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    SCR's Presentation

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    Raveesh Rahul
    The document discusses thyristors and silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs), including their history, construction, operating modes, and applications. SCRs were developed in the 1950s and function as rectifiers that can be turned on and off using a gate signal. They have three operating modes - forward blocking, forward conduction, and reverse blocking. SCRs are used in applications such as motor speed controls, light dimmers, HVDC power transmission systems, and more. In HVDC systems, thyristor valves consisting of stacks of SCRs are used to convert AC to DC and vice versa.

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    SCR's Presentation

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    Raveesh Rahul
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    The document discusses thyristors and silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs), including their history, construction, operating modes, and applications. SCRs were developed in the 1950s and function as rectifiers that can be turned on and off using a gate signal. They have three operating modes - forward blocking, forward conduction, and reverse blocking. SCRs are used in applications such as motor speed controls, light dimmers, HVDC power transmission systems, and more. In HVDC systems, thyristor valves consisting of stacks of SCRs are used to convert AC to DC and vice versa.

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    The document discusses thyristors and silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs), including their history, construction, operating modes, and applications. SCRs were developed in the 1950s and function as rectifiers that can be turned on and off using a gate signal. They have three operating modes - forward blocking, forward conduction, and reverse blocking. SCRs are used in applications such as motor speed controls, light dimmers, HVDC power transmission systems, and more. In HVDC systems, thyristor valves consisting of stacks of SCRs are used to convert AC to DC and vice versa.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    292 views27 pages

    SCR's Presentation

    Uploaded by

    Raveesh Rahul
    The document discusses thyristors and silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs), including their history, construction, operating modes, and applications. SCRs were developed in the 1950s and function as rectifiers that can be turned on and off using a gate signal. They have three operating modes - forward blocking, forward conduction, and reverse blocking. SCRs are used in applications such as motor speed controls, light dimmers, HVDC power transmission systems, and more. In HVDC systems, thyristor valves consisting of stacks of SCRs are used to convert AC to DC and vice versa.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    The key takeaways are that thyristors are used in HVDC transmission and can operate in forward blocking, forward conduction and reverse blocking modes.

    A thyristor is a solid state semiconductor device that can control large currents using a small control current and consists of four layers of alternating P and N type materials.

    The different modes of operation of a thyristor are forward blocking mode, forward conduction mode and reverse blocking mode.

    THYRISTOR/SCR & ITS

    APPLICATION IN HVDC

    CONTENTS

    INTRODUCTION
    HISTORY
    CONSTRUCTION
    MODES OF OPERATION

    FORWARD BLOCKING MODE(OFF STATE)


    FORWARD CONDUCTION MODE(ON STATE)
    REVERSE BLOCKING MODE(OFF STATE)

    V-I CHARACTERISTICS
    APPLICATIONS
    As RECTIFIER
    In HVDC

    HVDC & METHODS OF TRANSMISSSION


    THYRISTOR METHOD

    ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES


    CONLCUSION
    REFERENCE

    INTRODUCTION
    A Silicon Controlled Rectifier (or Semiconductor Controlled
    Rectifier) is a four layer solid state device that controls current
    flow
    The name silicon controlled rectifier is a trade name for the
    type of thyristor commercialized at General Electric in 1957

    INTRODUCTION(CONTINUED..
    The operation of a SCR can be understood in terms of a pair of
    tightly coupled Bipolar Junction Transistors
    SCR has three states:
    Reverse blocking mode, forward blocking mode, and forward
    conducting mode

    HISTORY
    The Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) or
    Thyristor proposed byWilliam
    Shockleyin 1950 and championed by
    Moll and others atBell Labswas
    developed in 1956 by power engineers
    atGeneral Electric(G.E.) led by Gordon
    Hall and commercialized by G.E.'s Frank
    W. "Bill" Gutzwiller.
    It is from a combination of "thyratron"
    and transistor" that the term "thyristor"
    is derived.

    CONSTRUCTION
    An SCR consists of four layers of
    alternating P & N type semiconductor
    materials. Silicon is used as the intrinsic
    semiconductor, to which the proper
    dopants are added.
    The junctions are either
    diffused or alloyed. The planar
    construction is used for low
    power SCRs (and all the
    junctions are diffused). The
    mesa type constructionis used for high
    power SCRs.

