Unit 7 System Storage Overview

Unit 7 System storage overview
Copyright IBM Corporation 2009 Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM.
5.2
Unit objectives
IBM Power Systems
After completing this unit, you should be able to: Describe the terminology and concepts associated with:
Physical volumes
Volume groups Logical volumes
Physical partitions
Logical partitions
Describe how file systems and logical volumes are related
Copyright IBM Corporation 2009
Components of AIX storage

IBM Power Systems
Physical storage
Logical storage
File systems Directories Files
Managed by Logical Volume Manager (LVM)

Traditional UNIX disk storage

IBM Power Systems
Partition 1 Partition 2
Partition 4
Partition 5 Partition 3
Problems: Fixed partitions Expanding size of the partition Limitation on size of a file system and a file Contiguous data requirement Time and effort required in planning ahead
Benefits of the LVM

IBM Power Systems
Solves noncontiguous space problems Data can span disks
Sizes can be dynamically increased

Data can be mirrored for availability
New disks are easily added to the system

Data can be relocated LVM (data) statistics can be collected
These tasks can be performed dynamically!
Logical Volume Manager components

IBM Power Systems
Physical partitions (PPs)
Volume group
Logical partitions (LPs)
1 2 3 4 5 6 x y z
write(data);
Application
Physical volumes (PVs)
Logical volume (LVs)
Physical storage
IBM Power Systems
Volume group A
PV1
PP1 PP2 PP3 PP4 PP5 PP6

PV3 PV4 PV5
Physical volume /dev/hdiskn
Volume group B
PV2
PPn
Original volume groups

-t factor 1 2 4 8 16 N/A N/A
Big volume groups -t factor 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 1016 2032 4064 8128 16256 32512 65024 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
Disks (PVs) PPs per PV Disks (PVs) 32 16 8 4 2 N/A N/A
Volume groups
IBM Power Systems
Volume group types:

Original Big Scalable
Volume Group Type

Original
Max PVs
32
Max LVs
Max PPs per VG

32512 (1016 * 32) 130048 (1016 * 128) 2097152
Max PP Size
1 GB
256
Limits
Big
128
512
1 GB
Scalable
1024
4096
128 GB
AIX contains one mandatory Volumes Group: rootvg

rootvg is created on system install Contains the AIX Operating System
Why create new volume groups?

Separate user data from operating system files. Disaster recovery Data portability Data integrity and security
rootvg
PV1
datavg
PV2
PV3
Volume group descriptor area

IBM Power Systems
One-disk VG
Two-disk VG
Three-disk or more VG
VGDA
VGDA
VGDA VGDA
VGDA VGDA VGDA
VGDA
VGDA
Logical storage
IBM Power Systems
Physical volumes
1 7 13 19 25 31 35 41 47 2 8 14 20 26 32 36 42 48 3 9 15 21 27 33 37 43 49 4 10 16 22 28 34 38 44 50 1 7 13 19 25 31 35 41 47 2 8 14 20 26 32 36 42 48 3 9 15 21 27 33 37 43 49 4 10 16 22 28 34 38 44 50
Logical Volume Manager
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Logical partitions
Logical volume
Logical volume
Uses of logical volumes

IBM Power Systems
A logical volume may contain one of the following:

Journaled (JFS) or enhanced journaled file system (JFS2) Journal log (/dev/hd8) Paging space (/dev/hd6) Boot logical volume (/dev/hd5) Dump device Nothing (raw logical volume)
Examples of JFS/JFS2 logical volumes:

/dev/hd1 /dev/hd2 /dev/hd3 /dev/hd4 /dev/hd9var /dev/hd10opt /dev/hd11admin /dev/lv00 /home /usr /tmp / /var /opt /admin /myfilesystem
What is a file system?

IBM Power Systems
A file system is:

Method of storing data Hierarchy of directories
Seven types supported:

Journaled File System (JFS) Enhanced Journaled File System (JFS2) CD-ROM File System (CDRFS) DVD-ROM File System (UDFS) Network File System (NFS) Common Internet Filesystem (CIFS) Proc File System (PROCFS)
Different file systems are connected together through directories to form the view of files that users see.
Why have multiple file systems?

