?

Very complex functional requirements to meet the needs of a very diverse list of users Repetitive activities that can lend themselves to prototyping e.g. patient rooms, surgical suites, etc. Precision that is necessary to meet the functional requirements Very costly to correct design and construction errors due to specialized technology embedded in healthcare facilities
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Why BIM for healthcare facility design?

Simulation of flow of people, materials and information during daily functioning of a healthcare facility Complex mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) needs due to medical equipment and technology Very complex structural needs due to unusual design loads Compartmentation requirements due to need to contain potentially hazardous environments as well as to prevent contamination HVAC implications

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Schematic design phase

3D models, walkthroughs as facilitator of discussion between architectural team and the client Can be used with focus groups Animated simulation of treatment rooms Potential to reduce the need for full scale mock ups (of patient rooms, surgical suites, etc.) Repository of the initial information provided by the client such as site information, area requirements Scenario testing for clients
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Design Development Phase

Digital prototypes e.g. 3D prototype of a typical patient room Healthcare facility object hierarchies Parametric modeling object libraries Checking of sightlines, lighting, space use Spatial planning diagrams, area checking Guidelines for healthcare facility design can be stored to guide the design process (e.g. 2006 AIA
Guidelines for Design and Construction of Health Care Facilities,
http://www.aia.org/aah_gd_hospcons )
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Healthcare facility data and object modeling: Space based

Hospital ward Labs Nurses station Storage Utility rooms /custodial

Circulation areas in the ward Patient room Patient room Patient room Patient room Patient room

Credit: Author
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Healthcare facility data and object modeling: component based

Zone 1 Equipment

Room type 1
Windows Doors Walls Furniture Doors

Room type 2 Windows Walls Furniture

Credit: Author
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Design Development Phase

Purpose-built integrated 3D model to communicate design and construction information Facilitates AEC team collaboration Can support just-in-time decision making process for equipment purchasing decisions medical equipment planning Interference checking between MEP and structural systems (e.g. with Navisworks software see
http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/index?siteID=123112&id=10571094 and http://usa.autodesk.com/adsk/servlet/index?siteID=123112&id=10726113)
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Purpose-built Modeling
Purpose-built modeling refers to the process of selectively building detailed models of building sections/components to check interference, to provide more detailed information to the construction team, for information to the client at early design phase, etc. Interference Checking through purpose-built BIM models. Sellen Construction in Michigan built a detailed model of the ceiling space above the Operations Room for interference/clash checking. Please see the following link for a more extensive discussion of interference checking and BIM use in Healthcare Facility Design by this company: http://www.djc.com/news/co/11184025.html

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Design development/Construction phase

Improved productivity - easy retrieval of information Increased coordination/better sharing of construction documents Increased speed of delivery Prefabrication potential Potential cost savings Reduced number of RFCs and RFIs

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Construction phase
4-D modeling time based modeling

For renovation and additions made to a facility Sequencing of the construction process can be viewed and tested Temporary access sequences can be planned

(Jim Jacobi at Houston based structural engineer Walter P. Moore conflict of the crane arm with the flight path of the medical helicopter noticed by hospital staff during the viewing of a 4D BIM model of the construction process.)
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BIM war room approach

Problems can be resolved before the construction teams go out the work site Seattle based NBBJ installing large flat screen monitors in construction site trailers to facilitate collaboration of the building team through the sharing of an integrated BIM model BIM war room approach used in the design of the Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA.

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BIM in Healthcare Facility Use Phase

Support managers and administrators of healthcare facilities in the daily functioning and maintenance of the facility Keep record of specific functional testing procedures for healthcare specific use rooms. Provide a baseline model for future remodeling or expansion projects Open building design concept BIM can be used in management of built-in flexibility See Insel Hospital project in Switzerland at (this site does not explore BIM use, but summarizes use of open architecture for hospital design.)
http://www.aia.org/journal_aah.cfm?pagename=aah_jrnl_openbuilding_ 102704&dspl=1&article=article
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AIA BIM award winning project

Design firm: HOK London Construction: Skanska
http://www.aia.org/SiteObjects/files/hok.pdf

The Royal London Hospital 44 buildings, over 1,360,000 sq ft new, 548,000 sq ft refurbishment The St. Bartholomews Hospital 28 buildings, 414,000 sq ft new, 150,000 sq ft refurbishment 700 million , 900 in-patient beds, 10,000 rooms, over 300,00 equipment Facility will remain in operation during construction.
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Project management issues

Culture and process changes required in advance of the use of BIM. BIM specialist added to the team:

responsible for the integrity of the BIM model, divided the work based on the real world building sections rather than by drawing sheet or level.

Requires staff who are knowledgeable about building construction as well as computer skills. Choosing firms with BIM expertise as well as with BIM interoperability The need for standardization of project management processes and information communication
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Data management issues

Who owns/generates/maintains which data
Granular division of data needs to be standardized. Depends on the object and data model the BIM team chooses to include in the BIM model of the healthcare facility, since BIM software do not readily provide such an occupancy specific object/data model. A comprehensive database that includes space and equipment information for the hospital as well as construction information for the building itself. Unique to the Royal London Hospital project was the integration of a software called Codebook, which encapsulates key government-sanctioned medical information and requirements. This software is linked to the principal ADT models, allowing the designers to constantly check that room layouts and services fulfill the requirements of medical need

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Challenges
Change of culture regarding how the AEC team works together Identifying the expectations of all of the key players from the BIM model Choice of software that matches the expectations of the client, the AEC team as well as the facility management team (interoperability)

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Challenges
Building the most helpful conceptual object and data model Lack of standardization regarding how healthcare facility related objects must be structured and modeled.

The initial time investment in creating a BIM model of the facility

Deciding the level of detail to be included matching the level with the decision support mission of the model built

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Recommendations
Be prepared to make BIM the heart of the process BIM war room approach Include a BIM manager on the AEC team Identify expectations ahead of time Clarify the purpose of the BIM model for the AEC-FM team Clarify the degree of commitment to BIM implementation (for customization, etc.)
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Recommendations
Establish protocols for communication, for building the model, for information requests, etc. Consider who generates and owns the data Consider data interoperability issues ahead of time Decide who will be the keeper of the BIM model when it is all said and done
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Summary of BIM use at different phases of the life cycle of a healthcare facility
Schematic Design Design Development Construction Facility use phase

-Can facilitate designer/client interaction, walk throughs, 3D models of initial design ideas -Can facilitate discussion of the architectural program through focus groups, can eliminate the need for full size mock ups -Client provided Info documented (site info, arch program, etc.)

- Shared Integrated building model that help the AEC team to collaborate -Repository of object libraries and building components -Standardization, prototyping, parametric modeling - Interference checking

- Shared Integrated building model used by contractors and subcontractors, thus reduce the number of RFCs and RFIs - Animated representation of the construction sequence, scheduling, 4-D modeling - Cost estimating, quantity calculations, etc.

- Integrated building model to support facility management activities - Detailed 3D model of building systems - Manage flow of materials, people and information through the integrated database of building information

- Expert knowledge and design decision rationale Copyright Filiz Ozel

Thank you!

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