Adsorption

EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF
ADSORPTION PARAMETERS OF
ADSORPTION SYSTEMS
Guided by:
Submitted by:
Bushair. C. V
10402030
Faazil. A. R
10402034
Navas. S
Sree Chitra Thirunal
College of Engineerin
10402042
Dr. Baiju. V
Asst. Professor.
Dept of Mechanical Engg.
SCTCE.
Aim of Project
To experimentally determine the adsorption parameters

of adsorption systems.
To study the effect of heat source temperature on
adsorption and desorption processes.
To plot P-T-x diagrams of activated carbon-methanol
working pair.
Introduction
Adsorption
is
the
adhesion
of
atoms,
ions,
or molecules from a gas, liquid, or dissolved solid to
a surface.
Adsorption differs from absorption; in absorption, a
fluid (the absorbate) permeates or is dissolved by a liquid
or solid (the absorbent).
Absorption & Adsorption Comparison

ABSORPTION
ADSORPTION
Bulk phenomenon
Surface phenomenon
Less affected by temperature
Favorable at low temperature
Uniform rate
Steadily increases and reach equilibrium
Adsorption
Adsorption is a surface-based process while absorption involves

the whole volume of the material.
Adsorption is usually described through isotherms, that is, the

amount of adsorbate on the adsorbent as a function of its
pressure (if gas) or concentration (if liquid) at constant
temperature.
Adsorption is present in many systems such as:

Physical
Biological
Chemical
Working pairs- Adsorbate &

Adsorbent
Adsorbate
Adsorbent
Sulphur Dioxide
Silica Gel
Water
Silica Gel
Ammonia
Silica Gel
Methanol
Activated Carbon
Ammonia
Activaed Carbon
Water
Zeolite
Water
Zeolite
Characteristics of Activated Carbon
Form of carbon
Most widely accepted
High porous surface
Low adsorption heat (1800 to 2000 kJ/kg)
Low desorption temperature (70-80C)
Schematic of experimental system for

the study of adsorption parameters
The experimental setup used for determining the adsorption parameters is

as shown in figure.
Fig 1. Experimental Setup
Experimental System
The apparatus consists of mainly 3 parts storage tank 1,

storage tank 2 and an adsorbent bed immersed in a water tank.
Adsorbent bed is activated carbon and adsorbate or refrigerant
is methanol.
The storage tanks are connected with each other with the help of
pipelines.
Pressure gauges and thermocouples are connected in each
pipelines and tanks to note the pressure and temperature at
regular interval of time.
There are valves connected to each pipeline to control the flow
of refrigerant to tanks.
Working
Methanol is charged into the adsorbent bed through the

charging lines provided. The refrigerant vapour is allowed to
enter into the storage tank 1, by opening valve 3 and keeping
all the other valves closed. After sufficient time, valve 1 is
opened for the refrigerant to flow to the storage tank 2.
Note down P, T at storage tank 2. Open the valve V2, allowing

the refrigerant to enter into the adsorbent bed. Note down the
pressure and temperature at pipeline, void volume, inside the
storage tank 2, at regular intervals of time.
Cntd
The mass of the refrigerant adsorbed by the bed will be equal

to the difference between the mass of refrigerant that leaving
the storage tank and the mass of refrigerant remaining in the
pipeline and the void volume.
Density,
= Mass (m) / Volume (V)
m = i x V
mri = i (P1T1) x Vtank
where, Vtank is already known.
mrf = f x V
mrf = f (P2T2) x Vtank
Therefore, mr(leaving) = mri - mrf
Cntd
mrpipeline = r (P, T) x Vpipeline
mrvoidvolume = r (P1T1) x Vvoidvolume
Therefore, madsorbed = mleaving - mrpipeline - mrvoidvolume
or madsorbed = mleaving (mrpipeline + mrvoidvolume)
From this, the amount of refrigerant adsorbed in the bed for a
given period of time can be determined.
Material Selection
Adsorbent bed can be made by stainless steel.
Tank is made up of Galvanized Iron.
Pipes are made of copper.
Application
Absorbent bed is the key component of the adsorption

systems.
For the design of adsorbent bed, concentration is the most

important parameter.
The pressure-temperature-concentration diagram of the

selected working pair (activated carbon methanol and
methanol) is essential for the design of adsorption
refrigeration systems.
Conclusions
This paper presents the adsorption characteristics of
methanol
and
experimental
activated
system,
carbon.
adsorption
Using
the
parameters
above
can
be
calculated. Calculation of these adsorption parameters help

us in many applications.
References
Liu, Y., & Sun, F. (2011). A fast differential evolution algorithm using
k-nearest neighbour predictor. Expert Systems with Applications,
38(4), 42544258.
Clausse, M., Alam, K.C.A., Meunier, F., 2008. Residential air
conditioning and heating by means of enhanced solar collectors
coupled to an adsorption system. Sol. Energy 82 (available online).
El-Sharkawy, I.I., Saha, B.B., Koyama, S., He, J., Ng, K.C., Yap, C.,
2008. Experimental investigation on activated carbonethanol pair
for solar powered adsorption cooling applications. Int. J. Refrig. 31,
14071413.
El-Sharkawy, I.I., Saha, B.B., Koyama, S., Ng, K.C., 2006. A study
on the kinetics of ethanol-activated carbon fiber: theory and
experiments. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 49, 31043110.
Sankararato, B., & Yoo, C. K. (2011). Development of a robust

multiobjective simulated annealing algorithm for solving
multiobjective optimisation problem. Industrial Engineering
Chemical Research, 50, 67286742.
Liu, Y., Pender, G., & Nelz, S. (2009). Improving the performance
of fast inundation models using v-support vector regression and
particle swarm optimisation, In The 33rd IAHR 2009 congress (pp.
14361443).
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genetic algorithm for the design of pressure swing adsorption.
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problems using differential evolution. In The proceeding of the 17th
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Adsorption

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EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF

To experimentally determine the adsorption parameters

Absorption & Adsorption Comparison

Less affected by temperature

Favorable at low temperature

Steadily increases and reach equilibrium

Adsorption is a surface-based process while absorption involves

Adsorption is usually described through isotherms, that is, the

Adsorption is present in many systems such as:

Working pairs- Adsorbate &

Characteristics of Activated Carbon

Schematic of experimental system for

The experimental setup used for determining the adsorption parameters is

Fig 1. Experimental Setup

The apparatus consists of mainly 3 parts storage tank 1,

Methanol is charged into the adsorbent bed through the

Note down P, T at storage tank 2. Open the valve V2, allowing

The mass of the refrigerant adsorbed by the bed will be equal

Adsorbent bed can be made by stainless steel.

Tank is made up of Galvanized Iron.

Pipes are made of copper.

Absorbent bed is the key component of the adsorption

For the design of adsorbent bed, concentration is the most

The pressure-temperature-concentration diagram of the

calculated. Calculation of these adsorption parameters help

Sankararato, B., & Yoo, C. K. (2011). Development of a robust

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