    CONSTRUCTION(CONTINUED
    An SCR can be seen as a conventional rectifier controlled by a
    gate signal
    It is a 4-layered 3-terminal device
    When the gate to cathode voltage exceeds a certain threshold,
    the device turns 'on' and conducts current

    MODES OF OPERATION
    FORWARD BLOCKING STATE
    In this mode of operation,
    the anode is given a
    positive potential while
    the cathode is given a
    negative voltage, keeping
    the gate at zero potential
    i.e. disconnected.

    MODE OPERATION(CONT
    FORWARD CONDUCTION MODE
    SCR can be brought from blocking
    mode to conduction mode in two
    ways: either by increasing the voltage
    across anode to cathode beyond
    breakover voltage or by applying of
    positive pulse at gate. Once it starts
    conducting, no more gate voltage is
    required to maintain it in the on state.

    MODE OPERATION(CONT
    REVERSE BLOCKING MODE
    SCRs incapable of blocking reverse
    voltage are known asasymmetrical
    SCR, abbreviatedASCR. They
    typically have a reverse breakdown
    rating in the tens of volts

    V-I Characteristic Curve

    APPLICATION

    Adjustable motor speed controllers.


    Adjustable light dimmers.
    Switching power supplies and battery
    chargers,Inverters
    HVDC electricity transmission

    APPLICTION as RECTIFIER
    Industrially SCRs are applied to produce DC voltages for
    motors from AC line voltage
    Rectifier
    Half-wave rectifier, full-wave rectifier

    Half-wave rectifier

    DC Motors Current Drives using half wave

    DC Motors Current Drives using full wave

    HVDC ELECTRICITY
    TRANSMISSION
    HVDC (high-voltage direct current) is
    a highly efficient alternative for
    transmitting large amounts of
    electricity over long distances and
    for special purpose applications.
    Compared to alternating current, the
    direct current system is less
    expensive and loses less energy.

    METHODS OF HVDC
    TRANSMISSION
    Electromechanical (Thury) systems
    Mercury arc valves
    Thyristor valves (SCR)

    Thyristor Valves HVDC


    transmission
    Since modern thyristors can switch
    power on the scale ofmegawatts,
    thyristor valves have become the
    heart ofhigh-voltage direct
    current(HVDC) conversion either to or
    from alternating current.
    Both electrically triggered (ETT) and
    light triggered (LTT) thyristorsare still
    the primary choice

    Thyristor valve stacks for Pole 2 of theHVDC Interislandbetween the North and South Islands ofNew Zealand.

    ADVANTAGES of SCR
    Switches large levels of current using
    only a small control current.
    Can switch high voltages.
    Firing angle can be controlled at
    which conduction is to be done.

    DISADVANTAGES of SCR
    Cannot be easily turned off.
    The selection of off-the-shelf SCRs is
    rather limited compared to other
    devices used similarly, such as
    thyristors (triacs) and power
    MOSFETs.

    CONCLUSION
    A SCR is essentially a diode with an
    extra terminal added
    This extra terminal is called the gate,
    and it is used to trigger the device into
    conduction by the application of a
    small voltage
    This is used as rectifier as provides
    various angle for firing it to on.

    FUTURE OF SCR in HVDC


    In order to transmit massive amounts of
    power generated by remotely located power
    plants, especially offshore wind farms, and to
    balance the intermittent nature of renewable
    energy sources, the need for a stronger high
    voltage transmission grid is anticipated.
    The most likable choice for such a grid is a
    high voltage DC (HVDC) grid. However, the
    concept of the HVDC grid is still under active
    development as different technical
    challenges exist, and it is not yet possible to
    construct such a DC grid.

    REFERENCE
    Davidson, C.C.; Preedy, R.M.; Cao, J.;
    Zhou, C.; Fu, J. (October 2010). "UltraHigh-Power Thyristor Valves for HVDC
    in Developing Countries
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliconcontrolled_rectifier
    Power Electronics, P. S. Bimbhra
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highvoltage_direct_current#Thyristor_valve

    THANK YOU
    FOR YOUR TIME!

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