This document discusses different methods of controlling synchronous motors, including open loop volts/Hz speed control, self control, and separate control. It describes the characteristics of operating synchronous motors with square wave and PWM inverters. Key points covered include using an encoder and electronic commutation to emulate a DC motor for self control, controlling speed versus frequency for separate control, and the benefits of PWM inverters such as wide speed range and high efficiency.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
This document discusses different methods of controlling synchronous motors, including open loop volts/Hz speed control, self control, and separate control. It describes the characteristics of operating synchronous motors with square wave and PWM inverters. Key points covered include using an encoder and electronic commutation to emulate a DC motor for self control, controlling speed versus frequency for separate control, and the benefits of PWM inverters such as wide speed range and high efficiency.
This document discusses different methods of controlling synchronous motors, including open loop volts/Hz speed control, self control, and separate control. It describes the characteristics of operating synchronous motors with square wave and PWM inverters. Key points covered include using an encoder and electronic commutation to emulate a DC motor for self control, controlling speed versus frequency for separate control, and the benefits of PWM inverters such as wide speed range and high efficiency.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
This document discusses different methods of controlling synchronous motors, including open loop volts/Hz speed control, self control, and separate control. It describes the characteristics of operating synchronous motors with square wave and PWM inverters. Key points covered include using an encoder and electronic commutation to emulate a DC motor for self control, controlling speed versus frequency for separate control, and the benefits of PWM inverters such as wide speed range and high efficiency.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 26
EE 2352 - SOLID STATE DRIVES UNIT-V
SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR DRIVES Mr.R.Essaki Raj, Senior Lecturer
Contents
Open loop volts/HZ speed control of synchronous motors. Self control. Separate control. Attractive feature of a synchronous motor. Synchronous motor operating with square wave inverter Synchronous motor operating with pwm inverter Brushless excitation of synchronous machine
Open loop volts/Hz speed control of synchronous motors. (Control of Synchronous Motors)
Possible with variable frequency converter. Variable frequency synchronous motor can be
controlled to possesses the characteristics of a separately excited dc motor. (E & V are controlled in proportion to frequency in order to keep air gap flux constant)
Open loop Volts/Hz speed control of synchronous motors
open loop volts/hz speed control characteristics
Self control
A Synchronous motor in self controlled mode is called commutator less Dc motor. The frequency becomes the slave the speed.
Basic features of self-controlled synchronous machine
The inverter, controller and absolute position encoder - act as electronic commutator Electronic commutator replaces the mechanical commutators and brushes (mechanical inverter) of traditional dc machine The flux phasor diagram rotate at synchronous speed
Basic features of self-controlled synchronous machine
Control can modify the angle between the flux phasors Because of self-control, machine does not show any stability or hunting problem of traditional synchronous machine The transient response is fast similar to dc machine The rotor inertia is smaller than dc machine with high energy magnet
Self-controlled synchronous motor analogy
Self Control Principle
Commutation of the converter feeding the motor is controlled through the rotor position information from a shaft encoder. Under over excitation the motor voltages can be employed to commutate the thyristors at the inverter. Now the inverter becomes simple. But at low speeds commutation assistance is required.
10
Rotor position is sensed and the firing signals to the devices are synchronized to the motor position. For every 600 rotation of the rotor a new device in the sequence is fired.
Contd..
11
For rotation of the rotor by 2 pole pitches all the six devices will receive firing pulses. Using this control the angle between the rotor and the stator mmf (Torque Angle) can be controlled. This is not possible in separately excited motor. Synchronous motor in self control is called as Commutator less motor having the steady state performance of the separately excited DC motor
12
Separate control
The speed is the slave the frequency.
13
Separate control principle
Supply Frequency to the synchronous motor is controlled from the inverter which receives its firing pulses from a frequency controlled oscillator. The machine will exhibits conventional behavior. Up to base speed the motor operates at constant torque and above base speed are obtained by clamping the voltage at rated voltage. Frequency can be increased and the motor operates in flux weakening region
14
Separate control block diagram
15
Draw backs of Separate control
Hunting Poor dynamic Behavior.
16
Attractive feature of a synchronous machine
Load commutation is possible only with CSI and not with VSI.
Load Commutated Inverter fed Synchronous Motor
17
When forced commutation is required, the motor may be operated at UPF. To provide the necessary reactive power of the converter when the motor is over excited Load Commutation can be used when the cycloconverter is feeding the motor. When using cycloconverter, commutation difficulty is over come by utilising line commutation.
18
Synchronous motor operating with square wave inverter
19
Synchronous motor operating with square wave inverter Speed Range Medium to High Braking Dynamic Braking Possible. Regeneration not straight forward. Harmonics Heating effect is high at lower frequency Contd..
20
Torque Pulsations Problem at Low speed Power Factor Low Line pf High Cost Efficiency Moderately good Open loop Control is possible. Staring by cage winding or by open loop method
Contd..
21
Synchronous motor operating with pwm inverter
22
Features
Speed Range Very wide Speed range upto zero speed is possible Braking Dynamic Braking Possible. Regeneration possible if primary supply is dc. Harmonics Nearly Sinusoidal
23
Torque Pulsations Minimal Power Factor Line pf closer to Unity. High Cost Efficiency Good Open loop Control is possible.
24
Brushless excitation of synchronous machine
25
References
Bimal K. Bose. Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives, Pearson Education, 2002. G.K. Dubey, Power semi-conductor controlled drives, prentice hall of india, 1989.
