ESD Basics: Basic Concepts in Electrostatic Discharge (Esd)

ESD BASICS
BASIC CONCEPTS IN ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE (ESD)
Copyright 2003 DESCO INDUSTRIES INC.
3/02
Introduction
ESD Control Training
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All Materials Tribocharge

ElectroStatic Charge Generation:
When 2 Surfaces in Contact then Separate
Some Atom Electrons Move Causing Imbalance

One Surface Has Positive Charge & One Surface Has Negative Charge
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Examples Of Electrostatic Discharge or ESD
Lightning
Zap from a door
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ESD or ElectroStatic Discharge

Charges Seek Balance Discharge is Rapid Creating Heat
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Two Types of Materials Conductors

Electrical Current Flows Easily So Can be Grounded Can Discharge Examples Metals and People
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Two Types of Materials Insulators

Electrical Current Does Not Flow Easily Cannot be Grounded Example: Plastics
Typically very high charging
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Large Charges Generated All The Time

Walking across a carpet:
1,500 - 35,000 volts
Walking over untreated vinyl floor: 250 - 12,000 volts
Vinyl envelope used for work instructions: 600 - 7,000 volts
Worker at a bench:
700 - 6,000 volts
Unwinding regular tape:

9,000 - 15,000 volts
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People Discharge Frequently
But To feel a Discharge it must be about 3,000 volts

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ESD That A Person Cant Feel Can Easily Damage Electronic Components
100 volts or less can damage components!
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Electronic Component ESD Sensitivity (ESDS)
Human Body Model (HBM)

ESD Class 0: Damage you cant feel: ESD Class 1: Damage you cant feel: ESD Class 2: Damage you might feel: ESD Class 3: Damage you can probably detect as spark with your own body:
0 to 199 Volts
200 to 1,999 Volts

2,000 to 3,999 Volts 4,000 to 15,999 Volts
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Tiny Conductive Paths Can Easily Be Damaged

Smaller components mean greater sensitivity to ESD. Damage to these components can not be detected by the naked eye.
At this magnification we see that 1/2 of the width of the material has been destroyed
At higher magnification, the pit in the area between the base and emitter becomes more obvious
Integrated Circuit
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Types Of ESD Device Damage
Latent Defect
Component wounded But Inspection Passes Catastrophic Failures Inspection Able to detect
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Latent Defects More Costly

Sub Assembly passes inspection Assembly passes inspection Product passes inspection Works a while for customer Then Upsets & Mysterious Problems More Returns More Warranty Costs Lower Customer Satisfaction
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Like Germs, ESD Is The Hidden Enemy
Control Germs
Control ESD
We are aware of sterilization in medicine
We should develop the same attitude about ESD

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The Prerequisites of ESD Control

Identify ESD Area Identify ESD sensitive items Provide ESD control training
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The Basics Of ESD Control

Ground Conductors Shield ESDS When store or transport outside EPA Neutralize insulators with ionizers
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Ground Conductors Including People

Wrist Straps Must work, so test wrist strap daily
Foot Grounders Must work, so test foot grounder daily
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Ground All Conductors in ESD Protected Area

Dissipative WorkSurfaces
Ground ESD worksurface via ground cord to common point ground to equipment ground
Conductive Floor Mats

Ground ESD floor mats via ground cord to equipment ground
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Neutralize Insulators Via Ionizers

Charged Insulators Cannot be grounded Ionizer air flow floods area with Ions - Neutralizing Charge
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Shield ESD Sensitive Items Outside Protected Area

Faraday Cage
Charges Kept on Outside of Package:
Closed Metallized Shielding Bag Covered conductive tote box
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ESD Protected Products Regular Versions changed to be Low Charging and/or Groundable
Remove Insulator or Change to ESD Version ESD Smocks and Gloves Conductive Foam & Shunt Bars
Antistatic or Low Charging Tape

Dissipative Binders & Document Protectors
Dissipative Floor Finishes
Conductive & Dissipative Flooring

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You Are On The Front Lines Fighting The Hidden Enemy

Test Wrist Straps & ESD Footwear daily Keep wrist band snug, foot grounder grounding tab in shoe, & ESD Smocks buttoned up Only trained or escorted people allowed in ESD Protected Area
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Keep work area clean & clear of insulators Handle un-packaged ESD sensitive items only when grounded Visually check all grounding cords to make sure they are connected
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Make sure Ionizers are maintained and air flow is not blocked Use shielded packaging for shipping or storing ESD sensitive items outside the ESD Protected Area
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The Basics Of ESD Control

Ground Conductors including people Neutralize insulators with ionizers
Shield ESDS when store or transport outside EPA
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ESD BASICS
BASIC CONCEPTS IN ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE (ESD)
Copyright 2003 DESCO INDUSTRIES INC.

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ESD BASICS

BASIC CONCEPTS IN ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE (ESD)

Copyright 2003 DESCO INDUSTRIES INC.

All Materials Tribocharge

Some Atom Electrons Move Causing Imbalance

Examples Of Electrostatic Discharge or ESD

Zap from a door

ESD or ElectroStatic Discharge

Two Types of Materials Conductors

Two Types of Materials Insulators

Large Charges Generated All The Time

Vinyl envelope used for work instructions: 600 - 7,000 volts

Unwinding regular tape:

People Discharge Frequently

But To feel a Discharge it must be about 3,000 volts

100 volts or less can damage components!

Electronic Component ESD Sensitivity (ESDS)

Human Body Model (HBM)

200 to 1,999 Volts

Tiny Conductive Paths Can Easily Be Damaged

Types Of ESD Device Damage

Latent Defects More Costly

Like Germs, ESD Is The Hidden Enemy

We are aware of sterilization in medicine

We should develop the same attitude about ESD

The Prerequisites of ESD Control

The Basics Of ESD Control

Ground Conductors Including People

Ground All Conductors in ESD Protected Area

Conductive Floor Mats

Neutralize Insulators Via Ionizers

Shield ESD Sensitive Items Outside Protected Area

Antistatic or Low Charging Tape

Dissipative Floor Finishes

Conductive & Dissipative Flooring

You Are On The Front Lines Fighting The Hidden Enemy

You Are On The Front Lines Fighting The Hidden Enemy

You Are On The Front Lines Fighting The Hidden Enemy

The Basics Of ESD Control

Copyright 2003 DESCO INDUSTRIES INC.

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