Information System Analysis

Information System Analysis
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Overview:
INFORMATION SYSTEM ANALYSIS & DESIGN
1) WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY INFORMATION ?
2) WHAT ABOUT SYSTEM?

3) WHAT IS INFORMATION SYSTEM?
4) WHAT IS ANALYSIS?
5)WHAT IS DESIGN?
6)WHAT IS SYSTEM ANALYSIS?
7) WHAT IS SYSTEM DESIGN
System
1) Study of System
concept.
4) Elements of a System
5) Characteristics of a System
6) Boundaries and Interface
WHAT IS INFORMATION ?
What do you mean by DATA?
Data
are
raw
facts
about
the
organization
and
its
business
transactions. Most data items have
little meaning and use by themselves.
Information is data that has been refined and organized
by processing and purposeful intelligence. The latter,

purposeful intelligence, is crucial to the definition-People
provide the purpose and the intelligence that produces
true information.
Figure 2.1:- To understand Data and Information
WHAT
IS
SYSTEM
System
is
an
orderly
grouping
of
interdependent components linked together
according to a plan to achieve a specific
objective.
Figure-1.2:-A general depiction of a system
Figure:-A general model of a System
WHAT IS INFORMATION
SYSTEM ?
Information System (IS)
is an arrangement of people,
data, processes, information presentation, and information technology that
interact to support and improve day-to-day operations in a business as well
as support the problem-solving and decision-making needs of
management and users.
Information technology (IT)
is a contemporary
term that describes the combination of computer technology (hardware
and software) with telecommunications technology (data, image, and
voice networks).
The term information worker was coined to describe those
people whose jobs involve the creation, collection, processing,
distribution, and use of information.
SYSTEM ANALYSIS ?
Systems analysis
is the study of a business problem domain to

recommend improvements and specify the business requirements for the
solution.
SYSTEM DESIGN ?
Systems design
is the specification or construction of a technical,

computer based solution for the business requirements identified in a
systems analysis. (Note: Increasingly, the design takes the form of a
working prototype.)
WHAT ABOUT SYSTEM DESIGNER

System designers
are the technology specialists for information system
System
designers translate system users' business requirements and constraints into

technical solutions. They design the computer files, databases, inputs, outputs, screens,
networks, and programs that will meet the system users' requirements.
Today's
system designers tend to focus on technical specialties such as databases,

networks, user interfaces, or software.
Some
of you may be educating yourselves to specialize in one. of these technical

specialties.
AND SYSTEM ANALYST !!!

A systems analyst
facilitates the development of

information systems and computer applications
In
this capacity, and as illustrated a Figure in next slide , the

systems analyst must interact with each of the other stakeholders in
the system. For the system owners and users, the analyst typically
identifies and validates their business problems and needs. For the
system designers and builders, the analyst ensures that the technical
solution fulfills the business needs and then integrates the technical
solution into the business. As part of the facilitation, the systems
analyst performs systems analysis and design.
We can say also that a System analyst studies the problems and
needs of an organization to determine how people , data, processes,
communications ,and information technology can best accomplish
improvements for the business.
Study of System concept.

The study of System concepts, then, has three
basic implication.
1) A system must be designed to achieve a
predetermined objective.
2) Interrelationships and interdependence must exit
among the components
3)The objectives of the organization as a whole have a higher priority
then the objectives of its subsystems.
For example computerizing personnel applications must conform to the organizations
policy on privacy, confidentiality, and security, as well as making selected data (e.g.,
payroll) available to the accounting division on request
Fig-2.1:- System Concepts.
ELEMENTS OF A SYSTEM
In most cases, systems analysts operate in a dynamic environment where change is a
way of life. The environment may be a business firm, a business application, or a
computer system. To reconstruct a system, the following key elements must be
considered:
1) OUTPUT and INPUT.

2) PROCESSOR(S)
3) CONTROL
4) FEEDBACK.
5)ENVIRONMENT.
6) BOUNDARIES and INTERFACES
BOUNDARIES AND INTERFACE

Every system has a boundary within which it lies and outside of
which its environment. The environment of a business system
includes any human, business or political activity that impinges
upon the business operation. The environment of an information
system is any activity , person or object that gives rise to data or
responds to information from the system.
The concept of boundary of a system makes it possible to focus on a
particular system within a hierarchy of a systems. The boundary of
a system may exit either physically or conceptually. The
operational definition of a system in terms of its boundary is :1) List all components that are to make up the system and
circumscribe them. Everything within the circumscribed space is
called the system, and everything outside is called the
environment.
2) List all flows across the boundary. Flows from the environment into
the system are inputs; flows from inside the boundary to outside
are called outputs.
3) Identify all elements that contribute to the specific goals of the
system and include these
within the boundary if they are not
already included.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A SYSTEM
Our definition of a system suggests some characteristics that are present in all system.
Which is as follows:-
1)A system is a
whole
2) Components of a system
interact.
3) Systems are goal
seeking.
4) System have input/output.
5) Systems transform inputs to yield
output.
6)Systems exhibit
entropy,
7) Systems must be
controlled.
8) Systems form a hierarchy.
9) Systems exhibit
differentiation.
10. Systems exhibit
equafinality.

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Information System Analysis

2) WHAT ABOUT SYSTEM?

What do you mean by DATA?

by processing and purposeful intelligence. The latter,

Figure 2.1:- To understand Data and Information

Figure:-A general model of a System

Information System (IS)

Information technology (IT)

is the study of a business problem domain to

is the specification or construction of a technical,

WHAT ABOUT SYSTEM DESIGNER

are the technology specialists for information system

designers translate system users' business requirements and constraints into

system designers tend to focus on technical specialties such as databases,

of you may be educating yourselves to specialize in one. of these technical

AND SYSTEM ANALYST !!!

facilitates the development of

this capacity, and as illustrated a Figure in next slide , the

Study of System concept.

Fig-2.1:- System Concepts.

1) OUTPUT and INPUT.

BOUNDARIES AND INTERFACE

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