IBM Power Systems
Can strategically place it on disk for improved performance Some tasks are performed more efficiently on a file system than on each directory within the file system, for example, back up, move, secure an entire file system. Can limit disk usage of users by file system through quotas
Maintain integrity of the entire file system structure, for example, if one file system is corrupted, the others are not affected Special security situations
Organize data and programs into groups for ease of file management and better performance
Standard file systems in AIX

IBM Power Systems
hd4 / (root)
home
sbin
opt
lpp
proc
usr
dev tftpboot var
mnt
etc tmp
hd1
hd10opt
hd2
hd9var
hd3
/
csm freeware
bin
/
lib sbin
/
spool adm tmp
Note: The drawing depicts logical, not physical volumes.

/etc/filesystems
IBM Power Systems
/:
dev vol mount check vfs log type
= = = = = = =
/dev/hd4 root automatic false jfs2 /dev/hd8 bootfs
/home:
dev vol mount check vfs log

dev vfs log mount options account
= = = = = =
= = = = = =
/dev/hd1 /home true true jfs2 /dev/hd8

/dev/fslv00 jfs2 /dev/loglv00 true rw false
/home/team01:
Mount
IBM Power Systems
mount is the glue that logically connects file systems to the directory hierarchy. File systems are associated with devices represented by special files in /dev (the logical volume). When a file system is mounted, the logical volume and its contents are connected to a directory in the hierarchical tree structure.
# mount /dev/fslv00 /home/patsie
What to mount
Where to mount it
Mounting over an empty directory

IBM Power Systems
Before
home
After
home
liz
john
patsie
liz
john
patsie
.profile .exrc myscript
data
doc
data
doc
Mounting over files

IBM Power Systems
Before
home
After
home
liz
john
patsie
liz
john
patsie
reports
pgms
.profile .exrc
/
.profile .exrc myscript data doc data doc
Listing file systems

IBM Power Systems
# lsfs Name /dev/hd4 /dev/hd1 /dev/hd2 /dev/hd9var /dev/hd3 /proc /dev/hd10opt /dev/hd11admin /dev/fslv00
Nodename ----------
Mount Pt / /home /usr /var /tmp /proc /opt /admin /db2
VFS Size jfs2 1966080 jfs2 131072 jfs2 4587520 jfs2 655360 jfs2 393216 procfs -jfs2 524288 jfs2 262144 jfs2 262144
Options --------rw
Auto yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no
Accounting no no no no no no no no no
Listing logical volume information

IBM Power Systems
List all logical volumes for a volume group
# lsvg -l rootvg rootvg: LV NAME hd5 hd6 hd8 hd4 hd2 hd9var hd3 hd1 loglv00 hd11admin fslv00
TYPE boot paging jfs2log jfs2 jfs2 jfs2 jfs2 jfs2 jfs2log jfs jfs2
LPs 1 8 1 15 35 5 3 1 1 2 2
PPs 2 16 2 30 70 10 6 2 2 4 4
PVs 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
LV STATE closed/syncd open/syncd open/syncd open/syncd open/syncd open/syncd open/syncd open/syncd closed/syncd open/syncd closed/syncd
MOUNT POINT N/A N/A N/A / /usr /var /tmp /home N/A /admin /db2
Checkpoint (1 of 3)
IBM Power Systems
1. V______ G______ D ______ A______

VGDA
5. V______ G______
6. P______ V______
2. P______ P ______
3. L_____ P______
4. L______ V_______
Checkpoint solutions (1 of 3)
IBM Power Systems
1. Volume Group___ Descriptor Area__

VGDA
5. Volume Group
6. Physical Volume
2. Physical Partition
3. Logical Partition
4. Logical Volume
Checkpoint (2 of 3)
IBM Power Systems
7. How many different physical partition (PP) sizes can be set within a single VG? ____________ 8. By default, how big are PPs?
____________________________________________ ____________________________________________
9. How many volume groups (VGs) can a physical volume (PV) belong to? a) Depends on what you specify through SMIT b) Only one c) As many VGs as exist on the system 10. True or False: All VGDA information on your system is identical, regardless of how many volume groups (VGs) exist.
IBM Power Systems
7. How many different physical partition (PP) sizes can be set within a single VG? One 8. By default, how big are PPs? Traditionally 4 MB, but LVM chooses an optimal size based on the #PPs/PV and the size of largest PV in the VG. 9. How many volume groups (VGs) can a physical volume (PV) belong to? a) Depends on what you specify through SMIT b) Only one c) As many VGs as exist on the system 10. True or False: All VGDA information on your system is identical, regardless of how many volume groups (VGs) exist. All VGDAs within a VG are the same.
Checkpoint (3 of 3)
IBM Power Systems
Use the following output to answer the questions below:

# lsfs Name Nodename /dev/hd4 -/dev/hd1 -/dev/hd2 -/dev/hd9var -/dev/hd3 -/dev/hd10opt -/dev/cd0 -/dev/lv00 -/dev/hd11admin -Mount Pt / /home /usr /var /tmp /opt /infocd /home/john /admin VFS jfs2 jfs2 jfs2 jfs2 jfs2 jfs2 cdrfs jfs2 jfs2 Size Options 294912 -32768 -3309568 -65536 -131072 -163840 -ro 32768 rw 262144 -Auto yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes Accounting no no no no no no no no no
11. With which logical volume is the /home file system associated? _____________________________________________________ 12. What type of file systems are being displayed? _____________________________________________________ 13. What is the mount point for the file system located on the /dev/hd4 logical volume? _____________________________________________ 14. Which file system is used primarily to hold user data and home directories? _____________________________________________________
IBM Power Systems
Use the following output to answer the questions below:

# lsfs Name Nodename /dev/hd4 -/dev/hd1 -/dev/hd2 -/dev/hd9var -/dev/hd3 -/dev/hd10opt -/dev/cd0 -/dev/lv00 -/dev/hd11admin-Mount Pt / /home /usr /var /tmp /opt /infocd /home/john /admin VFS jfs2 jfs2 jfs2 jfs2 jfs2 jfs2 cdrfs jfs2 jfs2 Size Options 294912 -32768 -3309568 -65536 -131072 -163840 -ro 32768 rw 262144 -Auto yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes Accounting no no no no no no no no no
11. With which logical volume is the /home file system associated? /dev/hd1 12. What type of file systems are being displayed? Enhanced journaled file systems (JFS2), and CD-ROM (CDRFS) 13. What is the mount point for the file system located on the /dev/hd4 logical volume? / 14. Which file system is used primarily to hold user data and home directories? /home
Exercise 7
IBM Power Systems
System storage
Unit summary
IBM Power Systems
Having completed this unit, you should be able to: Describe the terminology and concepts associated with:
Physical volumes
Volume groups Logical volumes
Physical partitions
Logical partitions
Describe how file systems and logical volumes are related

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Unit 7 System storage overview

Describe how file systems and logical volumes are related

Copyright IBM Corporation 2009

Components of AIX storage

Managed by Logical Volume Manager (LVM)

Traditional UNIX disk storage

Benefits of the LVM

Solves noncontiguous space problems Data can span disks

Sizes can be dynamically increased

New disks are easily added to the system

These tasks can be performed dynamically!

Copyright IBM Corporation 2009

Logical Volume Manager components

Physical partitions (PPs)

Physical volumes (PVs)

Logical volume (LVs)

Copyright IBM Corporation 2009

PP1 PP2 PP3 PP4 PP5 PP6

Physical volume /dev/hdiskn

Original volume groups

Disks (PVs) PPs per PV Disks (PVs) 32 16 8 4 2 N/A N/A

Copyright IBM Corporation 2009

Volume group types:

Volume Group Type

Max PPs per VG

AIX contains one mandatory Volumes Group: rootvg

Why create new volume groups?

Copyright IBM Corporation 2009

Volume group descriptor area

VGDA VGDA VGDA

Copyright IBM Corporation 2009

Logical Volume Manager

Uses of logical volumes

A logical volume may contain one of the following:

Examples of JFS/JFS2 logical volumes:

Copyright IBM Corporation 2009

What is a file system?

A file system is:

Seven types supported:

Copyright IBM Corporation 2009

Why have multiple file systems?

Copyright IBM Corporation 2009

Standard file systems in AIX

dev tftpboot var

Note: The drawing depicts logical, not physical volumes.

dev vol mount check vfs log type

/dev/hd4 root automatic false jfs2 /dev/hd8 bootfs

dev vol mount check vfs log

/dev/hd1 /home true true jfs2 /dev/hd8

Mounting over an empty directory

.profile .exrc myscript

.profile .exrc myscript

Copyright IBM Corporation 2009

Mounting over files

.profile .exrc myscript

Copyright IBM Corporation 2009

Listing file systems

Mount Pt / /home /usr /var /tmp /proc /opt /admin /db2

Auto yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no

1. V G D A

1. Volume Group_ Descriptor Area